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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial biofilms, which leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Current treatments, such as mechanical cleaning and antibiotics, struggle to effectively address the persistent biofilms, inflammation, and tissue damage. A new approach involves developing a Janus nanomotor (J-CeM@Au) by coating cerium dioxide-doped mesoporous silica (CeM) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This nanomotor exhibits thermophoretic motion when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) laser light due to the temperature gradient produced by the photothermal effects of asymmetrically distributed AuNPs. The NIR laser provides the energy for propulsion and activates the nanomotor's antibacterial properties, allowing it to penetrate biofilms and kill bacteria. Additionally, the nanomotor's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) can modulate the immune response and create a regenerative environment, promoting the healing of periodontal tissue. Overall, this multifunctional nanomotor offers a promising new approach for treating periodontitis by simultaneously addressing biofilm management and immune modulation with autonomous movement.

Abstract Understanding the interface between nanomaterials and lipoproteins is crucial for gaining insights into their impact on lipoprotein structure and lipid metabolism. Here, we use graphene oxide (GOs) nanosheets as a controlled carbon nanomaterial model to study how surface properties influence lipoprotein corona formation and show that GOs have strong binding affinity with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We use advanced techniques including X-ray reflectivity, circular dichroism, and molecular simulations to explore the interfacial interactions between GOs and LDL. Specifically, hydrophobic GOs preferentially associate with LDL’s lipid components, whereas hydrophilic GOs tend to bind with apolipoproteins. Furthermore, these GOs distinctly modulate a variety of lipid metabolism pathways, including LDL recognition, uptake, hydrolysis, efflux, and lipid droplet formation. This study underscores the importance of structure analysis at the nano-biomolecule interface, emphasizing how nanomaterials’ surface properties critically influence cellular lipid metabolism. These insights will inspire the design and application of future biocompatible nanomaterials and nanomedicines.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with its incidence steadily rising each year, representing a significant threat to human health. Early detection, diagnosis, and timely treatment play a crucial role in improving survival rates and reducing mortality. In recent years, significant and rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have found successful applications in various clinical areas, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. AI not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of physician diagnosis but also aids in patient treatment and management. This comprehensive review presents an overview of fundamental AI-related algorithms and highlights their clinical applications in lung nodule detection, lung cancer pathology classification, gene mutation prediction, treatment strategies, and prognosis. Additionally, the rapidly advancing field of AI-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in lung cancer surgical resection is discussed. Lastly, the limitations of AI and future prospects are addressed.

Abstract Objective The present study aims to explore the influencing factors of the scientific fitness literacy of nurses and provide a strategic basis for literacy improvement. Methods A questionnaire on the influencing factors of scientific fitness literacy of nurses was designed by the group conducting the present study; the questionnaire was based on the socioecology model and the questionnaire preparation method. The general data questionnaire and the questionnaire on the influencing factors of scientific fitness literacy of nurses were adopted to investigate nurses in tertiary hospitals in order to analyze and discuss the influencing factors of their scientific fitness literacy. Results (1) The questionnaire on the influencing factors of the scientific fitness literacy of nurses comprised five dimensions and 36 items. The overall item-content validity index was 0.833–1.000, the scale-content validity index was 0.974, and the overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.955; (2) the results of the pairwise Pearson correlation analysis showed that all five dimensions were positively correlated with the scientific fitness literacy of nurses; and (3) the results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that five dimensions, as well as the existence of exercise habits in daily life, had a significant impact on the scientific fitness literacy of nurses (P

The common causes of rectovaginal fistula include obstetric trauma, local infection, and rectal surgery, while rectovaginal fistula following hemorrhoid surgery is extremely rare. Rectovaginal fistulae (RVF) rarely heal without intervention. Surgical treatment is usually performed, but the optimal surgical method remains controversial. The patient was a 37-year-old woman who was transferred to our hospital due to an unsuccessful repair of a rectovaginal fistula after hemorrhoid surgery in a local hospital. The next day after admission, she had prophylactic ileostomy, fecal diversion and combined treatment with cephalosporin antibiotic to create a clean postoperative area. However, there was still fecal outflow from the vagina, with no significant reduction in excretion compared to previous surgery. Digestive endoscopy confirmed a failure of the repair for rectovaginal fistula. Therefore, preventive ileostomy was continued to reduce the accumulation of bacteria in the fistula and control the inflammation. After 8 weeks, the endoscopic fistula inflammation disappeared, and the condition of endoscopic surgery was considered to be mature. Subsequently, a new surgical method combining transanal endoscopy and transvaginal endoscopy was performed. After 12 weeks of surgery, a follow-up endoscopic examination showed that the fistula had been repaired and healed. During the 1-year follow-up, no serious complication was encountered, no recurrence was found, and the repair effect was satisfactory. In conclusion, a new technique combining transanal endoscopy and transvaginal endoscopy can effectively be used for the surgical repair of rectovaginal fistula after a hemorrhoid operation.

How to inhibit the formation of point defects in the preparation process of hybrid perovskite for improving the stability and photovoltaic characteristics has been a hot research issue in recent years. Herein, molecular engineering of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is focused as a Lewis base for an additive to improve the interface matching of hybrid perovskite solar cells. Based on the molecular binding strategy, the film crystallinity, bond binding, interfacial transport, and water resistance can be effectively regulated, resulting in preferred photovoltaic characteristics. Herein, the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells reaches 19.7% as well as the improved stability of solar cells. Moreover, combined with first‐principles calculation, the mechanism of PVP macromolecules inducing perovskite interfacial binding through molecular engineering is revealed, which provides a feasible route for using organic macromolecules to regulate the crystallinity and photovoltaic characteristics of hybrid perovskite devices.

Wubao County is located in the northeastern part of the loess plateau in northern Shaanxi, geological disasters are developing in the area, which seriously threatens the life and property safety of local residents. On the basis of fully analyzing the geological disaster survey data in Wubao County, the evaluation indicators such as slope, slope aspect, and surface curvature were selected for the whole county scale, and the risk assessment was carried out based on the 25 m×25 m grid unit based on the information model based on the GIS platform. The evaluation results are divided into: extremely high risk area, high risk area, medium risk area and low risk area, accounting for 0.63%, 12.58%, 24.40% and 62.39% of the total area respectively. According to the scale of key areas, the factors of slope and slope height are selected, and the analytic hierarchy process model is used to carry out risk assessment of slope units divided by hydrological method based on GIS platform, including 19 extremely high-risk slopes, 69 high-risk slopes, 145 medium-risk slopes, 359 low-risk slopes. The same area (area A) under the two scales was selected to conduct variance analysis on the risk assessment results. It shows that at different scales and the same geographical location, the evaluation results of risk level may be inconsistent. At the county-wide scale, various mathematical statistical models with predictive functions should be used, but at the smaller key area scale, due to the insufficient number of samples used for training, it is not appropriate to use mathematical statistical models. Correspondingly, the grid unit based on GIS tools can be used as the evaluation unit at the county scale; the actual slope body can be used as the evaluation unit at the key area scale.

Flow separation occurs when wind turbines operate under large inflow conditions, which seriously affects the utilization of wind energy and reduces the output power of the blade. Therefore, a composite flow control configuration for horizontal axis wind turbines, founded on segmented prepositive elliptical wings, is proposed for efficiency enhancement. Taking a typical NREL Phase VI wind turbine as the prototype, its separation effect is evaluated by the CFD method. Then, starting from the improvement of the two-dimensional airfoil flow, the prepositive elliptic wing is designed according to the airfoil flow, and the optimal two-dimensional flow control configuration of the blade airfoil is obtained by simulation analysis. Finally, the two-dimensional configuration is extended to three-dimensional, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade before and after flow control are simulated and compared. The results show that, at wind speeds of 10~20 m/s, flow separation on the blade is effectively inhibited; meanwhile, the pressure difference between the pressure surface and the suction surface increases. These characteristics greatly improve the performance of wind turbine and increase its torque by more than 30%. Moreover, when the flow control effect cannot be reached, the blade torque is only reduced by approximately 2%.

Cell membrane coating of nanomaterials has become an attractive method of improving targeting, residence and biocompatibility. Here, the authors demonstrated that most nanoparticles are only partially coated by standard methods, and show the coating degree can impact the biological fate of nanoparticles.

Background Rotavirus infections, prevalent in human populations, are caused mostly by group A viruses. Immunization against rotaviruses in infancy is currently the most effective and economical strategy to prevent rotavirus infection. This study evaluated the safety of a novel hexavalent rotavirus vaccine and analyzed its dose and immunogenicity. Methods This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial enrolled healthy adults, toddlers, and infants in Zhengding County, Hebei Province, northern China. 40 adults and 40 children were assigned in a 2:1:1 ratio to receive one vaccine dose, placebo 1, and placebo 2, respectively. 120 6–12 week old infants were assigned equivalently into 3 groups. The infants in each group were assigned in a 2:1:1 ratio to receive three doses of vaccine, placebo 1, and placebo 2, at a 28-day interval. Adverse events (AEs) until 28 days after each dose and serious adverse events (SAEs) until 6 months after the third dose were reported. Virus shedding until 14 days after each dose in infants was tested. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and seroconversion rates were measured for anti-rotavirus IgA by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The solicited and unsolicited AE frequencies and laboratory indexes were similar among the treatment groups. No vaccine-related SAEs were reported. The average percentage of rotavirus vaccine shedding in the infant vaccine groups was 5.00%. The post-3rd dose anti-rotavirus IgA antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMC) and seroconversion rate were higher in the vaccine groups than in the placebo groups. Conclusions The novel oral hexavalent rotavirus vaccine was generally well-tolerated in all adults, toddlers and infants, and the vaccine was immunogenic in infants.

A submerged inlet has good stealth characteristics and a low external drag, but it also has the disadvantage of low internal flow efficiency. In view of this, a new efficiency enhancement method based on the prepositive synergistic bulge of the inlet’s anterior lip is proposed. Taking the submerged inlet of an aircraft as the baseline configuration, a miniature bulge with a square bottom and an outer convex form is designed in front of the inlet’s anterior lip. Through the convex shape of the bulge, part of the low-energy boundary layer airflow is diverted away from the inlet’s entrance, so that the airflow greatly reduces the flow separation after entering the inlet, and the internal flow performance of the entire submerged inlet is improved. Taking the flow field of an aircraft in the classic cruise state as an example, the simulation analysis results show that the flow field characteristics of the entire submerged inlet are obviously improved after adding the synergistic bulge. The total pressure recovery coefficient of the new inlet configuration increased by 1.36%, the total pressure distortion index decreased by 10.86%, and the body drag only increased by 0.37% compared with the baseline case. According to calculations of synergistic bulge inlet configurations with different design parameters, the effect of this configuration is relatively stable, whereby the aspect ratio of the bulge has the greatest impact on the performance, and its value should not be less than 0.75. In addition to the advantages of not requiring additional components or occupying space and being easy to manufacture, the method of adding a synergistic bulge can improve the aerodynamic performance of the baseline inlet under most cruise flight conditions, and its additional drag is small, which gives it a wide applicability range.

Based on the data of Portunus trituberculatus and environmental factors in the northern East China Sea from 2001 to 2014, a Ricker-type model was used in investigating the effects of environmental factors on P. trituberculatus recruitment. The main environmental factors include the area of red tide, sea level height, sea surface salinity, and typhoon landing times with wind forces above 6 near the center. We assumed that the distributions of environmental data vary and selected AIC, BIC, and maximum likelihood as criteria for the selection of the best distribution of each environmental factor. Environmental factor data were simulated according to the distributions (repeated 10,000 times). The Ricker model with ln-linear environmental impact was used in predicting the recruitment of P. trituberculatus under different combinations of various environmental factors for a given spawning stock biomass. Results show that the predicted recruitment abundance most likely appears between 10 × 103 and 15 × 103 million individuals, and the probability is approximately 39.56%. The environmental condition in which the four environmental factors have the best and worst combinations was also simulated. Our results indicate that red tide and typhoon are the two dominant factors affecting the recruitment of P. trituberculatus. The results show that at the 5% significance level, if the recruitment is less than 6.394 × 103 million individuals, then it is probably under a bad environment condition. Similarly, if recruitment is more than 28.305 × 103 million individuals, then it is probably under a good environmental condition. This study provides a technical reference for the scientific prediction and management of P. trituberculatus and other fishery resources subjected to various environmental conditions.

Based on the bionic design of the humpback whale fin, a passive flow control method is proposed to obtain greater flapping lift by applying the wavy leading edge structure to the straight symmetrical flapping wing. The leading edge of the conventional flapping wing is replaced by the wavy shape represented by regular trigonometric function to form a special passive flow control configuration imitating the leading edge of the humpback whale fin. The dynamic aerodynamic performance and flow field characteristics of straight wing and wavy leading edge flapping wing with different parameters are compared and analyzed by CFD numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the wavy leading edge structure changes the flow field of the baseline flapping wing and reduces the pressure on the upper surface of the flapping wing during the process of downward flapping, thereby increasing the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the flapping wing and increasing the lift. The sensitivity analysis of the design parameters shows that in order to obtain the maximum lift coefficient while losing the least thrust, the smaller amplitude should be selected on the premise of selecting the smaller wavelength. Among the configurations of different design parameters calculated in this paper, the optimal wavy leading edge flapping wing configuration increases the time average lift coefficient by 32.86% and decreases the time average thrust coefficient by 14.28%. Compared with the straight wing, it has better low-speed flight and can withstand greater take-off weight.

Japanese sardines (Sardinops melanostictus) are environmentally sensitive pelagic fish. We investigated the effects of environmental factors on the stock-recruitment (S-R) relationship of S. melanostictus in the Pacific Ocean from 1984 to 2018. We modeled and analyzed the recruitment of S. melanostictus using the Ricker model, the Ricker environment extension model (Ricker-E), and the generalized additive model (GAM). Different numbers of environmental factors were added to the models for fitting, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to select the optimal model. The results showed that the nonlinear GAM provided the best fit. The results of the GAM single factor and multifactor analysis showed that environmental factors were significantly correlated with recruitment in S. melanostictus (p < 0.05). The best fitting model was the GAM, with an AIC of 57.9 and a cumulative explanation rate of 95.7%. Sea surface temperature was the most dominant environmental factor and had a negative impact on R/S. Considering both spawning stock biomass (S) and the environmental factors in the S-R relationship is important for studying the mechanisms of complementary changes and population changes in S. melanostictus under the influence of the marine environment.

Background: Risk communication is necessary to improve the booster vaccination rate, but Vietnam does not have a system to collect and disclose such information. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify adverse reactions and their frequency in the early period after booster vaccination, and to obtain primary data for improving the booster vaccination rate. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults aged ≥18 years. Clinical data were collected 14 days after booster vaccination by using a standard questionnaire. Results: A total of 1322 participants were included with median age = 23 and sex ratio (Male/Female) = 0.53. AstraZeneca was the most commonly used vaccine for the first and second doses, while Pfizer was the most commonly used vaccine for booster shots. Injection site pain, fatigue, and myalgia were the most common side effect reported (71.9%, 28.1%, and 21.8%, respectively). Compared to previous COVID-19 vaccine injections, 81.9% of participants reported that their symptoms were similar or milder after receiving the booster dose. They were more likely to present injection site pain (OR = 1.43, p < 0.0001) and lymphadenopathy (OR = 4.76, p < 0.0001) after receiving the booster shot. Fever (OR = 0.33, p < 0.0001) and fatigue (OR = 0.77, p = 0.002) were less often reported after booster shots compared to the first and second injections. The severity of symptoms occurring after booster dose versus first and second doses increased significantly with each additional year of age and among participants receiving the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Conclusion: Adverse reactions to booster vaccination are minor and their incidence is the same as for the first or the second vaccination. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes on the side effects and safety of COVID-19 vaccine booster shots need to be conducted to make the population less worried, in order to increase the vaccination rate, to protect individuals’ and communities’ health.

Angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment (TME) play important roles in tumorigenesis. Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) is a well-established oncogene in multiple tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC); however, whether FOXQ1 contributes to angiogenesis and TME modification in CRC remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrate an essential role of FOXQ1-induced angiogenesis and macrophage recruitment in CRC that is related to its ability to promote the migration of endothelial cells and macrophages through activation of the EGF/PDGF pathway and the Twist1/CCL2 axis. We also provide evidence showing that the clinical significance between FOXQ1, Twist1, CCL2, and macrophage infiltration is associated with reduced 8-year survival in CRC patients. Our findings suggest FOXQ1 plays critical roles in the malignancy and progression of CRC, Therefore, FOXQ1 may serve as a therapeutic target for inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing macrophage recruitment in CRC.

Of 322 stool specimens collected from children with diarrhea from October 2005 through September 2006 in Wuhan, China, group A rotavirus was identified in 101 (31.4%). The most prevalent group A rotavirus genotype was G3P[8] (62.6%), followed by G1P[8](17.6%), G1+G3P[8](8.8%), G3P[4](6.6%), G1P[4](2.2%), and G9P[8](2.2%). The G9 strains were first detected in Wuhan.

There have been many studies on the adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines but the urinary incontinence after COVID-19 vaccination is rare. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy presented to outpatient department, Thai Binh University of Medicine Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam with complaints of urinary incontinence for the past 2 weeks, following the first dose of the messenger RNA vaccine. He had no other abnormalities in clinical and laboratory exams. This clinical situation suggested vaccine side effects. No specific treatment was administered upon diagnosis without toilet and bladder training. Subsequent monitoring revealed a gradual reduction in symptoms over 2 months, with complete recovery achieved at the 14th week from the onset of symptoms, without necessitating any medical intervention. This case highlights the need for thorough evaluation and assessment of potential adverse effects following vaccination, including uncommon presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]