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Abstract Background To explore an artificial intelligence (AI) technology employing YOLOv8 for quality control (QC) on elbow joint radiographs. Methods From January 2022 to August 2023, 2643 consecutive elbow radiographs were collected and randomly assigned to the training, validation, and test sets in a 6:2:2 ratio. We proposed the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) models to identify target detection boxes and key points on elbow radiographs using YOLOv8. These identifications were transformed into five quality standards: (1) AP elbow positioning coordinates (XA and YA); (2) olecranon fossa positioning distance parameters (S17 and S27); (3) key points of joint space (Y3, Y4, Y5 and Y6); (4) LAT elbow positioning coordinates (X2 and Y2); and (5) flexion angle. Models were trained and validated using 2,120 radiographs. A test set of 523 radiographs was used for assessing the agreement between AI and physician and to evaluate clinical efficiency of models. Results The AP and LAT models demonstrated high precision, recall, and mean average precision for identifying boxes and points. AI and physicians showed high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in evaluating: AP coordinates XA (0.987) and YA (0.991); olecranon fossa parameters S17 (0.964) and S27 (0.951); key points Y3 (0.998), Y4 (0.997), Y5 (0.998) and Y6 (0.959); LAT coordinates X2 (0.994) and Y2 (0.986); and flexion angle (0.865). Compared to manual methods, using AI, QC time was reduced by 43% for AP images and 45% for LAT images (p

Abstract Diagnosis and stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) patients using the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test is challenging. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a new star of liquid biopsy, has attracted interest to complement inaccurate PSA screening and invasiveness of tissue biopsy. In this study, a panel of potential small EV (sEV) protein biomarkers is identified from PCa cell lines using label‐free LC‐MS/MS proteomics. These biomarkers underwent further validation with plasma and urine samples from different PCa stages through parallel reaction monitoring‐based targeted proteomics, western blotting, and ELISA. Additionally, a tissue microarray containing cancerous and noncancerous tissues is screened to provide additional evidence of selected sEV proteins associated with cancer origin. Results indicate that sEV protein LAMB1 is highly expressed in human plasma of metastatic PCa patients compared with localised PCa patients and control subjects, while sEV protein Histone H4 is highly expressed in human urine of high‐risk PCa patients compared to low‐risk PCa patients and control subjects. These two sEV proteins demonstrate higher specificity and sensitivity than the PSA test and show promise for metastatic PCa diagnosis, progression monitoring, and risk stratification.

Technological innovation represents the core driving force for the green development of resource-based enterprises. How to effectively promote enterprises’ technological innovation has received considerable attention in academia and practice. However, most of existing studies have been focused on the influence of industrial level or organizational level, the impact of leadership has received little attention. Therefore, this study explores the impact of environmental leadership, which focuses on environmental protection and sustainable development, on technological innovation. Using Stata 18 software, this study analyzes 170 resource-based enterprises listed on the Shenzhen and Shanghai A-share stock markets, for the time periods spanning from 2013 to 2022. The results indicate a positive impact of environmental leadership on technological innovation, with green investment mediating the relationship between environmental leadership and technological innovation. However, the moderating effect of government subsidies between environmental leadership and green investment is not significant. Our findings offer a better understanding of technological innovation in resource-based enterprises by considering the influence factors from both internal and external pespectives, especially the critical role of leader. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on leadership theory and technological innovation theory.

Abstract Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), has had a worldwide resurgence in recent years and remains a public health threat. As such, there has been a great deal of research into clinical strategies for the disease, including diagnostic biomarkers and possible strategies for treatment and prevention. Although serological testing remains the predominant laboratory diagnostic method for syphilis, it is worth noting that investigations pertaining to the DNA of T. pallidum, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), chemokines, and metabolites in peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other bodily fluids have the potential to offer novel perspectives on the diagnosis of syphilis. In addition, the global spread of antibiotic resistance, such as macrolides and tetracyclines, has posed significant challenges for the treatment of syphilis. Fortunately, there is still no evidence of penicillin resistance. Hence, penicillin is the recommended course of treatment for syphilis, whereas doxycycline, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and amoxicillin are viable alternative options. In recent years, efforts to discover a vaccine for syphilis have been reignited with better knowledge of the repertoire of T. pallidum outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which are the most probable syphilis vaccine candidates. However, research on therapeutic interventions and vaccine development for human subjects is limited due to practical and ethical considerations. Thus, the preclinical model is ideal for conducting research, and it plays an important role in clinical transformation. Different preclinical models have recently emerged, such as in vitro culture and mouse models, which will lay a solid foundation for clinical treatment and prevention of syphilis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent syphilis tactics, including detection, drug resistance treatments, vaccine development, and preclinical models in clinical practice.

Abstract To validate a radiomics model based on multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the ki-67 expression levels in early-stage endometrial cancer, 131 patients with early endometrial cancer who had undergone pathological examination and preoperative MRI scan were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups based on the ki-67 expression levels. The radiomics features were extracted from the T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), dynamic contrast enhanced T1 weighted imaging (DCE-T1WI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map and screened using the Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC). A multi-layer perceptual machine and fivefold cross-validation were used to construct the radiomics model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the models. The combined multi-sequence radiomics model of T2WI, DCE-T1WI, and ADC map showed better discriminatory powers than those using only one sequence. The combined radiomics models with multi-sequence fusions achieved the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC). The AUC value of the validation set was 0.852, with an accuracy of 0.827, sensitivity of 0.844, specificity of 0.773, and precision of 0.799. In conclusion, the combined multi-sequence MRI based radiomics model enables preoperative noninvasive prediction of the ki-67 expression levels in early endometrial cancer. This provides an objective imaging basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) transports warm tropical and subtropical waters eastward into the southern Indian Ocean. It plays a crucial role in the oceanographic connections between the Indian, Atlantic, and Southern oceans. Modern oceanographic observations show that the latitudinal position of the ARC varies interannually. However, its historical positional variations remain poorly understood. Calcareous nannofossils can be a good indicator of ancient current migration, although their record in the Southwest Indian Ocean is poorly studied. This research aims to understand the characteristics and downcore variation of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages and trace the record of the ancient ARC. To achieve these goals, this study analyzed pelagic sediments of multicore 34IV-SWIR-S021MC03, 34IV-SWIR-S032MC04, and 34IV-SWIR-S040MC05 from the Southwest Indian Ocean. A total of 13 nannofossil species have been identified. The assemblages belong to the subtropical convergence zone regime. They are characterized by warm and cold water species, dominated by Emiliania huxleyi, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Gephyrocapsa muellerae, and Florisphaera profunda. According to the AMS14C age model and phytoplankton ecological signatures, this study establishes a calcareous nannofossil indicator to trace the migration of the ancient ARC during the last 40 kyr. The result shows three periods of migration: 40–22 kyr, the ancient ARC was in the far north and was moving southward; 22–14 kyr, a transitional period, the ancient ARC was moving northward; 14–3 kyr, the ARC was moving southward. This further suggests that the migration of the ancient ARC is more complex than the two recognized phases, and there were essential turning points around the last glacial maximum period. It also acknowledges that the ancient ARC is sensitive to interglacial periods and can be influenced simultaneously by the Southern Hemisphere monsoon and westerly winds.

Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism is a rare and possible cause of hyponatremia. However, the clinical epidemiology and risk of mortality (ROM) when they coexist still remain elusive. Objectives We assessed the epidemiology and ROM among index patients with coexisting hypothyroidism and hyponatremia via a national population database. Patients and methods This retrospective cohort study utilized Taiwan’s National Health Insurance program database. Distributions of definite sociodemographic factors were analyzed. The annual incidence among the overall group and sex-subgroups was investigated. In addition, potential factors influencing the ROM were also evaluated. Results Of 4,549,226 patients from 1998 to 2015, a total of 3,140 index patients with concurrent hypothyroidism and hyponatremia were analyzed. The incidence rate increased tenfold from 1998 to 2015; average annual incidence rate was 174. Among the total participants, 57.1% were women; mean age was 72.6 ± 14.7 years and 88.8% were aged > 55 years. Although average length of stay (LOS) was 13.1 ± 15.4 days, the mortality group had significantly longer LOS than that in the survival group (12.9 days vs 22.2 days). Old age, catastrophic illness, cardiac dysrhythmia, and low hospital hierarchy were independent predictors of hospital mortality. The optimal LOS cutoff value for ROM prediction was 16 days. Index patients with LOS > 16 days increased ROM by 2.3-fold. Conclusions Coexistent hypothyroidism and hyponatremia is rare, although the incidence increased gradually. Factors influencing the ROM, such as old age, underlying catastrophic status, cardiac dysrhythmia, hospital hierarchy, and LOS should be considered in clinical care.

ContextAlthough a monoallelic mutation in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene causes familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), the functional characterization of the identified CASR mutation linked to the clinical response to calcimimetics therapy is still limited.ObjectiveA 45-year-old male presenting with moderate hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria, and inappropriately high parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a good response to cinacalcet (total serum calcium (Ca2+) from 12.5 to 10.1 mg/dl). We identified the genetic mutation and characterized the functional and pathophysiological mechanisms, and then linked the mutation to calcimimetics treatment in vitro.DesignSanger sequencing of the CASR, GNA11, and AP2S1 genes was performed in his family. The simulation model was used to predict the function of the identified mutant. In vitro studies, including immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, a cycloheximide chase study, Calbryte™ 520 Ca2+ detection, and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), were examined.ResultsThis proband was found to carry a de novo heterozygous missense I554N in the cysteine-rich domain of CASR, which was pathogenic based on the different software prediction models and ACGME criteria. The simulation model showed that CASR I554N mutation decreased its binding energy with Ca2+. Human CASR I554N mutation attenuated the stability of CASR protein, reduced the expression of p-ERK 1/2, and blunted the intracellular Ca2+ response to gradient extracellular Ca2+ (eCa2+) concentration. The EC50 study also demonstrated the correctable effect of calcimimetics on the function of the CASR I554N mutation.ConclusionThis novel CASR I554N mutation causing FHH attenuates CASR stability, its binding affinity with Ca2+, and the response to eCa2+ corrected by therapeutic calcimimetics.

Abstract Resina Draconis (RD) is known as the "holy medicine for promoting blood circulation" and possesses antitumor properties against various types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC); however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. To explore the potential mechanism of RD against BC using network pharmacology and experimental validation, data on bioactive compounds, potential targets of RD, and related genes of BC were obtained from multiple public databases. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses were performed via the DAVID database. Protein interactions were downloaded from the STRING database. The mRNA and protein expression levels and survival analysis of the hub targets were analyzed using the UALCAN, HPA, Kaplan‒Meier mapper, and cBioPortal databases. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to verify the selected key ingredients and hub targets. Finally, the predicted results of network pharmacology methods were verified by cell experiments. In total, 160 active ingredients were obtained, and 148 RD target genes for the treatment of BC were identified. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that RD exerted its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating multiple pathways. Of these, the PI3K-AKT pathway was indicated to play an important role. In addition, RD treatment of BC seemed to involve the regulation of hub targets that were identified based on PPI interaction network analysis. Validation in different databases showed that AKT1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, SRC and MDM2 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of BC and that ESR1, IGF1 and HSP90AA1 were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in BC patients. Molecular docking results showed that 103 active compounds have good binding activity with the hub targets, among which flavonoid compounds were the most important active components. Therefore, the sanguis draconis flavones (SDF) were selected for subsequent cell experiments. The experimental results showed that SDF significantly inhibited the cell cycle and cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway and induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis. This study has preliminarily reported on the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of RD against BC, and RD was shown to exert its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and related gene targets. Importantly, our work could provide a theoretical basis for further study of the complex anti-BC mechanism of RD.

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the urgent need for versatile and rapidly deployable antiviral strategies. While vaccines have been pivotal in controlling the spread of the virus, the emergence of new variants continues to pose significant challenges to global health. Here, our study focuses on a novel approach to antiviral therapy using DNA aptamers, short oligonucleotides with high specificity and affinity for their targets, as potential inhibitors against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron and JN.1. Our research utilizes steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to elucidate the binding mechanisms of a specifically designed DNA aptamer, AM032-4, to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the aforementioned variants. The simulations reveal detailed molecular insights into the aptamer–RBD interaction, demonstrating the aptamer’s potential to maintain effective binding in the face of rapid viral evolution. Our work not only demonstrates the dynamic interaction between aptamer–RBD for possible antiviral therapy but also introduces a computational method to study aptamer–protein interactions.

Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery has increasingly been adopted for myopia correction in recent decades. This study, employing in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), aimed to assess the impact of corneal incision during ICL surgery on the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) and adjacent immune dendritiform cells (DCs). In this longitudinal study, eyes from 53 patients undergoing ICL surgery were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively over a twelve-month period. Quantification of seven SNP parameters was performed using ACCMetrics V.2 software. Ultimately, the final analysis was restricted to one eye from each of the 37 patients who completed a minimum of three months’ postoperative follow-up. Preoperative investigations revealed a positive correlation of DC density with patient age and a negative association with corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD). Additionally, both DCs and CNFD were positively linked to spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and inversely related to axial length (AL). Intriguingly, preoperative DC density demonstrated an indirect relationship with both baseline and postoperative CNFD changes. Post-surgery, an initial surge in DC density was observed, which normalized subsequently. Meanwhile, parameters like CNFD, corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal nerve fractal dimension (CNFrD) initially showed a decline following surgery. However, at one-year follow-up, CNFL and CNFrD displayed significant recovery, while CNFD did not return to its baseline level. This study thus delineates the regeneration pattern of SNP and alterations in DC density post-ICL surgery, highlighting that CNFD in the central cornea does not completely revert to preoperative levels within a year. Given these findings, practitioners are advised to exercise caution in older patients, those with high myopia, or elevated preoperative DCs who may undergo delayed SNP regeneration.

Abstract Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant, aggressive and recurrent primary brain tumor. Cell senescence can cause irreversible cessation of cell division in normally proliferating cells. According to studies, senescence is a primary anti-tumor mechanism that may be seen in a variety of tumor types. It halts the growth and spread of tumors. Tumor suppressive functions held by cellular senescence provide new directions and pathways to promote cancer therapy. Methods We comprehensively analyzed the cell senescence-associated genes expression patterns. The potential molecular subtypes were acquired based on unsupervised cluster analysis. The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) variations, immune cell infiltration, and stemness index between 3 subtypes were analyzed. To identify genes linked with GBM prognosis and build a risk score model, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), univariate Cox regression, Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analysis. And the correlation between risk scores and clinical traits, TME, GBM subtypes, as well as immunotherapy responses were estimated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and cellular experiments were performed to evaluate the expression and function of representative genes. Then the 2 risk scoring models were constructed based on the same method of calculation whose samples were acquired from the CGGA dataset and TCGA datasets to verify the rationality and the reliability of the risk scoring model. Finally, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of the risk score, assessed drug sensitivity based on risk scores, and analyzed the pathways of sensitive drug action. Results The 3 potential molecular subtypes were acquired based on cell senescence-associated genes expression. The Log-rank test showed the difference in GBM patient survival between 3 potential molecular subtypes (P = 0.0027). Then, 11 cell senescence-associated genes were obtained to construct a risk-scoring model, which was systematically randomized to distinguish the train set (n = 293) and the test set (n = 292). The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analyses indicated that the high-risk score in the train set (P

Presents a discussion, comment or reply to the paper, Corrections to “How Environmental Leadership Promote Technological Innovation in Resource-Based Enterprises: The Role of Green Investment and Government Subsidy”.

In this paper, a coupling model of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) was established, and the relationship between the pollution source and water quality response was identified. Based on the hydrodynamic water quality simulation results and the one-dimensional WEC (water environmental capacity) theoretical formula, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus WEC and the remaining WEC of the Yongzhou Section of Xiangjiang River Basin under the guaranteed rate of 90% and in 2017 were calculated, respectively. It can be seen from the results that the total nitrogen WEC of the Yongzhou Section of Xiangjiang River Basin in 2017 is 27,673.04 t, the total nitrogen WEC under the guaranteed rate of 90% is 19,497.61 t/a and the total phosphorus WEC of the Yongzhou Section of Xiangjiang River Basin in 2017 is 4,877.22 t. The total phosphorus WEC under the guaranteed rate of 90% is 2,936.64 t/a; in 2017, the remaining WECs of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the entire basin are 14,646.69 and 3,358.67 t, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS A calculation method of water environment capacity was studied, which can provide a reference for the calculation of water environment capacity in large and medium-sized basins; The coupling model of SWAT and EFDC fix the lack of watershed sites and measured data, and inaccurate calculation of water environment capacity.; The coupling model identifies the relationship between pollution sources and water quality response.;

It is a challenge for manifold discovery from the data in the high-dimensional space, since the data in the high-dimensional space is sparsely distributed, which hardly provides rich information for manifold discovery so as to be possible to obtain deformed manifolds. To address this issue, this paper designed a deep model based on Brenier theorem for manifold discovery. Since Brenier theorem can find the optimal transportation mass distance between the reconstructed data distribution and the original data distribution, the manifold discovered from in the reconstructed data distribution can be as close to the original manifold as possible. Results not only show that the proposed method wins over competing methods both the precision of manifold discovery and resistance to data sparsity, but also show those non-linear architectures with deep paradigms outperform those architectures without deep paradigms in terms of manifold discovery. We find that the loss function derived by Brenier theorem can help that models minimize the error between the reconstructed manifold and the original manifold. Moreover, the manner constraining neurons with norm-2 is better than that of with norm-1 in both easing data sparsity and improving the precision of for manifold discovery.

IntroductionRural roads and built environment in China have been developed enormously, but it is not clear whether these roads fulfill the needs of school children as they need to travel long to school every day.ObjectiveIt is crucial to understand the influencing factors of their travel mode choices to better design future country roads and built environment, aiming to promote physical activities of school children in a safe built environment.MethodThis study thus attempts to explore the impacts of rural built environment attributes on children's school travel mode preferences. Eight rural built environment attributes are considered: distance from home to school; the number of intersections passed on the way to school; whether there are sidewalks/bicycle lanes; the traffic speed of school access routes; whether there are separation facilities between motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles; whether there are traffic lights and zebra crossings; availability of greenery such as lawns, flower ponds and street trees and whether there are shops on the way to school and at the school gate. Six hundred and thirty eight valid questionnaires were obtained through face-to-face interviews with school-age children in villages. A multinomial logit model was estimated to unravel the preferences and choices of rural school-age children in different models of school travel using the stated choice data.ResultsAll the eight attributes have significant impacts on rural children's school travel choices on foot, bicycle, electric bicycle or motorbike. And four rural road design attributes have significant effects on rural children's school travel by private cars. A travel path with pavements or bike lanes, few intersections, low traffic speeds, greenery and shops can facilitate children's school travels on foot or by bike. The conclusions can provide reference for the further upgrading planning, designing and construction of rural roads, as well as enriching the theory and practice of child-friendly villages construction.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the lymph node metastasis pattern and significance of dissection of the left gastric artery lymph nodes in radical en bloc esophagectomy for esophageal squamous carcinomas based on the lymphatic drainage pathway revealed by carbon nanoparticle labeling. Materials and methods Patients who underwent en bloc esophagectomy endoscopically were retrospectively enrolled. Carbon nanoparticles were injected in the submucosa of upper thoracic esophagus to label the relevant draining lymph nodes. The clinical data, lymph nodes dissected, surgical technique, and complications were analyzed. Results En bloc esophagectomy was successful in all 179 patients. Metastases to the left gastric artery lymph nodes were positive in 42 patients (23.5%) but negative in 137 (76.5%). The left gastric lymph nodes were labeled, whereas no celiac lymph nodes were labeled by carbon nanoparticles. A total of 4652 lymph nodes were resected, with 26 lymph nodes per patient. Seventy-three patients had lymph node metastasis (73/179). Seventeen patients had metastasis to the recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes (9.5%). The metastasis rate of the lower thoracic esophageal cancer to the left gastric artery lymph nodes was 37.0%, significantly greater than that at the middle (15.4%) or upper (6.7%) thoracic segment. The lymph node metastasis rate was significantly (P < 0.05) increased with the length of the cancerous lesion, infiltration depth, and poor differentiation. Univariate analysis revealed that the metastasis rate to the left gastric artery lymph nodes was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with paraesophageal lymph node metastasis, para-cardial lymph metastasis, and TNM classification. Multivariate analysis indicated that cancer location (odds ratio 8.32, 95% confidence interval 2.12–32.24) was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with metastasis to the left gastric artery lymph nodes, with the cancer at the middle and lower thoracic segments significantly more than in the upper thoracic segment. Conclusion Certain patterns exist in lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer, and in radical esophagectomy of esophageal cancers, dissection of the left gastric artery lymph nodes is necessary to prevent possible residual or metastasis of esophageal squamous carcinomas based on the lymphatic drainage pathway of esophageal carcinomas demonstrated by carbon nanoparticle labeling.

With the rise of global urbanization, the rural built environment has undergone tremendous changes. As such, the rural built environment impacts on residents’ daily travel behavior is getting more researchers’ attention. To date, most of the research focuses on urban areas in developed countries. To understand the state-of-the-art of interplay between the rural built environment and travel behaviors and to identify future research directions, this study adopts a science mapping approach to identify the relevant topics, authors, journals, and countries of the research done. This study proceeds through bibliometric retrieval of articles from 2005, followed by scientometric analysis and qualitative discussion. 37 documents are found to compare urban and rural domains, with 28 on the rural built environment. Research gaps and the research trends are discussed, of which the main themes are multi-dimensional correlation comparison of rural transportation service systems and emerging transportation modes, the influence of rural social and cultural factors on travel behavior, and low-carbon sustainable transportation. This review provides empirical foundation for current state-of-the-art and identifies the future research directions, specifically for rural built environment impact on travel behavior.

The interactions between whey protein isolate (WPI) and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were investigated as a function of pH and the mass ratio. The results showed that WPI and PGA formed a soluble and uniform complex at a mass ratio of 2:1 and pH 4.0 through forces such as electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed that the contribution of positive enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were the beneficial indicator in the process of combining WPI and PGA under the same mass ratio but different pH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism confirmed that hydrogen bonding was also one of the interaction forces in addition to electrostatic interactions between WPI-PGA complex. The freeze-dried WPI-PGA complex showed the same amorphous structure as WPI. These formed WPI-PGA complexes provided insights for interaction mechanism of proteins and polysaccharides as well as a theoretical basis for the food industry.

News recommendation (NR) can effectively alleviate the overload of news information, and it is an important way to obtain news information for users. Deep learning (DL) has become a mainstream technology to promote the development of NR in recent years, and the effect of news recommendation has been significantly improved, which is widely concerned by researchers. In this paper, the methods of deep learning-based news recommendation (DNR) are classified, analyzed and summarized. In the research of NR, modeling users or news are two key tasks. According to different strategies of modeling users or news, the news recommendation methods based on deep learning are divided into three types: “two-stage” method, “fusion” method and “collaboration” method. Each type of method is further subdivided in terms of sub-tasks or the data organization structure based on. The representative models of each method are introduced and analyzed, and their advantages and limitations are evaluated. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each type of methods are also summarized in detail. Furthermore, the commonly used datasets, baseline and performance evaluation indicators are introduced. Finally, the possible future research directions and development trends in this field are analyzed and predicted.

BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most prominent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Anoikis is a specific form of programmed cell death that plays a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. The presence of anti-anoikis factors is associated with tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance.MethodsThe non-negative matrix factorization algorithm was used for effective dimension reduction for integrated datasets. Differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME), stemness indices, and clinical characteristics between the two clusters were analyzed. Difference analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), univariate Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were leveraged to screen prognosis-related genes and construct a risk score model. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of representative genes in clinical specimens. The relationship between the risk score and the TME, stemness, clinical traits, and immunotherapy response was assessed in GBM and pancancer.ResultsTwo definite clusters were identified on the basis of anoikis-related gene expression. Patients with GBM assigned to C1 were characterized by shortened overall survival, higher suppressive immune infiltration levels, and lower stemness indices. We further constructed a risk scoring model to quantify the regulatory patterns of anoikis-related genes. The higher risk score group was characterized by a poor prognosis, the infiltration of suppressive immune cells and a differentiated phenotype, whereas the lower risk score group exhibited the opposite effects. In addition, patients in the lower risk score group exhibited a higher frequency of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and a more sensitive response to immunotherapy. Drug sensitivity analysis was performed, revealing that the higher risk group may benefit more from drugs targeting the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway.ConclusionWe revealed potential relationships between anoikis-related genes and clinical features, TME, stemness, IDH mutation, and immunotherapy and elucidated their therapeutic value.

Despite advances in screening and treatment, colon cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Finding novel and useful drug treatment targets is also an urgent need for clinical applications. Tetrandrine (Tet) is extracted from the Chinese medicinal herbal medicine, which is a well-known calcium blocker with a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer. In this study, we recruited cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis, cloning formation to confirm that Tet can inhibit the proliferation of SW620 cells, and induce apoptosis. Mechanically, we confirmed that Tet up-regulates the mRNA and protein level of BMP9 in SW620 cells. Over-expression BMP9 enhances the anti-cancer effects of Tet in SW620 cells, but these effects can be partly reversed by silencing BMP9. Also, Tet reduces phosphorylation of Aktl/2/3 in SW620 cells, which could be elevated by overexpressed BMP9 and impaired by silencing BMP9. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tet reduces phosphorylated PTEN, which can be promoted by overexpressed BMP9, analogously also be attenuated through silencing BMP9. Finally, we introduced a xenograft tumor model to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of Tet, further to explore the effects of BMP9 and PTEN in SW620 cells. Our findings suggested that the anti-cancer activity of Tet in SW620 cells may be mediated partly by up-regulating BMP9, followed by inactivation PI3K/Akt through up-regulating PTEN at least.

A comprehensive, accurate, and timely expression of earth observation (EO) tasks is the primary prerequisite for the response to and the emergency monitoring of disasters, especially floods. However, the existing information model does not fully satisfy the demand for a fine-grain observation expression of EO task, which results in the absence of task process management. The current study proposed an EO task representation model based on meta-object facility to address this problem. The model not only describes the static information of a task, but it also defines the dynamics of an observation task by introducing a functional metamodel. This metamodel describes the full life cycle of a task; it comprises five process methods: birth, separation, combination, updating, and extinction. An earth observation task modeling and management prototype system (EO-TMMS) for conducting a remote sensing satellite sensor observation task representation experiment on flooding was developed. In accordance with the results, the proposed model can describe various EO tasks demands and the full life cycle process of an EO task. Compared with other typical observation task information models, the proposed model satisfies the dynamic and fine-grain process representation of EO tasks, which can improve the efficiency of EO sensor utilization.

Due to the viscoelasticity of rubber materials, hysteresis loss due to deformation is the main reason for the rolling resistance of high-speed rubber tracks. Since the structure and material of high-speed rubber track assemblies are different from traditional tires and metal tracks, the rolling resistance theory of traditional wheeled and tracked vehicles is not applicable. Therefore, in order to determine the rolling resistance scientifically and accurately, the mechanism research of the rolling resistance of high-speed rubber track assembly is the key to the design of high-speed rubber crawler vehicles. In this paper, the stress–strain characteristics of rubber track under the action of compression, tension, bending, and driving were studied. The strain load spectrum of rubber tracks was established, and the strain cyclic load was extracted by the rainflow method. The temperature model of the rubber track was developed based on its dynamic characteristics. On the basis of energy conservation, the hysteresis loss of rubber is equivalent to the energy consumption of rolling resistance, and the theoretical model of rolling resistance of high-speed rubber track assembly is established. In accordance with the model above, the key influencing factors and changing trends of rolling resistance are analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis for the performance optimization of high-speed rubber track assembly.

Objectives: The aim is to discover α-glucosidase/acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as lead compounds from a traditional herbal prescription of Qi-Li-Qiang-Xin capsule (QLQX). Methods: A novel strategy combining time-based fractionation, LC-QTOF-MS, enzymatic activity assay, molecular docking and component-target association analysis was performed to discover α-glucosidase/acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from QLQX. Time-based fractionation combined with enzymatic activity assay was used to find the distribution period of active compounds in the herbal prescription. LC-QTOF-MS was used to analyze the structure of active compounds. Molecular docking was applied to explore the interaction between active compounds and targets. Results: According to time-based fractionation, the active components of QLQX for acetylcholinesterase were primarily concentrated in the highly polar region, whereas the active components for α-glucosidase were predominantly found in the moderately polar area. A total of 33 compounds were identified by comparing with chemical reference substances. Dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ (16.98 µM), hydroxysafflor yellow A (84.57 µM), salvianolic acid A (76.62 µM) and cryptotanshinone (112.68 µM) were identified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from QLQX. Similarly, rosmarinic acid (62.29 µM), isochlorogenic acid A (17.95 µM), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (117.93 µM), danshensu (207.88 µM), salvianolic acid A (1.31 µM), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (91.71 µM), formononetin (67.26 µM), ginsenoside Rd (3.43 µM), ginsenoside Rb1 (26.37 µM) and ginsenoside F1 (18.79 µM) were discovered as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Notably, salvianolic acid A inhibited both acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. The results of molecular docking indicated that hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and Pi-Pi T-shaped interactions were crucial for inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and Pi-Pi stacked interactions were significant in suppressing α-glucosidase. Conclusion: QLQX contains numerous acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, demonstrating its potential therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the analysis and design of a 35-GHz high-gain phase shifter with 360° continuous phase shifting. To enhance the phase shift range, a hybrid π-network realized by combining the electrical tuning through capacitors and magnetic tuning through transformers is developed. The phase shift modules are inserted between the vertically stacking transistors to achieve the embedded phase shifting with the minimum loss. Furthermore, the Gm stages offer additional signal gain to suppress attenuation in the passive phase shifter. The capacitive neutralization technique is utilized to further increase the gain and enhance stability. This prototype, fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS process, demonstrates a 360° continuous phase shift with a maximum gain of 25.6 dB and a minimum noise figure of 4.1 dB. It consumes 26-mW power with a supply voltage of 0.9 V and 1.25 mm × 0.75 mm chip area.

Radioiodination of oligonucleotides provides an extra modality for nucleic acid-based theranostics with potential applications. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a phosphoramidite embedded with a phenolic moiety and demonstrate that oligonucleotides can be readily functionalized with phenol as a precursor by general DNA synthesis. It was identified that the introduction of the precursor does not block the specificity of an aptamer, and the radioiodination is applicable to both DNA and RNA oligonucleotides in a site-specific approach with a commercial kit.

The Late Pliocene marks the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, offering a unique opportunity to study climate evolution and ice-sheet related feedback mechanisms. In this study, we present high-resolution Mg/Ca-based sea surface (SST) and subsurface temperatures (SubT) derived from foraminiferal species Globigerinoides ruber and Globorotalia hirsuta, respectively, at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Project (IODP) Expedition 306 Site U1313 in the midlatitudinal North Atlantic during the early Late Pliocene, 3.65 - 3.37 million years ago (Ma). We find distinct differences between our new G. ruber Mg/Ca-based SST record and previously published alkenone-based SST record from the same location. These discrepancies in both absolute values and variations highlight distinct seasonal influences. The G. ruber Mg/Ca-based SST data, reflecting summer temperatures, were primarily influenced by local summer insolation, showing a dominant precession cycle. Conversely, the variations in alkenone-based SST are found to be more indicative of cold season changes, despite previous interpretations of these records as reflecting annual mean temperatures. A simultaneous decline in Mg/Ca-based SST and SubT records from 3.65 to 3.5 Ma suggests a diminished poleward oceanic heat transport, implying a weakening of the North Atlantic Current. A comparison with early Pleistocene G. ruber Mg/Ca-based SST records shows a shift in the dominant climatic cycle from precession to obliquity, alongside a marked increase in amplitude, indicating an enhanced influence of obliquity cycles correlated with the expansion of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]