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Indonesian brown coal is analyzed using 13C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to obtain the information and parameters of the coal structural unit. A macromolecular structural model of Indonesian brown coal was constructed on the basis of the structural parameters and elemental analysis results. The 13C chemical shift of this model was calculated using the ACD/13C NMR predictor. The results indicate that the aromaticity of Indonesian brown coal is 0.3412, and the structures of aromatic carbon are mainly types of naphthalene and benzene. The ratio of bridge carbon/surrounding carbon is 0.0696. Oxygen in the structural model mainly exists in the form of phenolic hydroxyl oxygen, carboxyl oxygen, and ether oxygen, of which phenolic hydroxyl oxygen and carboxyl oxygen are the most prominent. Nitrogen atom exists in the form of pyridine and pyrrole. The peak of XRD spec...

The pyrolysis characteristics of Shendong Shangwan coal and its macerals concentrate were investigated using thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The evolved gases were analyzed online by MS spectroscopy. The results of TG/DTG (derivative thermogravimetry) show ths vitrinite concentrate has greater weight loss rate and higher volatile yield than the other two samples. More light hydrocarbons C1-C5 are released from the vitrinite concentrate than from the Shendong Shangwan coal and inertinite concentrated in the process of pyrolysis. Three samples have similar shape curves of evolved gases of C2–C5 with different intensities. When the pyrolysis temperature was lower than 418 °C, the amount of C6H6 evolved in the process of pyrolysis of inertinite concentrated was higher than that of raw coal and vitrinite concentrate. As the temperature rising, the production rate of C6H6 increased. Below 672 °C, C6H6 evolution rate of vitrinite concentrate was far greater than the other two samples; the main evolution temperature range of C7H8 was 400 °C to 700 °C for the three samples. The amount of H2 and H2O released first increased and then decreased with the temperature increase while more H2 released for pyrolysis of inertinite concentrated and more H2O released for the pyrolysis of vitrinite concentrate.

A coal slurry mixing tank is a key piece of equipment in the preparation of coal slurry for direct coal liquefaction. It is a gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixing device. Based on the performance of the existing coal slurry mixing equipment, a type of test equipment for horizontal continuous coal slurry preparation was developed, but to this point has limited research results. The test equipment consists of a mixing cylinder, mixer, stirring impeller and other components. Slurry mixing experiments were undertaken using the prototype, testing the performance of the device. A mathematical model was proposed specifically for the operation of a coal slurry mixing tank that is horizontally operated with high slurry concentration and rotary flow. The flow field in the horizontal coal mixing tank was simulated with the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. The experimental results match well with the CFD simulation results. Results show that the test device of a coal slurry mixing tank can be used to model the mixing of pulverized coal and the solvent oil. A strong correlation was obtained.

To explore the effect of modified Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) powder on the gastrointestinal function in mouse models with stomach-cold functional dyspepsia. Meanwhile,the mouse models were administered with Shihu (dendrobium), a traditional Chinese drug with cold nature and flavour, to explore the way via which it exert its effect on specific symptoms. Methods: Mouse models with stomach-cold functional dyspepsia were established by ice water and ice NaOH. The effects of modified Baizhu powder and dendrobium on mice were observed in terms of water intake, weight change,small intestine propulsion rate, intestinal absorption function, and effects on ghrelin and motilin.The modified Baizhu powder effectively increased food intake, water intake, body weight (P0.05) and swimming time (P0.01), increased the small intestine propulsion rate and serum D-xylose content (P0.05), and up-regulated ghrelin (P0.05). Also, it showed a trend to down-regulate the motilin, although the change was not statistically significant (P0.05). In contrast,the use of Shihu aggravated symptoms in the mouse models. Conclusion: The changes in ghrelin and motilin levels may be the neuro-endocrine mechanisms via which the modified Baizhu powder and Shihu exert their effects on mouse models.