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Abstract Background Although there is considerable evidence of a robust correlation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in previous research, the causal link between the two remains a topic of controversy. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal impact of RA on CTS. We obtained aggregate data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of CTS (ebi database and GEO database) and RA (FinnGen database). This study employed five MR analysis methods, with a focus on the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results of this study. Additionally, we performed reverse MR analysis. Results We selected 84 and 78 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with RA from two databases as instrumental variables (IVs), respectively. Our results showed that RA patients have a higher risk of getting CTS regardless of whether the ebi database (IVW, OR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.016–1.075, P = 0.002) or the GEO database (IVW, OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.001–1.002, P = 0.001) is selected for CTS data. However, the MR analysis showed no causal link between CTS and the increased risk of RA (ebi: IVW, OR = 1.084, 95% CI: 0.918–1.279, P = 0.341; GEO: IVW, OR = 1.968, 95% CI: 0.011–360.791, P = 0.799). Conclusion The analysis revealed that RA can increase the risk of CTS, but did not support the causal relationship that CTS can increase the risk of RA.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain fungal species under specific conditions. Research has found that exposure to various fungal toxins can cause embryonic developmental toxicity, such as embryo arrest, abortion, and intrauterine fetal developmental delay. There are no systematic reports on the impact of exposure to fungal toxins during pregnancy on the toxicity of intrauterine fetal development and biological monitoring. Therefore, in order to prevent and reduce the harm of fungal toxins during pregnancy, this paper summarizes the research status of embryonic developmental toxicity, as well as the research status of biological monitoring technologies based on biomarkers such as exposure biomarkers and biomakers of effect, which are caused by traditional fungal toxins such as aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and emerging fungal toxins such as Alternaria toxins, beauverin, and enniatins. The aim of the paper is for construction of the healthy China.

The aim of this study is to enhance the carbonation resistance of fully recycled aggregate concrete through diverse measures in an effort to enhance solid waste disposal, reduce the consumption of natural aggregates, and broaden the utilization of recycled aggregate concrete. Six sets of fully recycled aggregate concrete specimens were prepared and subjected to rapid carbonation tests. Carbonation depth and compressive strength measurements were taken at different ages (3, 7, 14, and 28 days). Subsequent calculations and analyses were conducted on both parameters for each set of specimens. Results indicate that the incorporation of microspheres and high-toughness polypropylene fibers (HTPP) substantially improves the carbonation resistance of fully recycled aggregate concrete, leading to a 48% reduction in carbonation depth by the 28th day. Furthermore, a relative compressive strength model for fully recycled aggregate concrete post-carbonation was established based on the strength data of each specimen group. This model accurately depicts the growth pattern of compressive strength after carbonation. Additionally, a carbonation depth prediction model was developed through fitting analysis of carbonation depth data, effectively foreseeing the depth of carbonation in fully recycled aggregate concrete. Based on the carbonation depth, the carbonation life of fully recycled aggregate concrete was predicted. The carbonation life of recycled aggregate concrete with added microspheres and HTPP fibers can be increased by up to 278%. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the microstructure of fully recycled aggregate concrete, revealing the mechanisms by which various methods enhance its carbonation resistance. The carbonation resistance improvement technology of fully recycled aggregate concrete is selected through this study characteristics such as simplicity, convenience, and cost-effectiveness, which are crucial for the widespread application of recycled aggregate concrete in building structures.

This study delves into the extensive body of research on proverbs in both Chinese and Kazakh languages. Scholars examining Chinese proverbs often approach the categorization and conceptual distinctions from three primary perspectives: 1) proverbs and sayings are grouped under the broader concept of "common sayings"; 2) within the concept of "proverbs," both terms are encompassed under "folk speech"; and 3) in translation, "proverbs" correspond to the Chinese term for proverbs, while "common sayings" align with the concept of proverbs as understood in Kazakh. Our research adopts the third perspective. Additionally, we explore the classification of Chinese expressions known as "歇后语" (Afterwords), which translates into Kazakh as "аллегориялық астарлы сөз" (metaphorical word). Unlike Chinese, where proverbs and proverbs are distinct, Kazakh language sources such as books, collections, and dictionaries often conflate the two, distinguishing proverbs with dashes and writing proverbs as a single unit without commas. Therefore, distinguishing between proverbs, sayings, and metaphors is crucial for accurate translation and understanding in both languages. Keywords: Chinese, Kazakh, proverbs, translation, artistic features, stylistic methods.

Insufficient flexibility is a major barrier to the development of new power systems. Leveraging the resource allocation function of the electricity market is a promising way to enhance the flexibility of power systems and promote the consumption of renewables. The reasonable allocation of ancillary service costs plays a pivotal role in this function. Towards the target of “who causes, who shares,” various research related to cost allocation has been conducted. However, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of the impact of different cost allocation mechanisms on the market participants’ revenues. Whether various cost allocation mechanisms can alleviate the insufficient flexibility problem of power systems needs to be validated. With this in mind, taking operating reserve ancillary services as an example, a long-term market operation simulation model with energy-reserve joint clearing is established in this paper based on the time series production simulation. According to this, the revenues of market participants under different reserve cost allocation mechanisms are quantified. Besides, a self-dispatch model for the energy storage (ES) equipped by renewables is established, based on which the impact of ES on the revenues of renewables under different cost allocation mechanisms is analyzed. Case studies based on practical data from a provincial power grid in China demonstrate that with the well-designed reserve cost allocation mechanism, the revenues of flexible resources can be ensured. Meanwhile, renewables are incentivized to reduce their fluctuations and uncertainties by equipping the ES. Hence, the insufficient flexibility problem of power systems can be alleviated from both supply and requirements perspectives.

Background: In the realm of Chinese medicine, quality control and pharmacodynamics are crucial to ensure the consistency in scaled-up process from the laboratory to commercial operations. This study aims to analyse bioactivity consistency between laboratory observations and commercial processes. Method: The preparation of BPAid (5: 2: 9: 1 for Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR): Pueraria thomsonii (PT): Panax notoginseng (PN): Alisma orientale (AO) was divided into three methods: laboratory-scale maceration (BPAidM), industrial-scale flash extract method (BPAidFE), decoction method (BPAidD). The vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects of the extracts were examined through ex vivo and in vivo studies. The chemical fingerprint of each extract was analysed using tri-step FTIR spectroscopy, and UPLC-MS/MS was used for standard marker quantification. Results: BPAidM exhibited the highest vasodilatory effect, followed by BPAidFE, and BPAidD with EC50 values of 11.25 ± 2.30 mg/mL, 39.23 ± 12.55 mg/mL, 24.33 ± 6.26 mg/mL, and 198.71 ± 127.21 mg/mL: RMAX values of 106.53 ± 7.95%, 82.92 ± 5.22%, 76.35 ± 4.51%, and 60.62 ± 5.7%, respectively. In in vivo antihypertensive studies, all extracts significantly reduced the blood pressure of Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHRs). The tri-step FTIR revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, esters, and saccharides in BPAid extracts. BPAidM contained the highest total standard marker in the UPLC-MS/MS quantification, followed by BPAidFE, and BPAidD. Conclusion: Ultimately, the flash extract technique is recommended to produce BPAid to meet the global demand.

Abstract BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders and generally co-occurs with elevated shame levels. Previous shame-specific interventions could significantly improve outcomes in social anxiety treatments. Recent review suggests that integrating a more direct shame intervention could potentially increase the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy. Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (WCBT) has proven efficacy, sustaining benefits for 6 months to 4 years. Previous evidence indicated that shame predicted the reduction of social anxiety and mediated between engagements in exposure and changes in social anxiety during WCBT. ObjectiveThis study aimed to design a shame intervention component through a longitudinal study and conduct a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a shame intervention component in reducing social anxiety symptoms and shame experience in a clinical sample of people with SAD. MethodsThe development of a shame intervention component was informed by cognitive behavioral principles and insights from longitudinal data that measured the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), the Coping Styles Questionnaire, and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) in 153 participants. The psychoeducation, cognitive construct, and exposure sections were tailored to focus more on shame-related problem-solving and self-blame. A total of 1220 participants were recruited to complete questionnaires, including the ESS, the SIAS, the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), and diagnostic interviews. Following a 2-round screening process, 201 participants with SAD were randomly assigned into a shame WCBT group, a normal WCBT group, and a waiting group. After the 8-week WCBT intervention, the participants were asked to complete posttest evaluations, including the ESS, SIAS and SPS. ResultsParticipants in the shame WCBT group experienced significant reductions in shame levels after the intervention (ESS: P2PP2P2P ConclusionsThis is the first study to design and incorporate a shame intervention component in WCBT and to validate its efficacy via a randomized controlled trial. The shame WCBT group showed a significant reduction in both shame and social anxiety after treatment compared to the normal WCBT and waiting groups. Problem-solving and self-blame mediated the effect of shame on social anxiety. In conclusion, this study supports previous findings that a direct shame-specific intervention component could enhance the efficacy of WCBT.

The rise of climate change concerns and the need to transition to a low-carbon economy has led to a surge in the issuance of green bonds and the development of energy innovation. This study explores the asymmetric green bonds-energy innovation nexus in the top ten nations that issue green bonds. Previously, panel data methods were used to obtain consistent outcomes regarding these variables despite the fact that several economies could not illustrate such a relation individually. However, this research adopts the “Quantile-on-Quantile” approach that can examine time-series dependence in every economy by offering detailed and country-specific characteristics. The outcomes revealed a positive linkage between green bonds and energy innovation in most nations at particular quantiles. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the rank of asymmetries between the variables changes from economy to economy, punctuating the significance of policymakers monitoring modifications in green finance and energy innovation.

BackgroundThe increasing annual global deaths are attributable to noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Adhering to healthy lifestyle behaviors is associated with lower NCD risk, particularly among individuals with ample movement, enough sleep, and reduced sedentariness. Nevertheless, there are only few prospective assessments on the association of interactions between daily activities with NCD prevention, while the associations between adhering to Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HGs) for adults and NCD risks are still unknown. Compared to the general population, obese and overweight populations are at a higher risk of developing NCDs. Currently, it is unclear whether the health benefits of adhering to 24HGs differ between the general population and the obese population. ObjectiveThis study explores prospective associations between adherence to 24HGs and NCD risks by weight status among overweight and obese adults in China. MethodsThis decadal study consists of 9227 adults aged 35 years and older without any major NCDs at enrolment in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004-2011) and followed up until 2015. The exposure of interest was the overall score of compliance with 24HGs measured by participants’ self-report, wherein 1 point was assigned for compliance to each component, resulting in an aggregated score ranging from 0 to 3. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of major NCDs (high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and acute myocardial infarction). Log-binomial regression models were used to evaluate the associations. Results: Overall, 4315 males and 4912 females, with 25,175 person-years of follow-up, were included in our analyses. The average baseline age was 50.21 (SD 11.04) years. Among the overweight and obese groups, those adhering to 1 (risk ratio [RR] 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.74; P=.004), 2 (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.72; P=.003), and 3 (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.73; P=.006) recommendations of 24HGs had a significantly lower NCD risk than those not adhering to any of the activity guidelines. Among the normal or underweight groups, those adhering to 1 (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.96; P=.03) and 3 (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17-0.94; P=.03) components had a significantly lower NCD risk than those not adhering to any of the activity guidelines. ConclusionsIn this prospective study, we found that active adherence to recommendations of 24HGs was associated with lower risks of NCDs, especially among overweight and obese participants. Additionally, overweight and obese individuals who met at least 1 component of 24HGs were at a significantly lower risk for NCDs, but this protective effect was not found among individuals in the normal and underweight groups. Individuals with excess body weight who tend to be more susceptible to health risks may gain greater health benefits than the general population by adhering to the recommendations of 24HGs.

The mixed relational algebra (RA) and linear algebra (LA) pipelines have become increasingly common in recent years. However, contemporary widely used frameworks struggle to support both RA and LA operators effectively, failing to ensure optimal end-to-end performance due to the cost of LA operators and data conversion. This underscores the demand for a system capable of seamlessly integrating RA and LA while delivering robust end-to-end performance. This paper proposes TensorTable, a tensor system that extends PyTorch to enable mixed RA and LA pipelines. We propose TensorTable as the unified data representation, storing data in a tensor format to prioritize the performance of LA operators and reduce data conversion costs. Relational tables from RA, as well as vectors, matrices, and tensors from LA, can be seamlessly converted into TensorTables. Additionally, we provide TensorTable-based implementations for RA operators and build a system that supports mixed LA and RA pipelines. We implement TensorTable on top of PyTorch, achieving comparable performance for both RA and LA operators, particularly on small datasets. TensorTable achieves a 1.15x-5.63x speedup for mixed pipelines, compared with state-of-the-art frameworks—AIDA and RMA.

In contrast to few-layer black phosphorus (BP) with a relatively larger area, BP quantum dots (BP-QDs) are expected to have distinctive electromagnetic response and carrier behaviors, especially in low-frequency range such as in the THz regime. Herein, we experimentally investigate the THz properties of BP-QDs as well as the optical control of these properties. It is demonstrated that the effects of weak carrier confinement, which is associated with diffusive restoring current in each BP-QD, contribute significantly to the effective THz conductivity of BP-QDs. Instead, spectral features of discretely spaced energy levels as shown for many kinds of semiconductor QDs in UV-visible range are not observed in the THz regime. This indicates an insignificant contribution of strong quantum confinement here. Based on the modified Drude–Smith formula, we show that the optical excitation/pump of a CW laser can induce photogenerated carriers and enhance the effects of weak carrier confinement in BP-QDs. Thus, a nonlinear enhancement of THz absorption can be observed by increasing the power of the excitation laser. These results not only deepen our understanding of the fundamental physics of BP nanomaterials but also provide an alternative approach to realize active control of BP-based THz devices.

Objective: Establish a high throughput method for the determination of 57 organic pollutants in edible vegetable oil. Methods: The target compounds were extracted by acetonitrile-hexane solution and purified by disperse solid phase extraction and solid phase extraction, after that the contents of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 17 phthalates, 8 organochlorines and 16 polychlorinated biphenyls in edible oil were detected by gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Results: All target components had an excellent linearity within the linear range of 0.001~0.1 μg/mL （r2＞0.998）, and the limits of detection was between 0.16~2.0 μg/kg, meanwhile the average recovery rate of matrix addition was between 71.0%~119.5%, and the relative standard deviation was below 12.6% （n=6）. Furthermore, the method was used to analyze 24 baches of edible oils, and 25 types of target substances were founded. Conclusion: This method is high efficiency, accuracy, high sensitivity, which has great significance for the monitoring of persistent organic pollutants and phthalates in edible oil.

Abstract Remote monitoring systems has emerged to automate public services, where Internet of Things (IoT) devices are deployed to collect and relay streams of status updates to a remote control centre. The freshness of collected data is of critical importance to system performance, which can be quantified by the concept of age of information (AoI). To obtain timely perception of the monitored area, each sensor tends to sample status updates at the maximum frequency, which may lead to device drop‐outs due to limited battery capacity. Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is considered as a promising technology to prolong network lifetime. In this paper, a SWIPT‐enabled two‐hop relay network, where a relay node uses power splitting protocol to assist data transmissions from multiple source nodes to the destination is considered. The impact of power splitting coefficients, data arrival pattern and time‐varying channel conditions on the averaged age performance and expected lifetime of the system is theoretically analysed. Moreover, a lightweight relay strategy which selectively forward packets based on a reward function consisting of energy level at relay node and expected age reduction is developed. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy outperforms existing schemes in collecting status updates in a timely and energy‐efficient manner.

Objective: For enhancing the flavor characteristics and nutritional value of crayfish balls, and enriching the diversity of crayfish processed products. Methods: Determined the process of preparing the enzymatic hydrolysate from crayfish shell using compound enzymatic by single-factor and orthogonal array design. The nutritional quality of crayfish whole balls containing enzyme hydrolysate lyophilized powder and crayfish meat was analyzed. Results: The optimum condition for the preparation of crayfish shells enzymatic hydrolysate solution showed that 1 g crayfish shells powder with 0.5 mL of lactic acid was pretreated at 60 ℃ for 40 min. The dosage of compound enzymatic （papain and flavor protease mass ratio was 3∶1） was 5% （mass fraction）, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 60 ℃, time was 4 h, and solid/liquid ratio was 1∶100 （g/mL）, and the protein extraction efficiency in the enzymatic hydrolysis was 64.69%. The content of heavy metals in enzyme hydrolysate lyophilized powder was in line with the limit of heavy metals in aquatic products, and contains calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium and other macro and trace elements required by the human body. Its composition analysis showed that the enzymatic hydrolysate lyophilized powder had a certain nutritional value, which could increase the fresh flavor of the food and met the safety standards. The nutrition and texture analysis of crayfish balls showed that the crayfish whole balls had high protein content, rich in a variety of amino acids, comprehensive in nutrition, unique flavor, and with good viscoelasticity and chewiness. Conclusion: The crayfish whole balls added with crayfish shell enzyme hydrolysate lyophilized powder and crayfish meat have a certain nutritional value, which enriches the variety of crayfish ready-to-eat products, improves the utilization rate of whole crayfish.

Abstract Background For adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they experience many challenges in dietary decision‐making. Thus, this study examined the perspective and experiences of adults with IBD in dietary decision‐making. Objective This study aimed to explore the perception and consideration of people with IBD in their daily dietary decisions through monitoring, interpretation and action during the decision‐making process. Design A qualitative study of individuals affected by IBD was conducted through semistructured interviews. Results Twenty patients were recruited from four tertiary hospitals in Nanjing, China, and each participant completed a semistructured interview. The majority of participants reported on the process and experience of dietary decision‐making. Key themes were categorised into three stages: (1) assessing needs, preferences and food cues (monitor); (2) moving from experience to expertise (interpret) and (3) balancing expectations amidst limitations (act). The majority of participants reported that their decisions were shaped by assessing current disease status and food cues. Those interviewed with IBD were willing to make tradeoffs for bowel stability, but their decisions were also influenced by past dietary experiences and traditional Chinese beliefs. The lack of awareness of dietary guidelines was a significant barrier to healthy eating decisions. Positive or negative feelings accompanied dietary decisions. Conclusion Although most people with IBD change their diet after diagnosis, the changes made are often inconsistent with existing dietary recommendations. Several factors can influence the dietary decision‐making process. This study will help assess the experiences of people with IBD in dietary decision‐making to encourage the formation of targeted dietary health and well‐being interventions. Knowledge of nutrition and diet should be provided in education and training programmes for IBD management. Patient or Public Contribution The first three authors of this paper were the lead researchers in this study's design. These authors were mentored by patient researchers who also contributed to the manuscript, and the research process was co‐lead and directed by other patient participants and consultants. The results of this paper were directly obtained from patient participants.

The first part of this paper investigates the implementation process of the Adaboost regression algorithm, initializes the training set weights to obtain the weak learner, and builds the final strong learner. Then, we explore the treatment of corporate financial management concept drift by assigning variance weights to financial data samples according to their temporal proximity to solve the problem of financial concept drift. Then, an optimized AdaBoost-SVM model is constructed to initialize the sample weights according to time and sample category, calculate the classification error, and build a weak classifier and a decision classifier based on the samples. Finally, the company's financial management costs, personnel, and model prediction accuracy were analyzed. The model predicts financial distress with a 78% accuracy, financial insolvency with a 93% accuracy, and financial normalcy with a 90% accuracy. This confirms the feasibility of this paper's methodology for corporate financial management.

Background & Aims: Current antiviral drugs, including nucleoside analogs and interferon, fail to eliminate the HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as a transcript template in infected hepatocytes. Silencing the HBV X protein, which plays a crucial role in cccDNA transcription, is a promising approach to inhibit HBV replication. Therefore, the identification of novel compounds that can inhibit HBx-mediated cccDNA transcription is critical. Methods: Initially, a compound library consisting of 715 monomers derived from traditional Chinese medicines known for their liver-protecting properties was established. Then, MTT assays were used to determine the cytotoxicity of each compound. The effect of candidates on Flag-HBx expression was examined by real-time PCR and western blotting in Flag-HBx transfected HepG2-NTCP cells. Ultimately, the antiviral effect of gambogic acid (GA) on HBV was observed in HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells. Mechanistically, the functional role of DTX1 in GA-induced HBV inhibition was examined using RNA-seq. Finally, the antiviral effect of GA was estimated in vivo. Results: Gambogic acid (GA), a natural bioactive compound with a myriad of biological activities, markedly reduced Flag-HBx expression. Potent and dose-dependent reductions in extracellular HBV RNAs, HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg and HBc protein were discovered three days after GA treatment in HBV-infected cells, accompanied by the absence of significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our research revealed that GA exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of HBx expression, which is a pleiotropic protein required for HBV infection in vivo. We explored the mechanisms underlying GA-mediated inhibition of HBV and confirmed that this inhibition is accomplished by upregulating the expression of the DTX1 gene and boosting the Notch signaling pathway. Finally, the inhibitory effect of GA on HBV replication was tested in vivo using a mouse model of hepatitis B virus recombinant cccDNA. Conclusions: Herein, we discovered GA, which is a natural bioactive compound that targets HBx to inhibit hepatitis B virus replication by activating the DTX1-Notch signaling pathway.

A network perspective may shed light on the understanding of Internet-based CBT efficacy for social anxiety disorder. Previous cross-sectional evidence revealed a densely interconnected network for individuals with social anxiety. Yet, longitudinal network changes before and after ICBT are lacking. This study aimed to investigate pathological network changes with Graphical Gaussian Model among patients with social anxiety disorder (n = 249). Social phobia scale (SPS) and Social interaction anxiety scale (SIAS) were measured before and after 8 weeks Internet-based CBT. Results revealed the connection between symptom tension when speaking and symptom awkward when being watched was the most robust edges during ICBT interventions. The pathological network benefited from ICBT and exhibited modification in several prominent interconnections. The overall network connectivity continues to exhibit comparable strength after ICBT. This study represents the first examination of social anxiety network changes after patients with SAD completed a systematic ICBT. Changes in critical edges and nodes provide valuable insights for the design and efficacy assessment of ICBT interventions.

Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) often develop drug resistance after treatment with enzalutamide. The goal of our study was to identify the key genes related to enzalutamide resistance in CRPC and to provide new gene targets for future research on improving the efficacy of enzalutamide. Differential expression genes (DEGs) associated with enzalutamide were obtained from the GSE151083 and GSE150807 datasets. We used R software, the DAVID database, protein–protein interaction networks, the Cytoscape program, and Gene Set Cancer Analysis for data analysis. The effect of RAD51 knockdown on prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines was demonstrated using Cell Counting Kit-8, clone formation, and transwell migration experiments. Six hub genes with prognostic values were screened (RAD51, BLM, DTL, RFC2, APOE, and EXO1), which were significantly associated with immune cell infiltration in PCa. High RAD51, BLM, EXO1, and RFC2 expression was associated with androgen receptor signaling pathway activation. Except for APOE, high expression of hub genes showed a significant negative correlation with the IC50 of Navitoclax and NPK76-II-72-1. RAD51 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of PC3 and DU145 cell lines and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, 22Rv1 cell proliferation was more significantly inhibited with RAD51 knockdown than without RAD51 knockdown under enzalutamide treatment. Overall, six key genes associated with enzalutamide resistance were screened (RAD51, BLM, DTL, RFC2, APOE, and EXO1), which are potential therapeutic targets for enzalutamide-resistant PCa in the future.

Abstract This paper looks at the role of English in Brunei and the sociocultural structure of Bahasa/language in Brunei Darussalam. The aim of this research is to critically analyse sociocultural theory from Vygotsky’s “peak psychology” approach and understand depth-knowledge of sociocultural theory from other scholars’ perspectives. The scholars’ views on education, language and sociocultural importance-related topics have been analysed by Barry, Goode, Jones, Haji-Othman, Sharbawi and Gardiner. These scholars’ ideas give a better understanding of the sociocultural importance of Bruneian’s individual development. For this research, a qualitative method applies and collected data is critically analysed in detail. This research has the potential to discuss the link between language evolution and Bruneian sociocultural development. The “Citizenship Acts 1961” is relevant to discuss the theoretical concepts like, ‘nationality’ and ‘ethnic identification’ from the Bruneian context. To put it in a nutshell, the ratification of “Melayu Islam Beraja” or “Malay Islamic Monarchy” and the impact of linguistic diversity in Brunei consist of a Bruneian identity. In bilingual education policy, Bahasa Melayu and English have a major role in the child development. Although a balance of regional languages and English is essential to maintain the “Bruneian” identity. Brunei is a small country but it is diverse, multilingual and multicultural.

In order to explore the corrosion mechanism of galvanized Al-Mg steel plate coated with chromium-free passive solution and anti-rust oil in the transportation environment，XPS and EDS were used to analyze the element differences in the color-difference zone.The microstructure of chromium-free passive film of the galvanized sheet before and after corrosion was investigated by atomic force microscope.Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the curing mechanism and protection process of coated chromium-free passivator.Results showed that the reaction between the components of antirust oil and passive film affected the antirust performance of the coating film.Raman spectrum revealed that the cured plate could be cured more completely by increasing the temperature to 90 ℃，and the anti-rust ability was obviously enhanced.

The stored grain can be regarded as a complex ecosystem, which exist a complex multi-field coupling interaction among the abiotic factors, the biotic factors, and the surrounding environment. In this system, only a few parameters such as temperature can be accurately detected, which causes the system to operate like a “black box” to the outside world. To truly and accurately detect various grain pile parameters, and further study the multi-field coupling interaction in grain piles, a graphical detection system for multi-filed interaction in grain storage based on NMR has been developed. The system consists of an NMR imaging analyzer, a test grain bin, and a data acquisition and processing system, which can accurately detect the grain pile temperature, humidity, and moisture simultaneously, and intuitively and vividly present the cloud map of the temperature field, humidity field, and moisture field in the grain pile through the cloud map drawing software. In this system, the NMR imaging technology was applied to the research field of multi-field coupling interaction in grain piles for the first time, which can provide a new technical means to find out the complex coupling relationship of stored grain ecosystem and further confirm the correctness of relevant theoretical research. The development of this system will be helpful in deepening the theory of multi-field coupling and biological field of grain piles, developed by the industry.

Abstract Electric‐field regulation of magnetic properties in perovskite manganites has attracted much attention for its potential in spintronics. For antiferromagnetic perovskite manganites, fewer studies are reported due to technological difficulties in probing their magnetic properties. Here, negative exchange bias (EB) is realized in epitaxial antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic manganite bilayers with atomically flat interfaces. The low‐voltage pulse modulation of EB is demonstrated using the field‐effect device geometry with the ferroelectric copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene as a dielectric gating layer, antiferromagnetic La0.35Sr0.65MnO3 (AF‐LSMO) as pinning layer, and ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (FM‐LSMO) as conduction channel. Instead of using non‐volatile polarizations to control the EB, volatile polarizations in ferroelectric field effect transistors are suggested to be capable of modulating the EB. With high‐resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy, the non‐volatile regulation of EB is attributed to the creation/annihilation of oxygen vacancies in the AF‐LSMO layer via low‐voltage pulses. This study reveals the effect of volatile electric polarizations in ferroelectric field effect devices and highlights the potential for low‐voltage pulse control of the physical properties in antiferromagnetic perovskite oxide insulators.

Abstract Since the 1990s, the emphasis on intelligibility as a goal in pronunciation teaching rather than near-native or nativelike competence has been reinforced by the increasing use of English as a lingua franca. The insight of the intelligibility principle has greatly impressed researchers in China’s English education, but has “very limited and weak” impacts on English pronunciation teaching and learning in China. English education in China has been systematically conducted from schools to universities under the direction of national syllabi and curriculum standards issued by the Ministry of Education. Using the documentary research method, this paper, the first try of its kind, takes a historical look at China’s national syllabi and curriculum standards for schools issued after 1949, focusing on the conception of the nature and the role of pronunciation and pronunciation teaching, pronunciation goals, teacher’s role, as well as requirements or suggestions about what to teach and how to teach. By tracing the process of developments in pronunciation teaching notions and principles that were and/or are officially advocated in China, the paper reveals two important facts. First, the English national syllabi and curriculum standards have encompassed both the nativeness principle and the intelligibility principle, though implicitly giving dominance to the former one, which in part accounts for the favor for the nativeness principle in formal English education, especially in schools, in China. Second, with the notion of English as a lingua franca adopted in the syllabi and curriculum standards, the intelligibility principle has been gaining more and more weight. Consequently, by elaborating that the two principles are by nature not incompatible, it is proposed that the current curriculum standards go further to take balanced attitudes towards the two principles so as to lead Chinese English teachers and students to set more realistic and instrumental-pragmatic pronunciation goals in line with varying English learning purposes. The findings and the proposal could be adopted by teachers and learners so as to change the school reality and may shed light on future relevant revisions of the current national English curriculum standards, teaching material development, teacher training, and pronunciation teaching methodology research.

5α-reductase 2 deficiency prevents testosterone from being converted to dihydrotestosterone, which causes abnormal urogenital sinus development. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between genotype–phenotype, surgical selections, and postoperative complications of 5α-reductase 2-deficient patients with hypospadias. We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with 5α-reductase 2 deficiency after genetic testing in the Department of Endocrinology and underwent initial hypospadias surgery in the Department of Urology in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China), from April 2007 to December 2021. A total of 69 patients were included in this study; the mean age at surgery was 34.1 months, and the average follow-up time was 54.1 months. Sixty children were treated with preoperative hormone stimulation (PHS) to promote penile growth. The average penis length and glans width were increased by 1.46 cm and 0.62 cm, respectively. The most frequent mutations were p.R227Q (39.1%, 54/138), p.Q6* (15.2%, 21/138), p.G203S (12.3%, 17/138), and p.R246Q (11.6%, 16/138). In 64 patients who were followed up, 43 had a one-stage operation and 21 had a staged operation, and there were significant differences in external masculinization score (EMS) (P = 0.008) and the average number of operation required to cure (P < 0.001) between one-stage and staged operations. PHS had a positive effect (P < 0.001) on penile development. The p.R227Q mutation was associated with higher EMS and less severe hypospadias. One-stage surgery can be selected if conditions permit. The growth and development of children are acceptable in the long term, but penis growth remains unsatisfactory. Long-term complications of hypospadias should be considered during puberty.

Green development of the agricultural whole industry chain (AWIC) is vital for enhancing agricultural products’competitiveness and increasing added value of the industry; it is also inevitable for improving resource utilization efficiency and ensuring sustainable economic growth. In this study, we define the concept of AWIC green development and analyze its characteristics based on existing theories of AWIC and agriculture green development. We analyze the AWIC development status, major challenges, and feasible pathways in China. Our study shows that critical dilemmas regarding the AWIC green transformation include insufficient systematic design, short industrial chain, difficulty in participation of small- and medium-sized entities, low resource utilization efficiency, lack of value-added effect, and lack of ecological synergy. The AWIC green transformation and policy support are essential in elevating values for the whole industry chain. The major pathways for AWIC green development include internal circulation integration, horizontal expansion, vertical element integration, and cross-industrial integration. We suggest that China should strengthen top-level design, boost innovation, expand ecological advantages, improve supervision services of the whole industry, and explore benefit coupling mechanisms. These measures can complete the industrial layout, optimize the product value transformation system, and promote the AWIC green development.

Objective: Improve the quality and efficiency of fruit quality sorting and reduce labor costs. Methods: A fruit quality sorting machine is designed to detect and sort for fruit quality. The sorting machine uses STC8A8K64S4A12 as the slave computer and uses Jetson Xavier NX as the master computer. The sorting machine can achieve the detection and sorting of the fruit on damage and sugar content by artificial intelligence. Results: The accuracy, resolution of sugar degree and speed of the sorter for detecting fruit were 99%, 0.1% and 7 200 h-1, respectively. Conclusion: The device can not only avoid fruit damage and fruit drop caused by mechanical equipment, but also has a simple operation and friendly interface. The designed equipment can meet the requirement of fruit quality sorting.

In this review, the clarification and decolorization of sugar solution in the process of sugar production was summarized. The research status of various clarification and decolorization techniques such as adsorption, oxidation and filtration in sugar production process and the deficiencies of existing methods in production and popularization, were compared and introduced. In addition, the research direction of the clarification technology in sugar industry was discussed.

This paper sketched the basic principles of ceramic materials radioactivity measurement and mathematical calculation formula of testing time. When the sample measurement conditions and the way of data analysis are constant, using sodium iodide gamma spectrometer for getting the radioactive spectra data of 5 groups of samples. In condition of the background count time tb or sample measurement time ts increasing gradually, study the radioactivity specific activity measurement error range of all samples. It is derived when the background count rate of nb and sample counting rate ns is constant, the measurement error ν2 and the sum of reciprocal of the background count time tb and reciprocal of the sample measuring time ts for approximately linear positive correlation. The measurement error of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K radioactive specific activity of different ceramic samples presents the corresponding fluctuations as their initial energy spectrum count rate differences. This study for coordination of the contradiction between ceramic materials radioactive measurement time and the uncertainty has certainly theoretical and practical value.

Background: Whether proximal gastrectomy (PG) can be applied to patients with proximal advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the oncological safety of PG for proximal AGC in this study. Methods: 452 patients undergoing surgery for proximal AGC in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled in this study. 329 patients with AGC were finally analyzed, of which 254 patients underwent total gastrectomy (TG) and 75 patients underwent PG. We used propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis to reduce biases. Results: After PSM, 67 patients with proximal AGC were included in the PG group and TG group, respectively. The estimated 5-year OS rates for TG and PG group after PSM were 64.3% and 74.9%, respectively, and no significant difference in OS existed between the two groups (p = 0.275). Multivariate analysis showed that PG was not an independent prognostic factor. Incidence of metastasis in No.5 or 6 lymph node (LN) station was significantly higher in the patients with pathological T4 and Borrmann III tumors (9.9% and 10.6%) than those with pathological T2/3 and Borrmann I/II tumors (2.2% and 3.3%). No metastasis was observed in No.5 or 6 LN station in patients with pathological T2/3 tumors or Borrmann I/II tumors when tumor size was ≤4 cm. Conclusions: PG is a reasonable choice for patients with selected proximal AGC, especially for those with tumors of size ≤4 cm, Borrmann type I/II, and pathological T2/3. Future prospective randomized trials should be conducted first in patients with these specific proximal tumors.

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the determination conditions of pantothenic acid content in infant milk powder by microbiological method and provide test data for the subsequent revision of the national standard method for pantothenic acid detection. Methods: The issues covering the determination of pantothenic acid by the national standard method were analyzed, and the key steps in the detection process, including bacterial solution preparation, pretreatment, and absorbance determination, were emphatically studied. Results: Lactobacillus plantarum from ATCC and CICC can be used to determine pantothenic acid. The best results were obtained by directly inoculating 80% bacterial solution concentration into the test tube, or adding 5 mL bacterial solution to 400 mL sterilization test medium. The results of direct extraction were higher than that of hydrolysis. The relative deviation of enzymole-plate and UV spectrophotometry was less than 5%. The recovery rate was 96.9%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 4.95%. Conclusion: The optimization of the key steps in the determination of pantothenic acid by microbiological method can simplify the operation process and improve the accuracy of the samples, and the optimized conditions can be used as a reference for the subsequent revision of the National standard method for pantothenic acid determination.

Abstract Native speakers of English have a strong preference for transferred negation as opposed to non-transferred negation. The present study aims to examine whether young Chinese-speaking ESL learners have a target-like preference for transferred negation and whether they have a system-wide representation of transferred negation in their early English development. Based on the corpora compiled with longitudinal data of a Chinese-speaking child learning English as a second language, the present study analyzed the child’s collocation of matrix verbs with transferred negation and non-transferred negation, the distribution of matrix verbs in transferred negation, and the distribution of negation types in terms of different matrix verbs. The findings show that the verb THINK predominates the matrix verbs of the child’s transferred negation. The imbalanced distribution of matrix verbs in his transferred negation is related to the skewed input of verbs. In sentences with the matrix verb THINK, the child has a target-like preference for transferred negation as opposed to non-transferred negation. However, he does not show a target-like preference for transferred negation in sentences with the matrix verb LOOK LIKE. Hence, we argue that young ESL learners’ generalizations about constructions are focused around particular verbs that occur frequently in those constructions. Young ESL learners do not have an abstract system-wide representation at the earliest stage of second language acquisition. Instead, their ESL acquisition is based on specific verbs.

Objective: In order to increase the added value of crayfish by-products. Methods: With chromatographic peaks and peak areas as the inspection indicators, the optimization on equilibrium time, addition of sodium chloride, extraction time and extraction temperature were optimized, and the composition of volatile flavor compounds was analyzed. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were equilibrium time 0 min, extraction temperature 75 ℃, extraction time 50 min, addition of sodium chloride 30% with 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS solid phase microextraction head. Under these conditions, a total of 34 volatile flavor compounds, including 5 alcohols, 12 aldehydes, 5 alkanes, 5 aromatic, 5 heterocyclic compounds and 2 esters, were detected in the crayfish boiled liquid. The total peak area was 5.54×108, and the comprehensive score was 95.47. The relative error between the experimental results and the predicted value was 4.53%. Conclusion: The 34 volatile flavor compounds can be extracted from the crayfish boiled liquid by headspace solid phase microextraction.

Background/Objectives: The definition of physical literacy (PL) needs to be explored by researchers from educational, public health, and sports organisations in Chinese culture; an adequate definition and theoretical framework of PL can then be embraced within different contexts and according to cultural influences. Methods: This meta-narrative synthesis of literature in this area included a series of planning, search, mapping, appraisal, synthesis, and recommendation phases. The literature was translated into English and circulated among international experts to seek suggestions. A total of 74 articles were included in the PL definition synthesis and 28 were included for philosophical synthesis in this study. Results: Based on three rounds of discussions, the final agreement was reached among panel members regarding the defining statements and practical and theoretical models of PL in Chinese culture. According to consensus, PL is the integration of physical, perceptual, cognitive, psychological, and behavioural capabilities, echoing with the need for an active, healthy, and fulfilling lifestyle, which involves continuous positive interactions with the environment and embodied engagement in physical activities for life. The framework addressed five domains (physical, sensory-perceptual, cognitive, psychological, and behavioural) and one important overlapping factor (dynamic environment). A further explanation was provided in the defining statement to assist in understanding the concept. Conclusion: It is suggested that the cultural interpretation and historical background of PL in Chinese discourse should be addressed and respected. The development of a specific cultural definition statement of PL in one country could provide implications for PL researchers worldwide.

Abstract Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has benefited quite a lot from Construction Grammar. Most of the previous SLA researches adopting a constructionist approach have been primarily engaged in issues pertinent to the relevance of construction in SLA, the process of second language (L2) construction learning, and factors affecting L2 construction learning. This paper distinguishes itself from previous research by embarking on a new direction in the constructionist approach to SLA from the perspective of the constructional network. Specifically, it deals with how constructional network works in SLA and argues that L2 constructional network bears the imprint of and is reconstructed from L2 learners’ L1 constructional network. The constructional network works in SLA in at least two ways which are manifested in the motivating function of vertical links in L2 learners’ acquisition of schematic and complex constructions and the facilitative or inhibitive effect of horizontal links in L2 construction learning. Admittedly, our description of how the constructional network works in SLA is precursory and nonexclusive, and some general and specific issues are raised for future research.

In order to increase the wear resistance of copper alloy for architectural decoration, the effects of hard phase TiN concentration and heat treatment on the microstructure, phase composition, hardness and wear resistance of Ni-P electroless coating on copper alloy were studied. Results showed that the decorative copper alloy substrate was mainly composed of CuZn phase and CuZn5 phase, and the amorphous steamed bread peak of Ni and diffraction peak of CuZn could be seen on the surface of electroless coating. The microhardness of the electroless coating was higher than that of copper alloy substrate, and the microhardness of the electroless coating increased with the increase of TiN concentration. When the concentration of TiN was 3～11 g/L, the wear rate of the electroless coating was lower than that of the copper alloy substrate, the wear rate of the electroless coating was the lowest [1.15×10-8 g/(r·N)] when the TiN concentration was 7 g/L, and the wear mechanism was oxidation wear. After the heat treatment at 300～ 600 ℃, the electroless Cu-P-TiN coating was crystallized and formed Ni and Ni3P phases. With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the microhardness of the electroless coating first increased and then decreased, and the wear rate first decreased and then increased. When the heat treatment temperature was 400 ℃, the maximum hardness and minimum wear rate were obtained, indicated that the heat treatment would be helpful to improve the wear resistance of the electroless coating.

Objective To explore the value of preoperative LAR combined with AFP in evaluating the prognosis of patients with HCC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 106 patients with HCC. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve. Univariate analysis was used to analyze possible variables affecting LAR. Cox risk regression model was used to evaluate the clinical value of preoperative LAR and AFP on the prognosis of HCC patients. Results The DFS and OS of the high LAR group and the high AFP group were shorter than those of the low LAR group and the low AFP group (P < 0.05). LAR≥4.58, AFP≥400μg/L and T3-T4 were independent risk factors affecting DFS and OS of HCC patients (P < 0.05). Postoperative interventional surgery was an independent factor influencing OS prolongation (P < 0.05). The DFS and OS were the shortest in the high LAR and high AFP group, and the DFS and OS were the longest in the low LAR and low AFP group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative LAR and AFP are independent poor prognostic factors of HCC. Preoperative LAR combined with AFP has a certain value in judging the prognosis of HCC patients.

The increasing demand of mobile network communication bandwidth requires more information in the limited bandwidth. In this paper, a novel bidirectional transmission system architecture based on Radio over Fiber Passive Optical Network (RoF-PON) system and Power over Fiber (PWoF) system is proposed, and the transmission performance of the hybrid system is investigated in simulation. In RoF-based mobile networks, the use of PWoF realizes the centralize power in Central Office(CO), providing a more cost effective installation method for communication networks, as well as ease of operation and maintenance. The simulation results of the system verify the reliability and feasibility of the system, which proves that the hybrid transmission system of PWoF and RoF-PON can realize the bidirectional transmission of energy and wireless signals.

BackgroundDespite accumulating evidence of the long-term impacts of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), few studies have investigated the association between CSA and early sexual debut among adolescents. In this study, we examine the relationship between CSA and early initiation of sexual intercourse among Chinese youth, and the role of school-based sex education in this association, based on a nationally representative survey.MethodsData were collected from the Survey of Youth Access to Reproductive Health in China (YARHC) conducted in 2009. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between CSA experience and early sexual debut, and the interaction terms between sexual and reproductive health education and CSA were included to examine the role of education in the association between CSA and early sexual debut.ResultsAmong 4,907 sexually experienced youth, 1,062 (21.6%) made their early sexual debut. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, it was found that CSA experience was significantly associated with early sexual debut, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.13 (95% CI: 1.67–5.87). Receiving any type of sexuality education (reproductive health, sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV prevention, or contraception use) was not associated with a decreased risk of early sexual debut.ConclusionOur results indicate a greater risk of early sexual debut among Chinese adolescents with a history of CSA, and only 46.7% sexually experienced youth had received prior sex education, which suggested an inadequacy of school-based sexuality education. To reduce this risk, targeted intervention with timely and adequate sexuality education for both early starters of sexual intercourse and CSA victims is warranted in China.

Chrysin, a bioflavonoid belonging to the flavone, occurs naturally in plants such as the passionflower, honey and propolis. Few studies have demonstrated that chrysin can promote vasorelaxant activities in rats' aorta and mesenteric arteries. To date, no research has explored the signalling system routes that chrysin may utilise to produce its vasorelaxant action. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in chrysin-induced vasorelaxant in rats' aortic rings and assess the antihypertensive effect of chrysin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The findings revealed that chrysin utilised both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. The presence of L-NAME (endothelial NO synthase inhibitor), ODQ (sGC inhibitor), methylene blue (cGMP lowering agent), 4-AP (voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitor), atropine (muscarinic receptors inhibitor) and propranolol (β-adrenergic receptors inhibitor) significantly reduced the chrysin's vasorelaxant action. Furthermore, chrysin can reduce intracellular Ca2+ levels by limiting the extracellular intake of Ca2+ through voltage-operated calcium channels and blocking the intracellular release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the IP3 receptor. These indicate that chrysin-induced vasorelaxants involved NO/sGC/cGMP signalling cascade, muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors, also the potassium and calcium channels. Although chrysin had vasorelaxant effects in in vitro studies, the in vivo antihypertensive experiment discovered chrysin does not significantly reduce the blood pressure of SHRs following 21 days of oral treatment. This study proved that chrysin utilised multiple signalling pathways to produce its vasorelaxant effect in the thoracic aorta of rats; however, it had no antihypertensive effect on SHRs.

The effects of common cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber （BR）, BR prepared from neodymium catalyst system and carbon black modified BR on sidewall compound properties were investigated by adding different BR to sidewall compound of passenger car radial tire. The results showed that the carbon black modified BR had higher Mooney viscosity, shorter scorch time, longer curing time, and higher minimum and maximum torque. The modulus, tensile strength and rebound resilience of the vulcanizate increased, while loss factor at 60 ℃ decreased. The rolling resistance of the finished tire was reduced.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a method for quick determination of 3 kinds ofmethylimidazole compounds in food flavor. Methods: The food flavor was extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid solution and purified with PCX mixed cationic solid phase extraction column. Finally, the qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and internal standard method. Results: The linear relationship between the three methyl imidazole compounds was good in the range of 5.0~400.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient R2≥0.997. The limits of detection were 0.030~0.450 μg/kg and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.10~1.50 μg/kg. The recoveries of three methylimidazole ranged from 82.8% to 111.7%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDS) ranged from 1.3% to 9.3%. Conclusion: The method is simple, efficient and accurate, and can be used for the quantitative determination of 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole in food flavor.

Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in animals, and SDZ residues in food can be harmful to human health. As a result, an aptasensor based on silica nanoparticles was developed for the rapid detection of SDZ. An aptamer that specifically binds to SDZ was obtained using graphene oxide-SELEX and further truncated to a 13 nt sequence (SDZ30-1:5′-AACCCAATGGGAT-3′), which has a high affinity (Kd = 65.72 nM). In addition, it was found by molecular simulation that a steric hindrance could prevent the target molecule from entering the binding pocket formed by the key base “TGG”, which affects the total binding free energy of SDZ30-1 and the target molecule, thereby affecting the affinity of SDZ30-1 to the target. The SDZ30-1 was selected as the fluorescent probe to establish an aptasensor for the detection of SDZ residues in milk and honey. The aptasensor exhibited a wide dynamic linear range (3.125 – 100 ng/mL) and a limit of detection (LOD = 1.68 ng/mL). The aptasensor in spiked samples recovered at a rate of 95.12 – 105.47%, with a coefficient of variation of less than 13.18 %. The results of aptasensor were positively correlated with those of HPLC (R2 > 0.8687). Based on the above results, it could be inferred that the aptasensor can be used sensitively and rapidly for the detection of SDZ residues in edible tissue.

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic material has become the most promising third-generation semiconductor material for its excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature. However, SiC ceramic machining has serious tool wear, low machining efficiency, poor machining quality and other disadvantages due to its high hardness and high wear resistance, which limits the promotion and application of such materials. In this paper, comparison experiments of longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibration grinding (LTUVG) and common grinding (CG) of SiC ceramics were conducted, and the longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibration grinding SiC ceramics cutting force model was developed. In addition, the effects of ultrasonic machining parameters on cutting forces, machining quality and subsurface cracking were investigated, and the main factors and optimal parameters affecting the cutting force improvement rate were obtained by orthogonal tests. The results showed that the maximum improvement of cutting force, surface roughness and subsurface crack fracture depth by longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibrations were 82.59%, 22.78% and 30.75%, respectively. A longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibrations cutting force prediction model containing the parameters of tool, material properties and ultrasound was established by the removal characteristics of SiC ceramic material, ultrasonic grinding principle and brittle fracture theory. And the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the maximum error was less than 15%. The optimum process parameters for cutting force reduction were a spindle speed of 22,000 rpm, a feed rate of 600 mm/min and a depth of cut of 0.011 mm.