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Objective: To evaluate the value of an integrated model incorporating deep learning (DL), hand-crafted radiomics and clinical and US imaging features for diagnosing central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 613 patients with clinicopathologically confirmed PTC from two institutions. The DL model and hand-crafted radiomics model were developed using primary lesion images and then integrated with clinical and US features selected by multivariate analysis to generate an integrated model. The performance was compared with junior and senior radiologists on the independent test set. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) plot and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) were used for the visualized explanation of the model. Results: The integrated model yielded the best performance with an AUC of 0.841. surpassing that of the hand-crafted radiomics model (0.706, p < 0.001) and the DL model (0.819, p = 0.26). Compared to junior and senior radiologists, the integrated model reduced the missed CLNM rate from 57.89% and 44.74–27.63%, and decreased the rate of unnecessary central lymph node dissection (CLND) from 29.87% and 27.27–18.18%, respectively. SHAP analysis revealed that the DL features played a primary role in the diagnosis of CLNM, while clinical and US features (such as extrathyroidal extension, tumour size, age, gender, and multifocality) provided additional support. Grad-CAM indicated that the model exhibited a stronger focus on thyroid capsule in patients with CLNM. Conclusion: Integrated model can effectively decrease the incidence of missed CLNM and unnecessary CLND. The application of the integrated model can help improve the acceptance of AI-assisted US diagnosis among radiologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Pyridone ligand-facilitated palladium-catalyzed direct C–H bond functionalization via the transient directing group strategy has become an attractive topic. Here, we report a Pd-catalyzed direct β-C(sp3)–H arylation reaction of tertiary aliphatic aldehydes by using an α-amino acid as a transient directing group in combination with a 2-pyridone ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diverse nature of organic precursors offers a versatile platform for precisely tailoring the electronic properties of semiconducting polymers. In this study, three fully conjugated sp2 carbon‐linked polymers have been designed and synthesized for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible‐light illumination, by copolymerizing different C3‐symmetric aromatic aldehydes as knots with the 1,4‐phenylene diacetonitrile (PDAN) linker through a C=C condensation reaction. The hydrogen evolution (HER) is achieved at a maximum rate of 30.2 mmol g−1 h−1 over a polymer based on 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine units linked by cyano‐substituted phenylene, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 7.20 % at 420 nm. Increasing the degree of conjugation and planarity not only extends visible‐light absorption, but also stabilizes the fully conjugated sp2‐carbon‐linked donor–acceptor (D–A) polymer. Incorporating additional electron‐withdrawing triazine units into the D–A polymer to form multiple electron donors and acceptors can greatly promote exciton separation and charge transfer, thus significantly enhancing the photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TiO2 film was coated on poly vinyl chloride (PVC) surface by dip‐coating process from TiO2–PVC–THF suspension. The morphology and crystal structure of the as‐synthesized samples were characterized by SEM and XRD. The photocatalytic properties were measured by the photodegradation reaction of RhB and the anti‐adhesion and anti‐bacteria for Escherichia coli. The results show that the resultant TiO2 film is well‐conglutinated on PVC surface and has the same crystal structure as the original TiO2 powder. The TiO2/PVC shows excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of aqueous RhB and the activity increases with increasing reaction time and tends toward stable after accumulative illumination for 11.5 h. The TiO2 film shows good bacterial anti‐adhesion activity following photo‐activation and sterilization property under UV irradiation. The E. coli can be killed completely after UV irradiation for 1.5 h. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 87B: 425–431, 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diverse nature of organic precursors offers a versatile platform for precisely tailoring the electronic properties of semiconducting polymers. In this study, three fully conjugated sp 2 carbon-linked polymers have been designed and synthesized for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible-light illumination, by copolymerizing different C 3 -symmetric aromatic aldehydes as knots with the 1,4-phenylene diacetonitrile (PDAN) linker through a C=C condensation reaction. The hydrogen evolution (HER) is achieved at a maximum rate of 30.2 mmol g -1  h -1 over a polymer based on 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine units linked by cyano-substituted phenylene, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 7.20 % at 420 nm. Increasing the degree of conjugation and planarity not only extends visible-light absorption, but also stabilizes the fully conjugated sp 2 -carbon-linked donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer. Incorporating additional electron-withdrawing triazine units into the D-A polymer to form multiple electron donors and acceptors can greatly promote exciton separation and charge transfer, thus significantly enhancing the photocatalytic activity., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

A metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) photosystem based on covalent organic framework (COF) semiconductors was designed for robust and efficient hydrogen evolution under visible-light irradiation. A maximal H 2 evolution rate of 8.42 mmol h -1  g -1 and a turnover frequency of 789.5 h -1 were achieved by using a MIS photosystem prepared by electrostatic self-assembly of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) insulator-capped Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with the hydrophilic imine-linked TP-COFs having =C=O-H-N= hydrogen-bonding groups. The hot π-electrons in the photoexcited n-type TP-COF semiconductors can be efficiently extracted and tunneled to Pt NPs across an ultrathin PVP insulating layer to reduce protons to H 2 . Compared to the Schottky-type counterparts, the COF-based MIS photosystems give a 32-fold-enhanced carrier efficiency, attributed to the combined enhancement of photoexcitation rate, charge separation, and oxidation rate of holes accumulated in the valence band of the TP-COF semiconductor., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)