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RNA interference is an efficient approach for gene function identification and a potential novel strategy for selectively controlling pests. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major global storage pest, which causes great economic loss. Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), a carboxylesterase, is responsible for the degradation of juvenile hormone. However, the knockdown effect of jhe on metamorphosis of pupae or adult in T. castaneum is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of Tcjhe in the larval stage, we found that Tcjhe was expressed throughout the whole larval instars and the expression levels were relatively high right after molting. Furthermore, we knocked down the expression of Tcjhe by injecting dsTcjhe, which significantly increased the mortality of adults and decreased the eclosion rate. In addition, abnormal developmental phenotypes, including wing deformitity, pupal–adult monsters and shrunken adults, were observed. Our finding indicates that JHE plays an important role in the metamorphosis and development in T. castaneum, suggesting that Tcjhe could be used as a potential target for the development of RNAi‐based control strategies in T. castaneum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) seriously endangers the quality of life of patients and can even lead to death. Craniotomy is a common treatment method for HICH.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of two different sizes of craniotomy in patients with HICH, as well as to evaluate their effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood lactate levels.Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients with HICH in the basal ganglia were operated on in our hospital from February 2017 to March 2019 and randomly divided into two groups: the small bone window (SBW) group (n = 37) and the large bone flap group (n = 35). The curative effects of the two kinds of operations were evaluated by the length of operation, the days of hospitalization, the rate of hematoma clearance, the rate of rebleeding, and the incidence of complications. Additionally, the levels of CRP and lactate were compared between the two groups.Results: The results showed that the average intraoperative time, hospital stay, rebleeding rate, and postoperative complications of patients in the SBW group were less than those in the large bone flap group. Moreover, the number of patients in the SBW group with good postoperative recovery, including class V and class IV, was higher than that in the large bone flap group. Minimally invasive craniotomy with SBW reduced the lactic acid and CRP levels more quickly than the large bone flap group.Conclusions: An SBW was superior to a large bone flap in terms of the operative effect and lactate and CRP levels. It is concluded that an SBW has significant advantages over a large bone flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The growth of Internet web has made quick text categorization essential. Generally, linear classifier runs fast, but its precision is not satisfied. This paper proposes a new approach in which a linear classifier is constructed and its combination with SVM classifier according to our threshold function is presented. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve quick and high-precision categorization performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Aedes aegypti is a primary urban vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya worldwide. Pyrethroid insecticides are the most effective insecticides for controlling Ae. aegypti. However, pyrethroid resistance has developed due to the long-term overuse of the insecticides, and many knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations have been identified in the resistant populations. A1007G, an alanine to glycine substitution, was found in resistant Ae. aegypti from Vietnam and Malaysia, which has always co-existed with F1534C and V1016G. However, the role of A1007G in pyrethroid resistance and the linkage of A1007G and F1534C or V1016G remain unknown., Results: In this study, we examined the effects of mutations on the sodium channel gating properties and pyrethroid sensitivity in Xenopus oocytes. We found mutations A1007G, A1007G + F1534C and A1007G + V1016G + F1534C shifted the voltage dependence of activation in the depolarizing direction. Mutations A1007G + F1534C and A1007G + V1016G + F1534C shifted the voltage dependence of inactivation in the depolarizing direction. Both mutations A1007G and F1534C reduced the channel sensitivity to two Type I pyrethroids, permethrin and bifenthrin, and synergistic effects were observed between mutations A1007G and F1534C. However, none of the mutations, A1007G, F1534C and A1007G + F1534C affected the channel sensitivity to two Type II pyrethroids, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Furthermore, triple mutations A1007G + V1016G + F1534C significantly reduced the channel sensitivity to both Type I and Type II pyrethroids., Conclusion: We identified A1007G had a distinct effect on sodium channel sensitivity to Type I, but not to Type II pyrethroids, also A1007G exhibited synergistic effects with F1534C to Type I pyrethroids, which will provide a fundamental insight into the distinct molecular interactions between insect sodium channel and Type I or Type II pyrethroids. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Phyllotreta striolata , the striped flea beetle, is one of the most destructive pests in Brassicaceae plants worldwide. Given the drawbacks associated with long-term use of chemical insecticides, green strategies based on chemical ecology are an effective alternative for beetle control. However, the lack of information on beetle ecology has hindered the development of effective biocontrol strategies. In this report, we identified two odorants, (S)-cis-verbenol and (-)-verbenone, which displayed significant attraction for P. striolata ( p < 0.05), indicating their great potential for P. striolata management. Using the Drosophila "empty neuron" system, an antenna-biased odorant receptor, PstrOR17, was identified as responsible for the detection of (-)-verbenone and (S)-cis-verbenol. Furthermore, the interactions between PstrOR17 and (-)-verbenone or (S)-cis-verbenol were predicted via modeling and molecular docking. Finally, we used RNAi to confirm that PstrOR17 is essential for the detection of (-)-verbenone and (S)-cis-verbenol to elicit an attraction effect. Our results not only lay a foundation for the development of new and effective nonchemical insecticide strategies based on (S)-cis-verbenol and (-)-verbenone, but also provide new insight into the molecular basis of odorant recognition in P. striolata .

Background: Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) seriously endangers the quality of life of patients and can even lead to death. Craniotomy is a common treatment method for HICH., Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of two different sizes of craniotomy in patients with HICH, as well as to evaluate their effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood lactate levels., Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients with HICH in the basal ganglia were operated on in our hospital from February 2017 to March 2019 and randomly divided into two groups: the small bone window (SBW) group (n = 37) and the large bone flap group (n = 35). The curative effects of the two kinds of operations were evaluated by the length of operation, the days of hospitalization, the rate of hematoma clearance, the rate of rebleeding, and the incidence of complications. Additionally, the levels of CRP and lactate were compared between the two groups., Results: The results showed that the average intraoperative time, hospital stay, rebleeding rate, and postoperative complications of patients in the SBW group were less than those in the large bone flap group. Moreover, the number of patients in the SBW group with good postoperative recovery, including class V and class IV, was higher than that in the large bone flap group. Minimally invasive craniotomy with SBW reduced the lactic acid and CRP levels more quickly than the large bone flap group., Conclusions: An SBW was superior to a large bone flap in terms of the operative effect and lactate and CRP levels. It is concluded that an SBW has significant advantages over a large bone flap., Competing Interests: None