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29 results on '"Xu, Zengwang"'

5. Networks in Geography

Author

Sui, Daniel, Xu, Zengwang, Zhao, Bo, Abdessalem, Talel, Section Editor, Missaoui, Rokia, Section Editor, Alhajj, Reda, editor, and Rokne, Jon, editor

Published
2018
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14. Effects of social vulnerability and spatial accessibility on COVID-19 vaccination coverage: A census-tract level study in Milwaukee County, USA

Author

Xu, Zengwang, Jiang, Bin, Xu, Zengwang, and Jiang, Bin

Abstract

COVID-19 vaccination coverage was studied by race/ethnicity, up-to-date doses, and by how it was affected by social vulnerability and spatial accessibility at the census-tract level in Milwaukee County, WI, USA. Social vulnerability was quantified at the census-tract level by an aggregate index and its sub-components calculated using the principal components analysis method. The spatial accessibility was assessed by clinic-to-population ratio and travel impedance. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial regression models were employed to examine how social vulnerability and spatial accessibility relate to the vaccination rates of different doses. We found great disparities in vaccination rates by race and between areas of low and high social vulnerability. Comparing to non-Hispanic Blacks, the vaccination rate of non-Hispanic Whites in the county is 23% higher (60% vs. 37%) in overall rate (one or more doses), and 20% higher (29% vs. 9%) in booster rate (three or more doses). We also found that the overall social-vulnerability index does not show a statistically significant relationship with the overall vaccination rate when it is defined as the rate of people who have received one or more doses of vaccines. However, after the vaccination rate is stratified by up-to-date doses, social vulnerability has positive effects on one-dose and two-dose rates, but negative effects on booster rate, and the effects of social vulnerability become increasingly stronger and turn to negative for multi-dose vaccination rates, indicating the increasing challenges of high social vulnerability areas to multi-dose vaccination. The large negative effects of socio-economic status on the booster rate suggests the importance of improving general socio-economic conditions to promote multi-dose vaccination rates.

Published
2022
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20. Effect of small-world networks on epidemic propagation and intervention

Author

Xu, Zengwang and Sui, Daniel Z.

Subjects
Epidemics -- Distribution -- Demographic aspects -- Models -- United States, Medical geography -- Research, Geography, Company distribution practices, Distribution, Models, Research, Demographic aspects
Abstract

The small-world network, characterized by special structural properties of high connectivity and clustering, is one of the highlights in recent advances in network science and has the potential to model [...]

Published
2009

23. Vulnerability to COVID-19 Infection in Milwaukee: Effects of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics

Author

Xu, Zengwang and Logan, John

Abstract

This study focuses on variation of the prevalence rate of COVID-19 over time by age and race/ethnicity, and how neighborhood social vulnerability affects the COVID-19 prevalence in the whole epidemic as well as its three consecutive sub-waves in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. It found that the highest prevalence rate was for young adults (18-44). Hispanics and Asians were more likely to be infected than were non-Hispanic whites and African Americans. The high neighborhood social vulnerability was associated with greater risk of infection especially for persons over age 25, for Hispanics and Asians. High prevalence rates were significantly and strongly associated with all major factors of the social vulnerability in early stage of the pandemic, especially with the factor associated with Hispanic and immigrant population. Throughout the epidemic, the Hispanic/immigrant and African American factors had a reduced but still significant effect, but the socioeconomic factor was not significant and the explained variance across neighborhoods was smaller.

Published
2022
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26. The structure and dynamics of population migration among economic areas in the United States from 1990 to 2011.

Author

Xu, Zengwang

Subjects
*INTERNAL migration, *HUMAN migrations, *POPULATION, *CENTRALITY, *SOCIAL participation
Abstract

Abstract: This study constructs the population migration networks among economic areas in the United States for every consecutive year from 1990 to 2011, and examines their structural properties and population migration dynamics. Various aspects of the structural properties of the networks are explored, including the connectivity, clustering, assortativity and centrality. It was found that these structural properties are mediated by migration dynamics and inter‐area distance, and the patterns of varying structural properties across areas of different connectivity reveal the hub‐and‐spoke structure of the networks. It is evident that there exists tremendous complexity in migration connectivity and dynamics in the US internal migration system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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29. Spatial and Longitudinal Patterns in County Age-Specific Net Migration in the United States 1950–2010.

Author

Xu, Zengwang

Subjects
*PSYCHOLOGICAL typologies, *EMIGRATION & immigration, *SPATIAL ability, *AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics)
Abstract

Many migration studies describe various counties by adopting a priori county typologies, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service county typology, which might not be suitable for identifying different age migration patterns of the U.S. counties. This study employs a spatial clustering method that exhaustively compares all U.S. counties on their age migration similarity and spatial proximity to investigate signature age-specific net migration profiles across six decades of U.S. county age-specific net migration data from 1950 to 2010. All of the six-decade data are integrated into a common spatial county boundary on which counties below a population threshold are merged with the nearest county to mitigate the small population problem in net migration rates. As counties are merged by increasing large population thresholds, the Getis-OrdGi* spatial autocorrelation statistic is applied to examine how the spatial migration patterns are affected. It is found that U.S. county age-specific net migration profiles exhibit four signature patterns. Although these patterns are persistent across the past six decades, their spatial distributions have experienced dramatic variation. The small population problem in net migration rates affects the extent and location of the significant spatial migration patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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