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Edible oils and fats are the important dietary nutrients for human body, and play a vital roles in maintaining nutritional health for the hosts. Whereas, the unhealthy oils and fats intake would lead to the increase of the risks of chronic metabolic diseases, which has become a serious public health challenge for the present society. The oilomics, integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipomics as the major analytical methods, have been becoming on important approach to elucidate the host nutritional and metabolic regulation mechanisms, and realize the personalized nutrition of human body based on the functional characteristics of dietary factors. The present review manuscript illustrated the basic concepts of oilomics, and the major research approaches of oilomics in the areas of edible oil nutrition and human health. Moreover, the research progress of oilomics in oil nutrition and host health research were also summarized, primarily, focusing on elaborating the nutrients metabolic regulation, the enteral nutrition and gut homeostasis, as well as the personalized nutrition of the humans. In view of the current research status, the future trends of the development of oilomics were further prospected, at the aim of which is to provide references for expanding the applications of oilomics in lipid nutrition and human health. The overall nutrition level of the nationwide residents will be improved, and the construction of healthy China will be promoted.

Oil is a significant source of fatty acids and various trace functional components, and plays a vital role in regulating human health. The macro- and micro-components in oils are closely related to nutritional health. This paper introduces the future development goals and strategies of healthy oils from two aspects of precise nutrition and moderate processing. Firstly, precise nutrition based on life cycle and physiological state is a priority research area of lipid science. On the other hand, moderate processing will retain nutrients such as vitamin E, phytosterols, and squalene to a greater extent, and avoid the formation of risk factors such as trans fatty acids, 3-chloropropanol esters, and glycidyl esters. Moderate processing not only ensures the safety of oil, but also reduces the loss of healthy and beneficial fat concomitants, which is the development direction of oil engineering research. Therefore, under the dual demands of nutrition and safety, accurate nutrition and moderate processing of oils will help the implementation of "Healthy China" and "Double- Carbon" strategies. Future healthy oils will not only provide basic nutrition and flavor, but also give specific health functions to people with different life cycles, such as infants, children, adolescents, adults and the elderly, and maintain the homeostasis of people with different physiological states including pregnant and lactating women.

As an important national strategy, the security of cereal and oil plays a key role in maintaining social stability, promoting the rural revitalization strategy and keeping a sustained, rapid and sound development of national economy. With rapid increase of global population and continous development of food industry, the more diversified, healthy and low-carbon cereal and oil products have been preferred by consumers. However, in China, the development of cereal and oil industries is constrained by many problems, including limited cereal and oil processing resources, poor green processing technology, lack of moderate processing means, unclear mechanism of nutritional factors, and difficulty in hazard risk control. With the development of life science, information technology and materials technology, future food science and technology of cereal and oil based on food omics, synthetic biology, nutrition and materials science are expected to meet the above challenges from the technical level. This paper outlined the status and role of cereal and oil food industries in the national economy, and summarizedthe development trend and market conditions of cereal and oil industries. In China, the technical challenges faced by cereal and oil in China, grain, oil and food science and technology were also introduced, and the future development trend of grain, oil and food science and technology will also be prospected, including moderate oil processing, green grain production, intelligent safety control, and precise nutrition supply.

The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota and associated metabolites changes dramatically with diet and the development of obesity. Although many correlations have been described, specific mechanistic links between these changes and glucose homeostasis remain to be defined. Here we show that blood and intestinal levels of the microbiota-produced N-formyl peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, are elevated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the N-formyl peptide receptor Fpr1 leads to increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance, dependent upon glucagon-like peptide 1. Obese Fpr1 knockout mice also display an altered microbiome, exemplifying the dynamic relationship between host metabolism and microbiota. Overall, we describe a new mechanism by which the gut microbiota can modulate glucose metabolism, providing a potential approach for the treatment of metabolic disease.

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is a multifaceted inflammatory disease involving cells in the vascular wall (eg, endothelial cells [ECs]), as well as circulating and resident immunogenic cells (eg, monocytes/macrophages). Acting as a ligand for liver X receptor (LXR), but an inhibitor of SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2), 25-hydroxycholesterol, and its catalyzing enzyme cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) are important in regulating cellular inflammatory status and cholesterol biosynthesis in both ECs and monocytes/macrophages.MethodsBioinformatic analyses were used to investigate RNA-sequencing data to identify cholesterol oxidation and efflux genes regulated by Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). In vitro experiments involving cultured ECs and macrophages and in vivo methods involving mice with Ch25h ablation were then used to explore the atheroprotective role of KLF4-Ch25h/LXR.ResultsVasoprotective stimuli increased the expression of Ch25h and LXR via KLF4. The KLF4-Ch25h/LXR homeostatic axis functions through suppressing inflammation, evidenced by the reduction of inflammasome activity in ECs and the promotion of M1 to M2 phenotypic transition in macrophages. The increased atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/-/Ch25h-/- mice further demonstrates the beneficial role of the KLF4-Ch25h/LXR axis in vascular function and disease.ConclusionsKLF4 transactivates Ch25h and LXR, thereby promoting the synergistic effects between ECs and macrophages to protect against atherosclerosis susceptibility.