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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the value of 3.0T magnetic resonance three-dimensional arterial spin labeling imaging (3D-ASL) technology in the differential diagnosis of recurrence and pseudo-progression of high-grade gliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with high-grade glioma were selected as research objects. All 50 patients were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the lesions were found to be enlarged or abnormally enhanced. All the patients were examined using the 3.0T MR 3D-ASL technique. With targeted biopsy pathology as the gold standard, the diagnostic results of the 3.0T MR 3D-ASL technique were analyzed, and the cerebral blood flow (rCBFmax) ratio was compared between patients with recurrent glioma and patients with pseudo-progression [maximum blood flow value/contralateral mirror area (CBFmax/contralateral mirror area), CBFmax/contralateral white matter, CBFmax/ contralateral gray matter]. RESULTS: Among 50 glioma patients, 31 (62.00%) were diagnosed with recurrence through pathological examination, and 19 (38.00%) were diagnosed with pseudo-progression. 30 patients with recurrence (60.00%) and 20 patients with pseudo-progression (40.00%) were diagnosed using 3.0T magnetic resonance 3D-ASL technology. The diagnostic accuracy of 3.0T magnetic resonance 3D-ASL technology was 96.77% (30/31) (p > 0.05). Using pathological results as the "gold standard", the relevant parameters of 3.0T magnetic resonance 3D-ASL technology under different pathological results were analyzed. The results showed that the CBFmax/contralateral mirror area, CBFmax/contralateral white matter, and CBFmax/contralateral gray matter ratios of advanced glioma recurrence patients were significantly higher than those of pseudo-progression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of 3.0T MR 3D-ASL in high-grade glioma can effectively distinguish recurrence and pseudo-progression, with significant diagnostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geochemical characteristics of melt inclusions and their host olivines provide important information on the processes that create magmas and the nature of their mantle and crustal source regions. We report chemical compositions of melt inclusions, their host olivines and bulk rocks of Xindian basalts in Chifeng area, North China Craton. Compositions of both bulk rocks and melt inclusions are tholeiitic. Based on petrographic observations and compositional variation of melt inclusions, the crystallizing sequence of Xindian basalts is as follows: olivine (at MgO > ~5.5 wt%), plagioclase (beginning at MgO = ~5.5 wt%), clinopyroxene and ilmenite (at MgO < 5.0 wt%). High Ni contents and Fe/Mn ratios, and low Ca and Mn contents in olivine phenocrysts, combining with low CaO contents of relatively high MgO melt inclusions (MgO > 6 wt%), indicate that Xindian basalts are possibly derived from a pyroxenite source rather than a peridotite source. In the CS-MS-A diagram, all the high MgO melt inclusions (MgO > 6.0 wt%) project in the field between garnet + clinopyroxene + liquid and garnet + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + liquid near 3.0 GPa, further suggesting that residual minerals are mainly garnet and clinopyroxene, with possible presence of orthopyroxene, but without olivine. Modeling calculations using MELTS show that the water content of Xindian basalts is 0.3-0.7 wt% at MgO = 8.13 wt%. Using 20-25% of partial melting estimated by moderately incompatible element ratios, the water content in the source of Xindian basalts is inferred to be ≥450 ppm, much higher than 6-85 ppm in dry lithospheric mantle. The melting depth is inferred to be ~3.0 GPa, much deeper than that of tholeiitic lavas (< 2.0 GPa), assuming a peridotite source with a normal mantle potential temperature. Such melting depth is virtually equal to the thickness of lithosphere beneath Chifeng area (~100 km), suggesting that Xindian basalts are derived from the asthenospheric mantle, if the lithospheric lid effect model is assumed. Keywords Melt inclusion * Olivine chemistry * Pyroxenite source * Water * Basalts * North China Craton, Introduction For years, it was thought that peridotite (olivine mode >40%), the predominant lithology in the upper mantle, is the source of mafic magmas (peridotite melts; e.g., Green and Ringwood [...]

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of high-mobility group nucleosome-binding domain 5 (HMGN5) in colorectal cancer tissues, to explore the function of HMGN5 on the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells, and to further study the molecular mechanism of HMGN5 in the malignant progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were harvested from 40 patients with CRC. The expression of HMGN5 was detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the relation between HMGN5 and clinical indexes of CRC patients was further analyzed. The CRC HT29 and HCT116 cell lines with high expression levels of HMGN5 were selected, and the HMGN5 knockdown model was established. The functions of HMGN5 on CRC cells were stated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and transwell migration assay. Then, the association between HMGN5 and fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) was further explored via Dual-Luciferase reporter assay and reverse assay. RESULTS: The qRT-PCR showed that HMGN5 expression was significantly rising in cancer tissues compared to the control group. The incidence rate of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis was higher in higher expression HMGN5 group than the lower expression HMGN5 group. The results of cell function experiments revealed that silence of HMGN5 could suppress the proliferation and migration of HT29 and HCT116. In addition, it was found using qRTPCR that knockdown of HMGN5 could significantly down-regulate the expressions of FGF12, FGFR, PI3K and AKT in HT29 and HCT116 cells. The targeted binding relation between HMGN5 and FGF12 was also indicated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. The consequence of qRTPCR manifested that FGF12 expression markedly rose in CRC tissues, which had a positive correlation with HMGN5. Moreover, reverse assay indicated that the inhibitory effect of HMGN5 knockdown on the malignant progression of CRC could be reversed by recombinant FGF12, indicating once again that there is a mutual regulatory effect between HMGN5 and FGF12. CONCLUSIONS: HMGN5 can increase the proliferative and migrative capacity of CRC cells via targeted binding to FGF12. In addition, clinical data analyses demonstrate that HMGN5 is intimately related to the incidence rate of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in patients with CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aims: The aims of this study were to develop an effective M cell‐targeting oral vaccine, involving Lactobacillus casei to deliver the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) core neutralizing epitope (COE) antigen conjugated with M cell‐targeting peptide Co1 as an adjuvant, against PEDV infection. Methods and Results: Genetically engineered L. casei 393 (L393) strains expressing PEDV COE antigen only (pPG‐COE/L393) or fused‐expressing COE and M cell‐targeting peptide Co1 (pPG‐COE‐Co1/L393) were constructed, and the immunogenicity upon administration as an oral vaccine was evaluated. The results showed that higher anti‐PEDV serum IgG and mucosal SIgA antibody responses were induced in mice orally immunized with strain pPG‐COE‐Co1/L393 as compared to the mice immunized with strain L393 expressing COE alone or carrying the empty plasmid. In addition, the use of the Co1 ligand elicited a splenocyte proliferative response more effectively in comparison with the COE antigen alone and supported a skewed T helper 2 type of immune response against PEDV. Conclusions: pPG‐COE‐Co1/L393 can effectively induce mucosal, humoural and Th2‐type cellular immune responses against PEDV infection via oral administration. Furthermore, M cell‐targeting peptide ligand Co1 is a good mucosal adjuvant. Significance and Impact of the Study: Lactobacillus casei delivering the COE antigen of PEDV conjugated with a M cell‐targeting peptide Co1 as an immune adjuvant is a promising oral vaccine candidate for PEDV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pd modified BiOBr flower-like microspheres have been synthesised via a facile one-pot ethylene glycol assisted solvothermal process in the presence of reactable ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C16mim]Br). The as prepared samples were characterised by multiple techniques to investigate the structure, morphology and photocatalytic properties. Ionic liquid [C16mim]Br was introduced to improve the dispersity of Pd nanoparticles, so as to construct the tight junctions between Pd nanoparticles and BiOBr. The Pd nanoparticles could distribute uniformly on the surface of BiOBr. The photocatalytic abilities of the as prepared photocatalysts were evaluated using rhodamine B (RhB) and ciprofloxacin as target pollutants. After the introduction of Pd, the photocatalytic activities of Pd/BiOBr composites have been enhanced under visible light irradiation. The 0·5 wt-% Pd/BiOBr possessed the optimal photocatalytic activity, which was about 6·6 times higher than pure BiOBr for the degradation of RhB. The results of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the introduction of Pd, which improves the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electrons and holes. The trapping experiments of radicals indicated that hole was the main reactive species for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. A possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed that the Pd nanoparticles promote charge transfer, and inhibit the recombination probability of the photogenerated electrons and holes, which is beneficial for improving the photocatalytic performance of BiOBr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]