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The application of artificial intelligence in environmental design has entered a stage of rapid development, artificial intelligence in environmental design tools, methods, expression, as well as the expansion of design content, the richness of design language and other aspects have produced a wide range of changes. From the perspective of artificial intelligence in environmental design, this paper discusses the future trend and possible revolutionary changes of artificial intelligence in environmental design. This paper combs the application of artificial intelligence in environmental design, analyzes the design works with wide influence, and discusses the value and significance of artificial intelligence in applied environmental design, as well as its possible future development trend. The application of artificial intelligence in environmental design is a great change from design means to design content. From the interactive ability, virtual ability, to the integration of big data, all are new opportunities and challenges brought by the ability of artificial intelligence to environmental design. In response to such changes, environmental art design practitioners should establish a more systematic, three-dimensional and data-based design activity system and a broader design theory system.

Piecewise histogram equalization（Piecewise HE） was proposed,which combines the benefits of contrast stretching and existing histogram equalization.The swallow of saturation and brightness is avoided in the enhanced image by a piecewise linear mapping function,which combines with the mean and standard deviation of the histogram,and the parameters selection of Piecewise HE is explored when over-enhancement existed.The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method can enhance the images effectively,which avoids the swallow and over-enhancement problems of the existing histogram equalization methods.The proposed method not only preserves the original details,but also has a more natural visual effect in the enhanced image.

By using the ANSYS FLUENT numerical simulation software, the Navier-Stokes equation as the governing equation, based on the finite volume method, this paper adopts the standard k -- ε turbulence model to establish a numerical analysis model. Under the condition of constant density, numerical simulation study is carried out on the water flow characteristics of three kinds of rigidly submerged vegetation open channels with thick stems. The results show that the experimental results are compared with the numerical simulation calculation results, and the calculated velocity values are in good agreement with the experimental values, which verifies the correctness and feasibility of the numerical simulation method. By analyzing the flow velocity distribution changes in the flow field, the increase in the thickness of the vegetation stems is obtained. By analyzing the vertical distribution of the flow velocity in the flow field, it is concluded that the slope close to vegetation has a smaller range of velocity change, and the water flow is more turbulent. As the distance from vegetation continues to increase, the vertical velocity change range increases significantly. The mixed turbulence effect of vegetation on the point flow field is weakened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence reveals that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) can cause varying degrees of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) later in life. Moreover, epigenetics plays an important role in the fetal origin of adult disease. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of epigenetics in the development of PAH following IUGR. Methods The IUGR rats were established by maternal undernutrition during pregnancy. Pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVEC) were isolated from the rat lungs by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). We investigated epigenetic regulation of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene in PVEC of 1-day and 6-week IUGR rats, and response of IUGR rats to hypoxia. Results The maternal nutrient restriction increased the histone acetylation and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) binding levels in the ET-1 gene promoter of PVEC in IUGR newborn rats, and continued up to 6 weeks after birth. These epigenetic changes could result in an IUGR rat being highly sensitive to hypoxia later in life, causing more significant PAH or pulmonary vascular remodeling. Conclusions These findings suggest that epigenetics is closely associated with the development of hypoxic PAH following IUGR, further providing a new insight for improved prevention and treatment of IUGR-related PAH.

Tea is the one of the most popular non‐alcoholic caffeinated beverages in the world. Tea is produced from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), which is known to accumulate fluoride. This article systematically analyzes the literature concerning fluoride absorption, transportation and fluoride tolerance mechanisms in tea plants. Fluoride bioavailability and exposure levels in tea infusions are also reviewed. The circulation of fluoride within the tea plantation ecosystems is in a positive equilibrium, with greater amounts of fluoride introduced to tea orchards than removed. Water extractable fluoride and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) extractable fluoride in plantation soil are the main sources of absorption by tea plant root via active trans‐membrane transport and anion channels. Most fluoride is readily transported through the xylem as F−/F–Al complexes to leaf cell walls and vacuole. The findings indicate that tea plants employ cell wall accumulation, vacuole compartmentalization, and F–Al complexes to co‐detoxify fluoride and aluminum, a possible tolerance mechanism through which tea tolerates higher levels of fluoride than most plants. Furthermore, dietary and endogenous factors influence fluoride bioavailability and should be considered when exposure levels of fluoride in commercially available dried tea leaves are interpreted. The relevant current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]