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Numerous real-world systems, including manufacturing processes, supply chains, and robotic systems, involve multiple independent entities with diverse objectives. The potential for conflicts arises from the inability of these entities to accurately predict and anticipate each other's actions. To address this challenge, we propose the Preemptive Holistic Collaborative System (PHCS) framework. By enabling information sharing and collaborative planning among independent entities, the PHCS facilitates the preemptive resolution of potential conflicts. We apply the PHCS framework to the specific context of road transportation, resulting in the Preemptive Holistic Collaborative Road Transportation System (PHCRTS). This system leverages shared driving intentions and pre-planned trajectories to optimize traffic flow and enhance safety. Simulation experiments in a two-lane merging scenario demonstrate the effectiveness of PHCRTS, reducing vehicle time delays by 90%, increasing traffic capacity by 300%, and eliminating accidents. The PHCS framework offers a promising approach to optimize the performance and safety of complex systems with multiple independent entities.

In view of existing automatic driving is difficult to accurately and timely obtain the status and driving intention of other vehicles and the safety risk and urgency of autonomous vehicles in the absence of collision are evaluated. As a result, while vehicles generally maintain safe distances, accidents still frequently occur, particularly in merging areas. To ensure safety, improve road efficiency, this paper presents a pre-programmed technique for managing vehicles' spatiotemporal trajectories to proactively mitigate conflicts among vehicles. Firstly, the study focuses on the calculation of safe distances under varying spatiotemporal conditions, taking into account differences in vehicle speed. Subsequently, an evaluation model for vehicle conflict risk is developed, which incorporates critical parameters such as collision acceleration and emergency acceleration. The methodology further identifies the main line vehicles that are potentially in conflict with on-ramp vehicles and determines the target gap for the latter. Based on this selected target gap, a cooperative control method is formulated, enabling the pre-programming of vehicle trajectories. Using highway ramp merging as a case study, the paper introduces a mainline priority spatiotemporal cooperative control method and validates its efficacy through rigorous simulations. The analysis indicates that the average delay time can be reduced by 97.96%, and fuel consumption by 6.01%. The mainline priority strategy demonstrates increased speed, low latency and low fuel consumption.

Foundation excavations are deepening, expanding, and approaching structures. Steel supports measure and manage axial force. The study regulates steel support structure power during deep excavation using a novel axial force management system for safety, efficiency, and structural integrity. Closed-loop control changes actuator output to maintain axial force based on force. In deep excavation, the servo system regulates unstable soil, side pressure, and structural demands. Modern engineering and tech are used. Temperature changes automatically adjust the jack to maintain axial force. Includes hydraulic jacks, triple-acting cylinders, temperature, and deformation sensors, and automatic control. Foundation pit excavation is dynamic, yet structure tension is constant. There is no scientific way to regulate axial force foundation pit excavation. The revolutionary Servo system adjusts temperature, compression, and axial force to deform pits. System control requires foundation pit direction detection and modification. This engineering method has performed effectively for deep foundation pit excavation at railway crossings and other infrastructure projects. The surrounding protective structure may reduce the steel support's axial stress, making deep foundation excavation safe and efficient. Keywords: Servo systems, Steel strut support design, Deformation control, Monitoring and control, Deep excavation projects., Comment: 6 pages,7 figures, 1 table, 2 graph, conference paper

The merging area of highway ramps faces multiple challenges, including traffic congestion, collision risks, speed mismatches, driver behavior uncertainties, limited visibility, and bottleneck effects. However, autonomous vehicles engaging in depth coordination between vehicle and road in merging zones, by pre-planning and uploading travel trajectories, can significantly enhance the safety and efficiency of merging zones.In this paper,we mainly introduce mainline priority cooperation method to achieve the time and space cooperative control of highway merge.Vehicle-mounted intelligent units share real-time vehicle status and driving intentions with Road Section Management Units, which pre-plan the spatiotemporal trajectories of vehicle travel. After receiving these trajectories, Vehicle Intelligent Units strictly adhere to them. Through this deep collaboration between vehicles and roads, conflicts in time and space during vehicle travel are eliminated in advance.

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is of great interest in life science studies for visualizing subcellular structures at the nanometer scale. Among various kinds of super-resolution approaches, image scanning microscopy (ISM) offers a doubled resolution enhancement in a simple and straightforward manner, based on the commonly used confocal microscopes. ISM is also suitable to be integrated with multi-photon microscopy techniques, such as two-photon excitation and second-harmonic generation imaging, for deep tissue imaging, but it remains the twofold limited resolution enhancement and requires expensive femtosecond lasers. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate the super-linear ISM (SL-ISM) to push the resolution enhancement beyond the factor of two, with a single low-power, continuous-wave, and near-infrared laser, by harnessing the emission nonlinearity within the multiphoton excitation process of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). Based on a modified confocal microscope, we achieve a resolution of about 120 nm, 1/8th of the excitation wavelength. Furthermore, we demonstrate a parallel detection strategy of SL-ISM with the multifocal structured excitation pattern, to speed up the acquisition frame rate. This method suggests a new perspective for super-resolution imaging or sensing, multi-photon imaging, and deep-tissue imaging with simple, low-cost, and straightforward implementations., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Single-beam super-resolution microscopy, also known as superlinear microscopy, exploits the nonlinear response of fluorescent probes in confocal microscopy. The technique requires no complex purpose-built system, light field modulation, or beam shaping. Here, we present a strategy to enhance spatial resolution of superlinear microscopy by modulating excitation intensity during image acquisition. This modulation induces dynamic optical nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), resulting in variations of higher spatial-frequency information in the obtained images. The high-order information can be extracted with a proposed weighted finite difference imaging algorithm from raw fluorescence images, to generate an image with a higher resolution than superlinear microscopy images. We apply this approach to resolve two adjacent nanoparticles within a diffraction-limited area, improving the resolution to 130 nm. This work suggests a new scope for developing dynamic nonlinear fluorescent probes in super-resolution nanoscopy., Comment: 26 pages with 4 figures

Algebro-geometric solutions of the lattice potential modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (lpmKP) equation are constructed. A Darboux transformation of the Kaup--Newell spectral problem is employed to generate a Lax triad for the lpmKP equation, as well as to define commutative integrable symplectic maps which generate discrete flows of eigenfunctions. These maps share the same integrals with the finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system associated to the Kaup-Newell spectral problem. We investigate asymptotic behaviors of the Baker-Akhiezer functions and obtain their expression in terms of Riemann theta function. Finally, algebro-geometric solutions for the lpmKP equation are reconstructed from these Baker-Akhiezer functions., Comment: 28 pages

Fluorescent nanoparticles are widely utilized in a large range of nanoscale imaging and sensing applications. While ultra-small nanoparticles (size <10 nm) are highly desirable, at this size range their photostability can be compromised due to effects such as intensity fluctuation and spectral diffusion caused by interaction with surface states. In this letter, we demonstrate a facile, bottom-up technique for the fabrication of sub-10-nm hBN nanoparticles hosting photostable bright emitters via a catalyst-free hydrothermal reaction between boric acid and melamine. We also implement a simple stabilization protocol that significantly reduces intensity fluctuation by ~85% and narrows the emission linewidth by ~14% by employing a common sol-gel silica coating process. Our study advances a promising strategy for the scalable, bottom-up synthesis of high-quality quantum emitters in hBN nanoparticles.

The paper presents an approach to derive finite genus solutions to the lattice potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (lpKP) equation introduced by F.W. Nijhoff, et al. This equation is rederived from compatible conditions of three replicas of the discrete ZS-AKNS spectral problem, which is a Darboux transformation of the continuous ZS-AKNS spectral problem. With the help of these links and by means of the so called nonlinearization technique and Liouville platform, finite genus solutions of the lpKP equation are derived. Semi-discrete potential KP equations with one and two discrete arguments, respectively, are also discussed., Comment: 21 pages

We compare a Gromov hyperbolic metric with the hyperbolic metric in the unit ball or in the upper half space, and prove sharp comparison inequalities between the Gromov hyperbolic metric and some hyperbolic type metrics. We also obtain several sharp distortion inequalities for the Gromov hyperbolic metric under some families of M\"{o}bius transformations., Comment: 14 pages

The Q1 lattice equation, a member in the Adler-Bobenko-Suris list of 3D consistent lattices, is investigated. By using the multidimensional consistency, a novel Lax pair for Q1 equation is given, which can be nonlinearised to produce integrable symplectic maps. Consequently, a Riemann theta function expression for the discrete potential is derived with the help of the Baker-Akhiezer functions. This expression leads to the algebro-geometric integration of the Q1 lattice equation, based on the commutativity of discrete phase flows generated from the iteration of integrable symplectic maps.

Based on integrable Hamiltonian systems related to the derivative Schwarzian Korteweg-de Vries (SKdV) equation, a novel discrete Lax pair for the lattice SKdV (lSKdV) equation is given by two copies of a Darboux transformation which can be used to derive an integrable symplectic correspondence. Resorting to the discrete version of Liouville-Arnold theorem, finite genus solutions to the lSKdV equation are calculated through Riemann surface method.

Integrating fluorescent nanoparticles with high-Q, small mode volume cavities is indispensable for nanophotonics and quantum technologies. To date, nanoparticles have largely been coupled to evanescent fields of cavity modes, which limits the strength of the interaction. Here, we developed both a cavity design and a fabrication method that enable efficient coupling between a fluorescent nanoparticle and a cavity optical mode. The design consists of a fishbone-shaped, one-dimensional photonic crystal cavity with a nano-pocket located at the electric field maximum of the fundamental optical mode. Furthermore, the presence of a nanoparticle inside the pocket reduces the mode volume substantially and induces subwavelength light confinement. Our approach opens exciting pathways to achieve strong light confinement around fluorescent nanoparticles for applications in energy, sensing, lasing and quantum technologies.

In this paper we present novel integrable symplectic maps, associated with ordinary difference equations, and show how they determine, in a remarkably diverse manner, the integrability, including Lax pairs and the explicit solutions, for integrable partial difference equations which are the discrete counterparts of integrable partial differential equations of Korteweg-de Vries-type (KdV-type). As a consequence it is demonstrated that several distinct Hamiltonian systems lead to one and the same difference equation by means of the Liouville integrability framework. Thus, these integrable symplectic maps may provide an efficient tool for characterizing, and determining the integrability of, partial difference equations.

We study the geometry of the scale invariant Cassinian metric and prove sharp comparison inequalities between this metric and the hyperbolic metric in the case when the domain is either the unit ball or the upper half space. We also prove sharp distortion inequalities for the scale invariant Cassinian metric under M\"obius transformations., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures