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Purpose: This study comprises an investigation of the role of meteorin-like (Metrnl) in an experimental model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: Twenty-four db/db mice were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: DKD, DKD + Metrnl-/-, and DKD + Metrnl+/+. Plasma Metrnl concentrations were measured using ELISA. Kidney tissues were examined via western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry to determine the expression levels of inflammatory factors. Electron microscopy was employed to observe stained kidney sections. Results: Compared with the NC group, FBG, BW, and UACR were elevated in the DKD and Metrnl-/- groups, with severe renal pathological injury, decreased serum Metrnl concentration, decreased renal Metrnl expression, and increased expression levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-R1, pSmad2, pSmad3, and α-SMA. In contrast, the Metrnl+/+ group showed decreased FBG and UACR, BUN, TC and TG, increased HDL-C and serum Metrnl concentration, increased renal Metrnl expression, and decreased expression of TNF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-R1, pSmad2, pSmad3, and α-SMA, compared to the DKD and Metrnl-/- groups. A Pearson bivariate correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between UACR and Metrnl, and a positive correlation between UACR and TGF-β1. Conclusion: Upregulation of renal Metrnl expression can improve renal injury by downregulating the expression of molecules in the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in the renal tissues of type 2 diabetic mice; and by reducing the production of fibrotic molecules such as α-SMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAP admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team were recruited into this study. Clinical data such as age, sex, temperature, blood routine, liver function, renal function, albumin, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), use of oral antidiabetic drugs, number of involved lobes and history of cerebrovascular disease were included in the analysis. The sample function of R software was used to randomly divide the enrolled population into a training set and a validation set in a ratio of 7:3. The training set was divided into a survival group and a death group according to the occurrence of outcome events. Risk factors were selected by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to develop a new prediction model and a prediction line graph. The predictive efficiency and accuracy of the new model were evaluated by comparison with the CURB-65 score model, which was used to assess the prognosis of pneumonia. The clinical significance of the new prediction model was evaluated by clinical decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve evaluation. Results A total of 223 patients were incorporated into the statistical analysis, including 156 in the training set and 67 in the validation set. In the training set, the clinical data of 127 patients in the survival group and 29 patients in the death group were used for the between-group difference analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for changes in consciousness, urea nitrogen and neutrophil counts, temperature (OR= 3.05, 95%CI 2.80-3.48), albumin (OR=0.61, 95%CI 0.36-0.77), LVEF (OR=0.61, 95%CI 0.37-0.82), number of involved lobes (OR=6.29, 95%CI 2.43-6.45) and history of cerebrovascular disease (OR= 2.23, 95%CI 1.09-4.65) were independent risk factors for short-term mortality in T2DM inpatients with CAP. In the training set, compared with CURB-65 score, the area under the curve (AUC) of the new model [0.898 5 (95%CI 0.838 8-0.958 1)] in this study was higher than CURB-65 score [0.752 5 (95%CI 0.655 7-0.849 4), P<0.05]. Clinical decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve evaluation of the new model were better than CURB-65 scores. The AUC of the new model in the verification set was 0.928 8 (95%CI 0.850 3-1.000 0), and the fitting effect was good. Conclusion The prediction model in this study, which included temperature, albumin, LVEF, number of involved lobes and history of cerebrovascular disease, was effective in predicting short-term mortality in T2DM patients with CAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There were some clinical studies on GLP-1R agonist liraglutide therapy for psoriasis patients with type 2 diabetes, but there is a lack of randomized controlled trials and the mechanism of which remains unclear. A total of 25 psoriasis patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized 1: 1 divided into the control group (n = 13) or liraglutide group (n = 12) for 12 weeks. We determined the PASI, the DLQI, histopathology of psoriasis skin, and the expression of IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α in the psoriasis skin. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean DLQI of the treatment group decreased from 22.00 ± 5.85 to 3.82 ± 3.60 (p <.05). Compared to week 12, the change in the baseline value of PASI and DLQI in the treatment group showed a significant difference compared with the control group (p <.05). The pathological changes of psoriasis skin and the expression of IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α in the psoriasis skin were improved in the treatment group. No serious adverse events occurred. The skin lesions in psoriasis patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly improved after treatment with liraglutide, which may be related to the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-23, IL-17, and TNF-α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of liraglutide on obesity diabetic mice with psoriasiform skin inflammation. Wild-type mice and db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): including the control group which received Vaseline, the imiquimod (IMQ)-induction group and the liraglutide-treatment group. The advanced treatment with liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks before IMQ induced psoriatic skin inflammation in the db/db + IMQ + Lira group. Basic parameters of diabetes, PASI, histopathology of skin, the expression of IL-17A, IL-23, IL-22, and TNF-α in the skin of back were measured. After IMQ induction, the psoriatic skin inflammation and pathological changes in the db/db + IMQ group were more serious than those in the WT + IMQ group. The glucose metabolism and insulin resistance of in the db/db + IMQ + Lira group were significantly improved, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was significantly reduced, and the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-23, IL-17, IL-22, and TNF-α in the back skin tissues were decreased. Liraglutide can improve psoriasis skin lesions of obese diabetic mice, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the expression of IL-23, IL-17, IL-22, and TNF-α through the IL-23/Th-17 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to obvious goitre, the local injection of dexamethasone 5 mg (0.19 mg/kg once) into the thyroid gland resulted in a significant reduction of the thyroid gland, which is currently under follow-up. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common, but also coeliac disease, myasthenia gravis and so on.4 The boy had no mucocutaneous candidiasis; therefore, he was diagnosed as APS-II.5 There was not enough data for a formal diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes. His neck computed tomography showed diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland on both sides, and head and neck ultrasound displayed diffuse thyroid lesions with abundant blood supply. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome is a rare and complex disorder that includes multiple endocrine gland insufficiency associated with autoimmune disease. [Extracted from the article]

This 24‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of linagliptin in 206 Chinese patients with inadequately controlled (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 7.5%–10.0%) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving insulin (basal or premixed) ± metformin. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive linagliptin 5 mg/d or placebo. The decrease from baseline in HbA1c (primary endpoint) was greater with linagliptin than with placebo (−0.61% vs. −0.20%, adjusted mean difference −0.40%; P = 0.0016). Linagliptin demonstrated significantly greater improvement in 2‐hour postprandial glucose (−1.77 mmol/L [−31.95 mg/dL]; P < 0.001), and a numerical reduction in fasting plasma glucose (−0.34 mmol/L [−6.2 mg/dL]; P = 0.2241) versus placebo. Proportionally more patients on linagliptin achieved a HbA1c reduction of ≥0.5% versus those on placebo (odds ratio 2.293, P < 0.01). Adverse events in both groups were similar, with no new safety findings or clinically relevant changes in body weight. Among investigator‐defined hypoglycaemic events (linagliptin: 17.3%; placebo: 12.7%; odds ratio 1.48, P = 0.337), none were severe. In Chinese patients with T2DM, linagliptin add‐on to insulin improved glycaemic control and was well tolerated, without increased risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The characteristics of dietary structure in overweight / obese type 2 diabetic patients were investigated for providing individualized medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 103 out-patients (58 males, 45 females, ≥25 years) from the 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team between January and June in 2017 were recruited and divided into 3 groups according to body mass index (BMI): normal group (18.50.05). (2) Energy supply ratio: there were no significant differences in energy supply ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat among 3 groups (all P> 0.05). (3) Intake: differences were significant in the carbohydrate intake among 3 groups (F=6.755, P<0.05), intake in the obese group was higher than those in the normal group or the overweight group [(332±114) vs (265±52) vs (276±60) g, all P<0.05]. There was no significant difference between the normal and the overweight group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in protein, fat and dietary fiber intake among 3 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with normal weight patients with type 2 diabetics, obese type 2 diabetic patients have excessive daily energy intakes and excess energies, mainly due to excessive carbohydrate intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]