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Aim: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for gingival invagination during orthodontic treatment after premolar extraction. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 135 patients who had undergone interdental space closure after premolar extraction were collected, and cone beam computed tomography was performed to determine the presence of gingival invagination. The risk factors were examined using mixed‐effects models and generalized propensity score weighting (GPSW) to develop a predictive model. Results: Univariate analysis revealed that the extraction site, buccal bone thickness 4 mm apical to the cemento‐enamel junction (MB1), mid‐root buccal bone thickness (MB2) and vertical skeletal relationships were related to gingival invagination (p <.05). Furthermore, a subsequent multivariable mixed‐effects model analysis indicated a significantly increased risk of gingival invagination at MB1 < 1 mm (p <.001; odds ratio [ORMB1≤0.5mm] = 29.304; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.986–93.807; OR0.5

LaBaCo2O5.5+δ (LBCO) films were grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO), (LaAlO3)0.3(SrAlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT), and LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates by a polymer assisted deposition method. The effects of strain induced by lattice mismatch on magnetic and electrical properties of LBCO films were studied. It is found that both the conductivity and ferromagnetic (FM) transition temperature of LBCO films show an abnormally ascending order of STO < LAO < LSAT. It is suggested that there are three main factors essentially to affect the physical properties of LBCO films, i.e., the oxygen content, cationic ordering, and cationic electronegativity. The tensile strain induced-decrease of oxygen content and lowest nanoscale ordering of cations will result in the decrease of FM interactions and conductivity and the increase of antiferromagnetic interactions. Besides, the difference of the cationic electronegativities can lead to the different shrinkages of Co3+–O and Co4+–O bonds when strain is applied, especially under compressive strain, resulting in the changes in the cobalt spin states and a charge transfer between Co3+ and Co4+ ions, altering the physical properties of LBCO films. The combination and competition of the functions of the oxygen content, cationic ordering, and the cationic electronegativity lead to an abnormal change of the conductivity and magnetization for LBCO films with substrates. This provides a new way to understand the function of electronegativity in the strain-controlled physical properties of the films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The double-perovskite Nd2CoMnO6 (NCMO) thin films were epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates with different orientations by the polymer-assisted deposition technique. A well crystallization quality of the films is confirmed by x-ray diffraction. The magnetism measurement suggests that all the films have a single ferromagnetic (FM) transition, but its substrate-orientational dependence is different from those in normal perovskite ABO3. By the analysis of the valence states of cations combining with the single FM transition, we suggest that the ionization degree of Co and Mn can be stimulated under both tensile and compressive strain, which can weaken the magnetic interaction. Thus, there are two aspects that competitively affect the magnetism [M(T) and Tc] of the NCMO film, i.e., the variation of oxygen octahedron similar to that in the normal perovskite ABO3 film and the degree of Co/Mn ionization, without changing the order of Co–O–Mn chain arrangement, resulting in the different orientation-dependent magnetism in NCMO films from that normally observed in ABO3 films. Our results give a systematic understanding of the substrate-induced-strain influence on the magnetic interaction in NCMO thin films and widen its practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3d–4d perovskite oxide SrRuO3/NdNiO3 (SRO/NNO) bilayers were epitaxially deposited on (001)- and (011)- LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates by polymer-assisted deposition (PAD), respectively, and the electrical and magnetic properties have been investigated. It is found that the epitaxial growth tends to be 2D step flow or layer by layer for NdNiO3 films, but 3D island mode for SrRuO3 films, under PAD. The growth in 3D island mode is beneficial to the lattice relaxation. An abnormal behavior, i.e., the transport properties are mainly dominated by NNO layer, rather than the top SRO layer, is found in SRO/NNO bilayers. The interfacial effects, including the interlayer exchange coupling and the interfacial Ni (3d)-O (2p)-Ru (4d) orbital hybridization/reconstruction, are confirmed in SRO/NNO bilayers. Meanwhile, it is found that the strain-induced structural adjustment of the sole NNO layer directly affects the interfacial structure, including Ni–O bond and Ni–O-Ru bond angle, and the magnetic pinning function on the SRO layer. It is suggested that due to the special island-shape SRO layer, the competition and combination of the strain effect on the NNO layer and the interfacial effect in SRO/NNO bilayers dominate the interfacial properties with substrate-orientation dependence. The physical properties of the bilayers can be controlled by the sole single-layer structure through the substrate-induced strain and interface engineering, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affected by the unstable pulse radiation and the pulsar directional errors, the statistical characteristics of the pulsar measurement noise may vary with time slowly and cannot be accurately determined, which cause the filtering accuracy of the extended Kalman filter(EKF) in pulsar navigation positioning system decline sharply or even diverge. To solve this problem, an adaptive extended Kalman filtering algorithm based on the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) is proposed. In this method, the high frequency noise is separated from measurement information of pulsar by the method of EMD, and the noise variance can be estimated to update the parameters of EKF. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with conventional EKF, the proposed method can adaptively track the change of the measurement noise, and still keeps high estimation accuracy with unknown measurement noise, the positioning accuracy of the pulsar navigation is improved simultaneously.

Aims: To characterise a novel 11.1 kb deletion that eliminated both of the duplicated α globin genes, giving rise to a typical [α.sup.0] thalassaemia phenotype in four carriers from a [...]