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To clarify the effect of Ce2O3 on the physical properties of electroslag remelting (ESR) slag, the viscosity of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-Ce2O3 ESR slag was determined by rotating cylinder method. The effects of Ce2O3 content and w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) (C/A) on slag viscosity were analyzed. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to calculated electrical conductivity of ESR slag. The results show that the viscosity of the slag decreases from 0.112 Pa·s to 0.040 Pa·s when a small amount of Ce2O3 (0%-8%) is added. However, excessive Ce2O3 (8%-24%) will cause the viscosity to increase from 0.040 Pa·s to 0.167 Pa·s. The viscosity decreases with the increase of C/A. Additionally, the electrical conductivity calculated by MD gradually increases with the increase of Ce2O3, from 81.21 S·m−1 to 155.78 S·m−1. With the increase in C/A and temperature, the conductivity shows an overall upward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]