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The attached microalgal–bacterial consortium (microalgae–bacteria biofilm, MBBF) has been increasingly recognized in wastewater treatment for its superior pollutant removal efficiency, resilience to toxic substances, and improved harvesting performance. This review initially discusses the advantages of MBBFs compared to activated sludge and suspended microalgal–bacterial consortia. These advantages stem from the coexistence of pollutant removal pathways for the bacteria and microalgae in MBBFs, as well as the synergistic interactions between the microalgae and bacteria that enhance pollutant removal and resilience capabilities. Subsequently, the establishment of the MBBF system is emphasized, covering the establishment process, influencing factors of MBBF formation, and the utilization of photobioreactors. Lastly, the challenges associated with implementing MBBFs in wastewater treatment are deliberated. This study aims to present a detailed and comprehensive overview of the application of MBBFs for wastewater treatment and biomass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eutrophication has been observed to decrease the ecological resilience of macrophyte‐dominated freshwater ecosystems, thereby resulting in more vulnerability to external perturbations and easily tipping into an algae‐dominated state. The stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) posits that plants exhibit positive plant–plant interaction (facilitation) in response to stress, potentially buffering the detrimental impacts of eutrophication. However, few studies attempted to link plant density with species‐species interactions and ecological resilience in the context of eutrophic stress. Here, we investigated how the density of neighbour plant species (Potamogeton lucens) affects the change rate of nutrients or Chl a (chlorophyll‐a) and target plant species (Potamogeton maackianus) along a gradient of nutrient levels (oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic) via a 42 days mesocosm experiment. Our objective was to corroborate: (1) species interactions may shift from competition to facilitation with the increased eutrophic stress. (2) High plant density is indispensable to generate facilitation and thereby augment ecological resilience under high eutrophic stress. Results showed that eutrophic scenarios significantly augmented chlorophyll‐a concentration and inhibited plant height, number of branches and leaves, showing that submerged macrophytes in eutrophic states are exposed to stressful conditions. However, the increasing density of neighbouring vegetation reduced nutrient and Chl a concentrations and enhanced the performance of Potamogeton maackianus in eutrophic conditions, but not in mesotrophic and oligotrophic conditions. Our results indicated that density‐dependent facilitation is more prevalent in eutrophic circumstances, and species interactions are likely transformed from competition to facilitation with increasing nutrient concentrations. Our research demonstrated that plant density could alter the relationship between facilitation and competition; high plant density is indispensable for the operation of the stress‐gradient hypothesis. Density‐dependent facilitation under severe conditions could mitigate the adverse influence of eutrophication. With freshwater ecosystems progressively subjected to eutrophication, harnessing the density‐dependent facilitation of submerged macrophytes in resilience‐driven management is crucial to inhibiting the transition to an algae‐dominated turbid state, which further broadens our understanding of the theory of alternative stable states in shallow lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to understand the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs included in the China Anti-hyperlipidemic Drug Database., Design: An approach of Chinese national database analysis was employed to screen clinical trials involving non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs from 1989 to 2019., Setting: The database was provided by the China National Medical Products Administration Information Centre., Participants: In total, 117 clinical studies with 8800 patients were selected from 2650 clinical trials of the Anti-hyperlipidemic Drug Database., Interventions: The non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs were divided into three groups: (1) fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, etofylline clofibrate); (2) nicotinic acid and derivatives (niacin, acipimox) and (3) others (probucol, cholestyramine)., Results: The results of this study show that first, gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common reactions (6.975%), which account for approximately 50% of the reported cases with ADRs. Second, cholestyramine (16.418%) and gemfibrozil (13.158%) were the most common gastrointestinal side effect-causing non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs, which account for one-third of the population. Third, niacin (7.879%) and gemfibrozil (5.000%) were the most likely cause of liver disease symptoms. Finally, niacin (10.909%) and acipimox (18.847%) were the major non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs with skin symptoms., Conclusion: This study revealed that gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common ADRs of fibrates, probucol and cholestyramine in the Chinese population. For nicotinic acid and derivatives, the ADRs of skin symptoms were the most common in China., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)