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Objective: To examine the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of ocular amyloidosis in a Chinese population. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 37 patients with ocular amyloidosis were collected and the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis were summarized and analyzed. Results: The 37 patients included 12 males and 25 females ranging in age from 22 to 75 years, with median age of 49 years. The clinical signs and symptoms included a conjunctival mass in 37 patients (100%), periorbital discomfort or pain in 29 patients (61.9%), ptosis in 18 patients (23.8%), exophthalmos or eyeball displacement in 3 patients (14.3%), restricted eye movement in 2 patients (9.52%), vision loss in 1 patient (4.76%), and diplopia in 1 patient (4.76%). A total of 29 patients had only conjunctival involvement and 8 patients had concomitant orbital and conjunctival involvement. The main treatment for patients with conjunctival involvement was surgical resection. Thirty-one patients had stable disease, 4 patients progressed or relapsed, and 2 patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Ocular amyloidosis most commonly presents as an eyelid or conjunctival mass or diffuse thickening and can also present as an orbital mass. Diagnosis is mainly dependent on histopathological examination. Surgery is the main treatment and is done to confirm the diagnosis to guide further treatment, preserve function, and prevent complications that threaten visual acuity. Close postoperative follow-up is necessary. Keypoints: • Ocular amyloidosis most commonly presents as an eyelid or conjunctival mass or diffuse thickening and can also present as an orbital mass. • Diagnosis is mainly dependent on histopathological examination. Surgery is the main treatment and is done to confirm the diagnosis to guide further treatment, preserve function, and prevent complications that threaten visual acuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tilting of the cab seat when the tractor is in deep ploughing operation changes the sitting position of the driver, which may accelerate lumbar spine injury. This paper adopts the musculoskeletal model and the finite element model of the lumbar L4–L5 segment to predict the maximum Von-Mises stress and maximum strain of the driver's lumbar L4–L5 segment intervertebral disc. In this study, we used 3D motion capture to obtain the driver's spine position spatial data when the tractor tilted at different angles. A tractor-driver musculoskeletal model and a finite element model of the lumbar spine L4–L5 segments were created in AnyBody™ and Abaqus, respectively. The tractor-driver musculoskeletal model was used to calculate the load of the driver's lumbar spine L4–L5 segment at different angles of tractor tilt, which was used as the load condition of the finite element model of the lumbar spine L4–L5 segment, and then the influence of tractor tilt angle and vibration on the driver's lumbar spine L4–L5 disc was studied. The results show that the maximum Von-Mises stress and maximum strain of the driver's lumbar L4–L5 intervertebral disc will increase due to the tilt. The maximum Von-Mises stress occurs in the annulus II, and the maximum strain occurs in the upper end plate of the intervertebral disc. With the occurrence of tilt, the position of the maximum Von-Mises stress changes, which can lead to disc injury to the driver, and vibration may exacerbate this injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the surface quality of Yuba skin is determined by sensory methods. In order to realize the intelligent classification detection of Yuba skin quality, this study designed a system that automatically determines the quality of Yuba skin surfaces based on image processing and support vector machine (SVM) approaches. Specifically, the system uses image preprocessing to extract the grayscale eigenvalues, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) eigenvalues, and gray level run length matrix (GLRLM) eigenvalues of the sample image and uses them as input values for a quality grading system. Through model evaluation of three classification models, the SVM classification model was selected according to the evaluation results, and different kernel functions were used in the model for sample training. Based on Matlab, the quality grading software of Yuba skin was developed and designed. Intelligent detection and grading were realized through the radial basis kernel function support vector machine (RBF-SVM) grading model. The best penalty factor (c = 3.50) and kernel parameter value (g = 0.98) were obtained through cross-validation. The accuracy of the model was 95.31% and 94.16% for the training and test sets, respectively. The grading accuracy of the RBF-SVM grading system was 93.56%, and the error was less than 5% compared with the traditional sensory method of grading; thus, the quality classification method based on the SVM classification system for Yuba skin is feasible and can be used for quality detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tilting of the tractors' seat during deep tillage operations affects the drivers' sitting position, which can lead to lumbar spine injuries. To investigate the effect of seat tilting on the driver's L4 biomechanics, we built a tractor-driver musculoskeletal model in AnyBody™. The maximum activity of the driver's erector spinae at different tilted angles were measured by sEMG and compared with the simulation results to validate the model. The spatial position of the driver's spine at different tilted angles were obtained by 3 D motion capture. The model simulated the driver's spine posture during the actual tilt and investigated the effects of different tilted angles and vibration on the biomechanics of the driver's L4. The results showed that as the tilt angle of the tractor increased, the load on the driver's L4 also increased, especially the shear force increased at a faster rate than the axial and normal forces, with the shear force on the driver's L4 increasing from 0 N to 138.7 N when the tractor was tilted from 0° to 15°. When vibration was applied to the musculoskeletal model, the maximum value of the shear force on the driver became progressively greater as the angle of tilt of the tractor increased. Overall, tilting the tractor can have a large impact on the biomechanics of the driver's L4, and tilting the tractor may be an important cause of lumbar spine injuries for tractor drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest fruit harvesting is carried out through two ways: manual harvesting and machine harvesting. Mechanical vibration will become the future development trend because of the high harvesting efficiency and short picking cycle of this method. However, appropriate vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, and action time are required to improve the fruit harvesting rate. At the same time, it is ensured that the vibration type forest fruit harvesting machine is in the harvesting process to minimize the damage to the fruit trees. The vibration frequency and amplitude of the existing vibration harvesting machine are relatively single, and the result of energy transfer loss is extensive fruit tree damage. Therefore, this study proposes a branch-stalk-fruit of apple as a base system. The article investigates the vibration mechanism and separation deformation law of apple tree branches through dynamic tests and simulations. Through experiments, it was found that when the vibration frequency is 3 Hz and the vibration amplitude is 20 mm, the maximum separation force experienced by the apple is 18.71N, greater than the binding force between the stem and the branch, and can achieve fruit shedding. This study provides some theoretical insights into the efficient mechanical vibration harvesting of apples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has found that children can engage in rectification of pre‐existing inequality by allocating more resources to individuals and groups of disadvantaged status, but less research has investigated how children address the inequalities using resources of different values, especially when they are linked to group membership (i.e., in‐group or out‐group member) in the first‐party (Study 1) and third‐party contexts (Study 2). To address these issues, children aged 5–6 years and 7–8 years were assigned four distribution tasks in each study, in which they were asked to allocate resources of different values to disadvantaged or advantaged persons who were either in‐group or out‐group members and then, reason about their decisions. We found that children used resources of different values to rectify inequalities in the intergroup context overall. Specifically, younger children demonstrated group bias in their rectification of inequalities in both first‐ and third‐party contexts whereas older children overcame group bias and were more concerned about inequality status during allocation. Thus, with age, children were better able to deal with the conflict between inequality status and group bias using resources of different values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]