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This paper constructs a Bayesian network structure learning model using both the Bayesian network and the Notears algorithm. Combined with acyclic graph and conditional probability table, the structure and parameters of BN are described respectively. Focusing on the basic methods of Bayesian network structure, the hybrid algorithm based on Notears is chosen as the basic method of structure learning by analyzing the application of the evaluation search method, constraint method and hybrid search algorithm. The results show that the ideal education management method should focus on the integration with real life, so much so that it has a low rate of detachment from reality as well as a low rate of theory, accounting for 0.35 and 0.4, respectively. The traditional way of management of ideology and political education in colleges and universities is more theoretical and detached from the actual situation of education and management, with theoretical management accounting for 0.75, and management is inefficient, with a percentage of 0.6. The research in this paper promotes, to a certain extent, the innovation of the management of the ideological education in colleges and universities, for the management of ideological education in colleges and universities.

为绿色高效制备生物柴油，利用L-天冬氨酸离子液体（\[Asp\]HSO4）联合猪胰脂肪酶催化油酸制备油酸甲酯，采用单因素实验探究了反应时间、醇酸物质的量比、\[Asp\]HSO4用量、猪胰脂肪酶用量和反应温度对转化率的影响，在此基础上，采用正交实验进行优化，得到\[Asp\]HSO4联合猪胰脂肪酶催化油酸酯化反应的最优工艺条件为\[Asp\]HSO4用量6%、醇酸物质的量比5.5∶ 1、猪胰脂肪酶用量4%、反应时间21 h、反应温度45 ℃，在此条件下转化率可达91.91%。\[Asp\]HSO4可降低甲醇和温度对猪胰脂肪酶催化活性的影响，对猪胰脂肪酶催化油酸酯化具有协同效应。 In order to prepare biodiesel greenly and efficiently，L-Aspartic acid ionic liquid (\[Asp\]HSO4) combined with porcine pancreatic lipase was used to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid to prepare methyl oleate. The effects of reaction time, molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid, amount of \[Asp\]HSO4, amount of porcine pancreatic lipase, and the reaction temperature on the conversion rate were investigated by single factor experiment.Then the esterification process conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment as follows: amount of \[Asp\]HSO4 6%, molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid 5.5∶ 1, amount of porcine pancreatic lipase 4%, reaction time 21 h, and reaction temperature 45 ℃. The conversion rate could reach 91.91% under the optimal conditions.\[Asp\]HSO4can reduce the effects of methanol and temperature on the catalytic activity of porcine pancreatic lipase,and has synergistic effect on the esterification of oleic acid catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated widespread brain neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neurobiological and pathogenic substrates underlying this structural atrophy across the AD spectrum remain largely understood. Methods: In this study, we obtained structural MRI data from ADNI datasets, including 83 participants with early-stage cognitive impairments (EMCI), 83 with late-stage mild cognitive impairments (LMCI), 83 with AD, and 83 with normal controls (NC). Our goal was to explore structural atrophy across the full clinical AD spectrum and investigate the genetic mechanism using gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Results: As a result, we identified significant volume atrophy in the left thalamus, left cerebellum, and bilateral middle frontal gyrus across the AD spectrum. These structural changes were positively associated with the expression levels of genes such as ABCA7, SORCS1, SORL1, PILRA, PFDN1, PLXNA4, TRIP4, and CD2AP, while they were negatively associated with the expression levels of genes such as CD33, PLCG2, APOE, and ECHDC3 across the clinical AD spectrum. Further gene enrichment analyses revealed that the positively associated genes were mainly involved in the positive regulation of cellular protein localization and the negative regulation of cellular component organization, whereas the negatively associated genes were mainly involved in the positive regulation of iron transport. Conclusion: Overall, these results provide a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying structural changes in prodromal and clinical AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a method of designing quasi‐elliptic bandpass filter with ultrabroad reflectionless bandwidth and high selectivity is proposed. It is implemented on the basis of a quasi‐elliptic absorptive lowpass filter (ALPF) prototype that features both a low‐reflection response over all normalized frequencies and two controllable transmission zeros near the passband. A distributed‐element absorptive bandpass filter (ABPF) scheme using coupled‐line units is derived from this quasi‐elliptic ALPF prototype. With this distributed‐element ABPF scheme, both ultrabroad reflectionless bandwidth and compact size can be realized. Equations for closed‐form design are derived. A microstrip ABPF operating at 2.0 GHz (i.e., f0) is designed for validation. The measured roll‐off rates of the upper and lower transition bands are 116.44 and 157.41 dBc/GHz, respectively. The return loss is better than 10 dB from direct current to 6.25f0. The size of the overall circuit is 0.12λg2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Accurate segmentation of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesions from MR images plays an important role in surgical planning and decision but is still challenging for radiologists and clinicians. In this study, we introduce a novel transformer-based model, designed for the end-to-end segmentation of FCD lesions from multi-channel MR images. Methods: The core innovation of our proposed model is the integration of a convolutional neural network-based encoder-decoder structure with a multiscale transformer to augment the feature representation of lesions in the global field of view. Transformer pathways, composed of memory- and computation-efficient dual-self-attention modules, leverage feature maps from varying depths of the encoder to discern long-range interdependencies among feature positions and channels, thereby emphasizing areas and channels relevant to lesions. The proposed model was trained and evaluated on a public-open dataset including MR images of 85 patients using both subject-level and voxel-level metrics. Results: Experimental results indicate that our model offers superior performance both quantitatively and qualitatively. It successfully identified lesions in 82.4% of patients, with a low false-positive lesion cluster rate of 0.176 ± 0.381 per patient. Furthermore, the model achieved an average Dice coefficient of 0.410 ± 0.288, outperforming five established methods. Conclusion: Integration of the transformer could enhance the feature presentation and segmentation performance of FCD lesions. The proposed model has the potential to serve as a valuable assistive tool for physicians, enabling rapid and accurate identification of FCD lesions. The source code and pre-trained model weights are available at https://github.com/zhangxd0530/MS-DSA-NET. Critical relevance statement: This multiscale transformer-based model performs segmentation of focal cortical dysplasia lesions, aiming to help radiologists and clinicians make accurate and efficient preoperative evaluations of focal cortical dysplasia patients from MR images. Key Points: The first transformer-based model was built to explore focal cortical dysplasia lesion segmentation. Integration of global and local features enhances the segmentation performance of lesions. A valuable benchmark for model development and comparative analyses was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a generative model for the inverse design of dual-band filters based on a type of modified complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR). It consists of a series of convolutional neural networks that incorporate the conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network (GAN) technique. The filters are designed by etching the modified CSRRs on the surface of substrate-integrated waveguides. This design allows us to achieve two passbands with a compact size. In this GAN-based generative model, the CSRRs are represented as two-dimensional matrices. Each matrix corresponds to a training sample of the designed filter, and its S-parameters are extracted through an HFSS simulation. Both the matrices and the S-parameters are fed into the model as the training datasets. Different CSRRs with various sizes are employed for a wider applicable frequency band. Normalized matrices and normalized S-parameters are utilized to simplify the complex generative model resulting from the variations in CSRR sizes. The effectiveness of the generative model is validated through four design examples of dual-band filters, with their center frequencies located within 5 to 18 GHz. The inference time for each design is approximately 18.5 min. The measurement results of the fabricated filters are in good agreement with the simulation ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although mesenchymal progenitor cells can be isolated from periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues using stem cell markers STRO-1 and CD146, the proportion of these cells that have the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell lineages remains to be determined. This study was designed to quantify the proportions of primary human PDL cells that can undergo multilineage differentiation and to compare the magnitude of these capabilities relative to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and parental PDL (PPDL) cells. PDL mesenchymal progenitor (PMP) cells were isolated from PPDL cells using the markers STRO-1 and CD146. The colony-forming efficiency and multilineage differentiation potential of PMP, PPDL, and MSCs under chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic conditions were determined. Flow cytometry revealed that on average 2.6% of PPDL cells were STRO-1(+)/CD146(+), whereas more than 63% were STRO-1(-)/CD146(-). Colony-forming efficiency of STRO-1(+)/CD146(+) PMP cells (19.3%) and MSCs (16.7%) was significantly higher than that of PPDL cells (6.8%). Cartilage-specific genes, early markers of osteoblastic differentiation, and adipogenic markers were significantly upregulated under appropriate conditions in PMP cells and MSCs compared to either their noninduced counterparts or induced PPDL cells. Consistent with these findings, immunohistochemistry revealed substantial accumulation of cartilaginous macromolecules, mineralized calcium nodules, and lipid vacuoles under chondrogenic, osteogenic, or adipogenic conditions in PMP and MSC cultures, respectively, compared to noninduced controls or induced PPDL cells. Thus STRO-1(+)/CD146(+) PMP cells demonstrate multilineage differentiation capacity comparable in magnitude to MSCs and could potentially be utilized for regeneration of the periodontium and other tissues.

A self‐equalized linear‐phase microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) utilizing negative group delay (NGD) parallel‐coupled three‐line (PCTL) units is presented in this letter. The NGD PCTL unit possesses an NGD valley in its frequency response of group delay (GD). By a combination of two or more NGD valleys, the sharp positive GD peaks at passband edges of a conventional coupled‐line BPF are counterbalanced, resulting in a linear phase response over the entire passband. A prototype of linear‐phase BPF in S‐band is designed by replacing two coupled‐line units in a three‐pole conventional BPF with the proposed NGD PCTL units. Measured passband GD fluctuation of the BPF utilizing NGD PCTL units is 0.5 ns while that of the BPF using conventional coupled‐line units is 1.7 ns, a considerable improvement of 70.5% is achieved with no increase in overall time delay. The out‐of‐band suppression is well retained, and the circuit size is 0.18 λg2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]