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Based on the event-study methodology, this study investigates the effect of China's milestone registration-based initial public offering (IPO) system reform on stock price efficiency and price discovery. Our findings indicate that the reform improves price efficiency in the short and long term. Price discovery under the registration-based IPO system is stronger than under the approval system. Additionally, the reform's effect on investor sentiment and institutional transaction costs can affect price efficiency and price discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A physical unclonable function (PUF) is a technology designed to safeguard sensitive information and ensure data security. PUFs generate unique responses for each challenge by leveraging random deviations in the physical microstructures of integrated circuits (ICs), making it incredibly difficult to replicate them. However, traditional silicon PUFs are now susceptible to various attacks, such as modeling attacks using conventional machine learning techniques and reverse engineering strategies. As a result, PUFs based on new materials or methods are being developed to enhance their security. However, in the realm of survey papers, it has come to our attention that there is a notable scarcity of comprehensive summaries and introductions concerning these emerging PUFs. To fill this gap, this article surveys PUFs based on novel technologies in the literature. In particular, we first provide an insightful overview of four types of PUFs that are rooted in advanced technologies: bionic optical PUF, biological PUF, PUF based on printed electronics (PE), and PUF based on memristors. Based on the overview, we further discuss the evaluation results of their performance based on specific metrics and conduct a comparative analysis of their performance. Despite significant progress in areas such as limited entry and regional expertise, it is worth noting that these PUFs still have room for improvement. Therefore, we have identified their potential shortcomings and areas that require further development. Moreover, we outline various applications of PUFs and propose our own future prospects for this technology. To sum up, this article contributes to the understanding of PUFs based on novel technologies by providing an in-depth analysis of their characteristics, performance evaluation, and potential improvements. It also sheds light on the wide range of applications for PUFs and presents enticing prospects for future advancements in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received extensive attention due to their excellent performances, but most of the absorber layers of such solar cells contain the toxic lead element. Replacing lead with environmentally friendly elements is one of the most essential tasks in the PSCs research field. Tin-based PSCs have emerged owing to their excellent light absorption characteristics. In this work, an Sn-based PSCs inverted structure with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the interfacial layer is proposed, and the performance is studied by the numerical simulation program SCAPS-1D. The influence of the main parameters of the MoS2 layer and absorber layer and the interfacial defect state on the solar cell performance parameters is studied. This study shows that the 20 nm MoS2 layer can improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) by up to 20%. The optimized results from the structure give a PCE of 18.13%, which is comparable to popular solar cells. This work provides a new idea for developing PSCs with a combination of the inorganic hole transport layer and molybdenum disulfide in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]