Search

H−T phase diagrams for chromium oxide chloride (CrOCl) are usually obtained using data from the measurements of magnetization and specific heats. Recent works suggest that magnetic anisotropy exists in CrOCl. In this work, we use dynamic cantilever magnetometry, which is sensitive to both magnetization and magnetic anisotropy, to probe phase transitions in CrOCl flakes. Together with magnetization measurements from a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, four major regions of the CrOCl H−T phase diagram along its c-axis are obtained, which is consistent with the previously reported works. Then, we studied magnetic field induced transitions in CrOCl flakes under four different temperatures. Several transitions in antiferromagnetic state and in incommensurate state, which have not been reported before, were recognized. We believe these transitions probably originate from magnetic anisotropy due to magnetoelastic coupling and lattice reconstruction in CrOCl. Our work provides intriguing experimental results on the intricate magnetic structure of CrOCl, making progress in understanding the rich magnetic states of CrOCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this preliminary investigation into the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia was to screen the differential proteins in the serum of pregnant women with normal pregnancy and early‐onset pre‐eclampsia using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), so as to identify serum biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia. Methods: We examined the peripheral serum of 58 normal pregnant women and 42 pregnant women with early‐onset pre‐eclampsia using iTRAQ; the differentially expressed proteins were screened for bioinformatics analysis; and the expression of candidate proteins human leukocyte antigen‐1 (HLA‐1) and β2‐microglobulin (β2M) in placental tissues was detected using western blot. Results: We identified a total of 63 differential proteins in the serum of patients from the normal control group and the pre‐eclampsia group, and this included 24 up‐regulated proteins and 39 down‐regulated proteins. The western blot results of placental tissue showed reduced HLA‐1 expression (1.12 ± 0.23) in the placenta in the pre‐eclampsia group as compared with the normal control group (1.34 ± 0.22). Consistent with the results observed in the serum, β2M in the placenta in the pre‐eclampsia group was significantly elevated (1.05 ± 0.47) in comparison with the normal group (0.75 ± 0.33) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we found that iTRAQ technology was useful for identifying differentially expressed proteins in the peripheral serum of pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, and that HLA‐1 and β2M, which may be involved in the occurrence of pre‐eclampsia, show promise as predictive markers of pre‐eclampsia. Synopsis: This study used iTRAQ to identify differential proteins in pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, indicating HLA‐1 and β2M as potential predictive markers for early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐label image recognition (MLR) is a significant branch of image classification that aims to assign multiple categorical labels to each input. Previous research has focused on enhancing the learning of category‐related regional features. However, the potential impact of multi‐scale distributions in intra‐ and inter‐category targets on MLR tends to be neglected. Besides, semantic consistency for categories is restricted to be considered on single‐scale features, resulting in suboptimal feature extraction. To address the limitations of above, a Multi‐stage Feature Aggregation (MSFA) network is proposed. In MSFA, a novel local feature extraction method is suggested to progressively extract category‐related high‐resolution local features in both spatial and channel dimensions. Subsequently, local and global features are fused without additional up‐ and down‐sampling to enrich the scale diversity of the features while incorporating refined class‐specific information. Furthermore, a hierarchical prediction scheme for MLR is proposed, which generates classification confidence corresponding to different scales under hierarchical loss supervision. Consequently, the final output of the network comes from the joint prediction by the classifiers on multi‐scale features, ensuring a stronger feature extraction capability. The extensive experiments have been carried on VOC and MS‐COCO datasets, and the superiority of MSFA over existing mainstream methods has been verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integral sliding mode observer-based fixed-time multi-faults estimation method is proposed to solve the problem of fast fault estimation for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple types of faults simultaneously. First, a class of nonlinear systems with actuator and sensor faults is considered, and the original system is transformed into two subsystems through coordinate transformation to decouple the actuator and sensor faults. Then, intermediate variables are introduced to transform sensor faults into actuator faults of the augmented systems. For the transformed system, a fixed-time fault observer based on integral sliding mode is designed to realize the fast estimation of unknown terms, and the fixed-time convergence performance is proved. Moreover, based on the output of the fault observer, the actuator and sensor faults in the original system are reconstructed. Finally, the fault model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is established in the hardware-in-the-loop platform, and the effectiveness of the designed fault estimation method is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free energy principle and its corollary, the active inference framework, serve as theoretical foundations in the domain of neuroscience, explaining the genesis of intelligent behavior. This principle states that the processes of perception, learning, and decision making—within an agent—are all driven by the objective of "minimizing free energy," evincing the following behaviors: learning and employing a generative model of the environment to interpret observations, thereby achieving perception, and selecting actions to maintain a stable preferred state and minimize the uncertainty about the environment, thereby achieving decision making. This fundamental principle can be used to explain how the brain processes perceptual information, learns about the environment, and selects actions. Two pivotal tenets are that the agent employs a generative model for perception and planning and that interaction with the world (and other agents) enhances the performance of the generative model and augments perception. With the evolution of control theory and deep learning tools, agents based on the FEP have been instantiated in various ways across different domains, guiding the design of a multitude of generative models and decision-making algorithms. This letter first introduces the basic concepts of the FEP, followed by its historical development and connections with other theories of intelligence, and then delves into the specific application of the FEP to perception and decision making, encompassing both low-dimensional simple situations and high-dimensional complex situations. It compares the FEP with model-based reinforcement learning to show that the FEP provides a better objective function. We illustrate this using numerical studies of Dreamer3 by adding expected information gain into the standard objective function. In a complementary fashion, existing reinforcement learning, and deep learning algorithms can also help implement the FEP-based agents. Finally, we discuss the various capabilities that agents need to possess in complex environments and state that the FEP can aid agents in acquiring these capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with mood disorders usually require repeated and prolonged hospitalization, resulting in a heavy burden on healthcare resources. This study aims to identify variables associated with length of stay(LOS) of repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders and to provide information for optimizing psychiatry management and healthcare resource allocation. Methods: Electronic medical records (EMRs) of repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders from January 2010 to December 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square and t-test were adopted to investigate the differences in characteristics between the two groups of short LOS and long LOS. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was conducted to investigate potential factors influencing LOS. Results: A total of 2,009 repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders were enrolled, of which 797 (39.7%) had a long LOS and 1,212 (60.3%) had a short LOS. Adverse effects of treatment, continuous clinical manifestation, chronic onset type, suicide attempt, comorbidity and use of antidepressants were positively associated with long LOS among all repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders (P < 0.050). For patients with depression, factors associated with long LOS consisted of age, monthly income, adverse effects of treatment, continuous clinical manifestation, suicide attempt and comorbidity (P < 0.050). Whereas, for patients with bipolar disorder (BD), adverse effects of treatment, four or more hospitalizations and use of antidepressants contributed to the long LOS (P < 0.050). Influencing factors of LOS also vary among patients with different effectiveness of treatment. Conclusion: The LOS in repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders was influenced by multiple factors. There were discrepancies in the factors affecting LOS in patients with different diagnoses and effectiveness of treatment, and specific factors should be addressed when evaluating the LOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Development of high-performance metal sulfides anode materials is a great challenge for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, a cobalt-based imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) were firstly synthesized and applied as precursor. After the successive surface etching, ion exchange and sulfidation processes, the final cobalt-vanadium sulfide yolk-shell nanocages were obtained (CoS 2 /VS 4 @NC) with VS 4 shell and CoS 2 yolk encapsulated into nitrogen doped carbon frameworks. This yolk-shell nanocage structure effectively increases the specific surface area and provides enough space for inhibiting the volume change during charge/discharge processes. Besides, the nitrogen doped carbon skeleton greatly improves the ionic conductivity and facilitates ion transport. When used as the anode materials for SIBs, the yolk-shell nanocages of CoS 2 /VS 4 @NC electrode exhibits excellent rate capability and stable cycle performance. Notably, it displays a long-term cycling stability with excellent capacity of 417.28 mA h g−1 after 700 cycles at a high current density of 5 A/g. This developed approach here provides a new route for the design and synthesis of various yolk-shell nanocages nanomaterials from enormous MOFs with multitudinous compositions and morphologies and can be extended to the application into other secondary batteries and energy storage fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a prevalent vascular dementia and common comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While it is known that vascular fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) deposits leads to vascular deterioration and can drive parenchymal CAA related inflammation (CAA-ri), underlying mechanisms of CAA pathology remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted brain regional proteomic analysis of early and late disease stages in the rTg-DI CAA rat model to gain molecular insight to mechanisms of CAA/CAA-ri progression and identify potential brain protein markers of CAA/CAA-ri. Longitudinal brain regional proteomic analysis revealed increased differentially expressed proteins (DEP) including ANXA3, HTRA1, APOE, CST3, and CLU, shared between the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, at both stages of disease in rTg-DI rats. Subsequent pathway analysis indicated pathway enrichment and predicted activation of TGF-β1, which was confirmed by immunolabeling and ELISA. Further, we identified numerous CAA related DEPs associate with astrocytes (HSPB1 and MLC1) and microglia (ANXA3, SPARC, TGF-β1) not previously associated with astrocytes or microglia in other AD models, possibly indicating that they are specific to CAA-ri. Thus, the data presented here identify several potential brain protein biomarkers of CAA/CAA-ri while providing novel molecular and mechanistic insight to mechanisms of CAA and CAA-ri pathological progression and glial cell mediated responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how perceived crowding stimulates tourists' emotional reactions and affects their experience quality as well as satisfaction. Based on Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, it examined and verified relationship between perceived crowding and tourist satisfaction with mixed-methods approach. The qualitative study was conducted to establish research model, and multigroup analysis was conducted with data collected from hot springs and coastal destinations. The results indicated that human crowding is no longer a positive signal in both sites. Experience quality mediates relationship between emotional reactions aroused by perceived crowding and tourist satisfaction. The findings deepen understanding of crowding and provide effective management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic nose aims to emulate the olfactory capabilities of osmatic animals, utilizing olfactory sensing array with different sensing characteristics to perceive odors. However, the separate precursors and preparation methods of sensing materials pose challenges in the fabrication of an olfactory sensing array. In this work, the customization of the surface crystal phase of Sr─Fe─O materials (SFO) is demonstrated through the control of annealing temperature, enabling the simple fabrication of an olfactory sensing array using a single precursor. Significantly, the SFO materials exhibit diverse proportions of surface crystal phases, showcasing varied selective characteristics toward volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The materials also demonstrate remarkable responsiveness, linearity, and response/recovery times. Furthermore, this study unraveles the intricate gas‐sensor mechanism through first principle calculations, revealing that Fe spin‐down d band center of Sr3Fe2O7, located near the Fermi level, significantly enhances the binding strength of intermediates, leading to a higher response specifically to certain VOCs. Integrating these materials into a unified device, the sensor array quantitatively and discriminatively detected different VOCs. The results indicate that SFO materials hold tremendous potential as a promising and easily manufacturable olfactory material system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address issues of high water content and low calorific value during combustion of municipal sludge, we added water-absorbent, easy-to-burn agricultural waste to improve the overall combustion performance. Cotton straw or corn stover were added to the sludge and mixed at high-speed to compare their capacities for improving combustion performance. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that cotton straw or corn stover attached to the surface of the municipal sludge particles after blending, while analysis of thermogravimetric curves and activation energies of the blends showed that combustion and exhaustion rates increased significantly when 40% cotton straw or corn stover were blended into the sludge. Using the quadrilateral cut-ring boiler as a prototype, the mix of sludge with cotton straw or corn stover was simulated, and FLUENT software was used to obtain the temperature and pollutant emissions of the boiler. Sludge blended with cotton straw or corn stover increased furnace temperature and reduced SO2 and NO emissions, while that with cotton straw burned at higher temperatures with lower SO2 and NO emissions. Overall, the CO content of sludge combustion was lower when blended with proportions of cotton straw or corn stover under 50%. The findings of this study lay a theoretical foundation for treatment of municipal sludge according to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The advent of full‐length transcriptome sequencing technologies has accelerated the discovery of novel splicing isoforms. However, existing alternative splicing (AS) tools are either tailored for short‐read RNA‐Seq data or designed for human and animal studies. The disparities in AS patterns between plants and animals still pose a challenge to the reliable identification and functional exploration of novel isoforms in plants.Here, we developed integrated full‐length alternative splicing analysis (iFLAS), a plant‐optimized AS toolkit that introduced a semi‐supervised machine learning method known as positive‐unlabeled (PU) learning to accurately identify novel isoforms. iFLAS also enables the investigation of AS functions from various perspectives, such as differential AS, poly(A) tail length, and allele‐specific AS (ASAS) analyses.By applying iFLAS to three full‐length transcriptome sequencing datasets, we systematically identified and functionally characterized maize (Zea mays) AS patterns. We found intron retention not only introduces premature termination codons, resulting in lower expression levels of isoforms, but may also regulate the length of 3′UTR and poly(A) tail, thereby affecting the functional differentiation of isoforms. Moreover, we observed distinct ASAS patterns in two genes within heterosis offspring, highlighting their potential value in breeding.These results underscore the broad applicability of iFLAS in plant full‐length transcriptome‐based AS research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the longevity of medical devices in physiological environments, a series of TiZrNbTaMoC x N y coatings were fabricated on 316L stainless steel using RF magnetron sputtering. The work demonstrated that appropriate carbon doping can effectively enhance the density, electrochemical properties, and resistance to tribo-corrosion of the coatings. Among the tested samples, coating S4 with a carbon content of 24 at. % exhibited the lowest wear rate (6.496 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1) during the tribo-corrosion tests, due to its favorable lubrication characteristic (COF = 0.127) and enhanced resistance to plastic deformation (H3/E2 = 0.78 Gpa). Additionally, coating S5 with a carbon content of 28 at. % showed superior electrochemical performance (i c o r r = 5.21 × 10−8 A), attributed to its higher coating density and ability to form passive films. Both S4 and S5 exhibited superior biocompatibility compared to 316L. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of downhole optical cables has significantly enhanced the efficiency and reliability of oilfield production operations; however, the challenging high-temperature and high-pressure conditions prevalent in oil-gas fields markedly reduce the service lifespan of these optical cables. This limitation severely impedes their application and further development in subterranean environments. In this study, a qualitative analysis was conducted on the structural materials utilized in two types of optical cables to identify these materials and assess the high-temperature tolerance and aging resistance properties of the optical fibers incorporated within. It was discovered that hydrogen infiltration into the subterranean optical cables predominantly accounts for their operational failure. To address this issue, an optical loss testing platform was established, facilitating the execution of a high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen permeation aging experiment on the optical fibers, allowing for the evaluation of the hydrogen resistance capabilities of the two types of optical fibers. The findings from this study provide a theoretical foundation and methodological guidance for the optimization of optical fibers, aiming to enhance their durability and functional performance in adverse environmental conditions encountered in oil-gas field applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted wind tunnel tests to verify a passive jet flow control method for suppressing the aerodynamic force on a chamfered square cylinder at a moderate Reynolds number, focusing on the influence of the opening parameters and the spanwise spacing ratio of hollow pipes on the jet flow control effect. The pressure coefficient distribution on the surface of the cylinder and the overall aerodynamic coefficient were considered in order to systematically analyze the influence of opening shape, opening number, opening height, pipe height, and pipe radial thickness, and to determine the optimal combination of opening parameters. Subsequently, we analyzed the influence of the spanwise spacing ratio on passive jet flow control. Furthermore, the optimal arrangement of the hollow pipe was derived by comparing the aerodynamic coefficients of uncontrolled and controlled cylinders. The results revealed that the passive jet hollow pipe significantly reduces the root mean-square value of the pressure coefficient and the fluctuation of the lift coefficient. Moreover, the platform area of the mean pressure coefficient at the leeward side of the cylinder increases and the mean drag coefficient decreases. The spectrum analysis results showed that the passive jet flow control pipe alters the frequency and intensity of vortex shedding in the wake region. All results indicated that the aerodynamic forces and wakes of a chamfered square cylinder are effectively controlled through jet flow control with perforated hollow pipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) perform key regulatory functions in osteosarcoma (OS) tumorigenesis. In this study, we aimed to explore the detailed action mechanisms of circ_0049271 in OS progression. Cell colony formation, cell counting kit-8, and transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation and invasion of OS cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of polymerase 1 and transcript release factor (PTRF), microRNA (miR)-1197, and circ_0049271 in OS cells. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays were conducted to explore the targeted relationships among PTRF, miR-1197, and circ_0049271. Finally, a tumor formation assay was conducted to determine the effects of circ_0049271 on in vivo tumor growth in mice. High expression levels of miR-1197 and low levels of circ_0049271 and PTRF were observed in OS cells. circ _0049271 targeted miR-1197 to mediate PTRF expression. Moreover, the proliferation and invasion of OS cells were repressed by circ_0049271 or PTRF overexpression and increased by miR-1197 upregulation. Enforced circ_0049271 also impeded tumor growth in vivo. Upregulation of miR-1197 reversed the antitumor effects of circ_0049271 on OS progression in vitro; however, PTRF overexpression attenuated the cancer-promoting effects of miR-1197 on OS in vitro. Our findings revealed that circ_0049271 targeted the miR-1197/PTRF axis to attenuate the malignancy of OS, suggesting a potential target for its clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fuel cells need the high step-up DC/DC converter with low current ripples to interface to the high voltage DC grid. A novel zero voltage switching high step-up multiphase interleaved boost converter (ZVS HSMIBC) is proposed in this paper. This new converter employs advantages of low input current ripples, high voltage step-up ratio, soft-switching operation, and low switching harmonics and noise. In this paper, the two-phase interleaved structure of the proposed ZVS HSMIBC is analyzed and researched in detail as a representative topology. The relevant conclusions also can apply to multiphase (3 and above) interleaved structure of the HSMIBC. Finally, an experimental prototype is built and test, the experimental results show that the proposed converter can operated under ZVS conditions with low input current ripples and low switching noise and harmonics. In addition, this converter can obtain high voltage step-up ratio up to 45 (mn = 8, d = 0.8) with high efficiency, and proportion of the experimental ratios to theoretical ratios is also high (not less than 0.8). • A high step-up multiphase interleaved boost converter is proposed for the fuel cell power system. • The converter includes soft-switching circuit, high voltage ratio circuit, and interleaved structure. • The converter employs advantages of low input current ripples, high voltage gain, and low switching harmonics. • The operating principle and performance of the converter is verified by an experimental prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differences between conventional sonar and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) sonar systems arise in achieving high angular and range resolution. MIMO sonar uses Matched Filtering (MF) with well-correlated transmitted signals to enhance spatial resolution by obtaining virtual arrays. However, imperfect correlation characteristics yield high sidelobe values, which hinder accurate target localization in underwater imagery. To address this, a Compressed Sensing (CS) method is proposed by reconstructing echo signals to suppress correlation noise between orthogonal waveforms. A shifted dictionary matrix and a deterministic Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) measurement matrix are used to multiply received echo signals to yield compressed measurements. A sparse recovery algorithm is applied to optimize signal reconstruction before joint transmit–receive beamforming forms a 2D sonar image in the angle-range domain. Numerical simulations and lake experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, by obtaining a lower sidelobe sonar image under sub-Nyquist sampling rates as compared with other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetation classification, biomass assessment, and wildfire dynamics are interconnected wildfire-ecosystem components. The Chongli District, located in Zhangjiakou City, was the venue for skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Its high mountains and dense forests create a unique environment. The establishment of alpine ski resorts highlighted the importance of comprehensive forest surveys. Understanding vegetation types and their biomass is critical to assessing the distribution of local forest resources and predicting the likelihood of forest fires. This study used satellite multispectral data from the Sentinel-2B satellite to classify the surface vegetation in the Chongli District through K-means clustering. By combining this classification with a biomass inversion model, the total biomass of the survey area can be calculated. The biomass inversion equation established based on multispectral remote sensing data and terrain information in the Chongli area have a strong correlation (shrub forest R2 = 0.811, broadleaf forest R2 = 0.356, coniferous forest R2 = 0.223). These correlation coefficients are key indicators for our understanding of the relationship between remote sensing data and actual vegetation biomass, reflecting the performance of the biomass inversion model. Taking shrubland as an example, a correlation coefficient as high as 0.811 shows the model's ability to accurately predict the biomass of this type of vegetation. In addition, through multiple linear regression, the optimal shrub, broadleaf, and coniferous forest biomass models were obtained, with the overall accuracy reaching 93.58%, 89.56%, and 97.53%, respectively, meeting the strict requirements for survey accuracy. This study successfully conducted vegetation classification and biomass inversion in the Chongli District using remote sensing data. The research results have important implications for the prevention and control of forest fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five typical in-use city buses in Tangshan with different emission standards, fuel power types, and emission control technology routes were selected as the research objects. PEMSs (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and OBD (On-Board Diagnostic) remote monitoring technologies were used to conduct research on actual road conditions and emission characteristics. The research aimed to analyze the driving characteristics of different power types of bus engines and after-treatment systems, as well as their impact on emissions. The results indicated that the actual road driving is mainly in the urban and suburban areas of the local region. Additionally, the VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) was found to be distributed in the low- and medium-speed range of mode Bin0~Bin24. The emission rates of each pollutant showed an increasing trend with the increase in VSP. THC and NOx emissions of CNG and LNG buses are significantly higher than those of gas–electric hybrid buses. However, the PM emissions are lower. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the NOx emission control of CNG and LNG buses. With the improvement in emission standards and the use of hybrid technology, CO2 and NOx emissions of China IV buses can be reduced by 13% and 53.5% compared with China III buses of the same tonnage. The CO2 and NOx emissions of China V buses using natural gas combustion and an electric mixture are 20% and 18.8% lower than those of China V buses of the same tonnage using only natural gas. In the actual operation of the diesel–electric hybrid bus equipped with the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system, the working time of the engine is about 35.5 ± 5%, and the working time of the SCR system only accounts for 65.5 ± 12%. The low working conditions of the SCR system and the low temperature of SCR system are the reasons for the high NOx concentration at the rear end of the SCR system when the hybrid electric bus is running at low speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, this work presents the preparation and characterization of a di-iron toluene-3,4-dithiolate complex with monosubstituted 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf). The reaction of complex [Fe2(CO)6{μ-SC6H3(CH3)S}] (1) with dppf in refluxing toluene gave the monosubstituted analog [Fe2(CO)5(κ1-dppf){μ-SC6H3(CH3)S}] (2) in 50% yield. Complex 2 was identified by elemental analysis, spectroscopies including FT-IR, 1H, 31P{1H}, 13C{1H} NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry revealed that complex 2 can reduce the protons to dihydrogen in the presence of an acetic acid as a proton source under the electrochemical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the clinical relevance of stent-specific perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI) in patients with stent implantation. Methods: A total of 162 consecutive patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) following stent implantation were retrospectively included. The stent-specific FAI at 2 cm adjacent to the stent edge was calculated. The endpoints were defined as target vessel revascularization (TVR) on the stented vessel after CCTA and readmission times due to chest pain after stent implantation. Binary logistic regression analysis for TVR and ordinal regression models were conducted to identify readmission times (0, 1, and ≥ 2) with generalized estimating equations on a per-stent basis. Results: On a per-stent basis, 9 stents (4.5%) experienced TVR after PCI at a median 30 months' follow-up duration. Stent-specific FAI differed significantly among subgroups of patients with stent implantation and different readmission times (p = 0.002); patients with at least one readmission had higher stent-specific FAI than those without readmission (p < 0.001). Bifurcated stents (odds ratio [OR]: 11.192, p = 0.001) and stent-specific FAI (OR: 1.189, p = 0.04) were independently associated with TVR. With no readmission as a reference, stent-specific FAI (OR: 0.984, p = 0.007) was an independent predictor for hospital readmission times ≥ 2 (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Non-invasive stent-specific FAI derived from CCTA was found to be associated with TVR, which was a promising imaging marker for functional assessment in patients who underwent stent implantation. Clinical relevance statement: Noninvasive fat attenuation index adjacent to the stents edge derived from CCTA, an imaging marker reflecting the presence of inflammation acting on the neointimal tissue at the sites of coronary stenting, might be relevant clinically with target vessel revascularization. Key Points: • Non-invasive stent-specific FAI derived from CCTA was associated with TVR (OR: 1.189 [95% CI: 1.007–1.043], p = 0.04) in patients who underwent stent implantation. • Stent-specific FAI significantly differed among a subgroup of patients with chest pain after stent implantation and with different readmission times (p = 0.002); the patients with at least one readmission had higher stent-specific FAI than those without readmission (p < 0.001). • Non-invasive stent-specific FAI derived from CCTA could be used as an imaging maker for the functional assessment of patients following stent implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters have become an active research topic at the forefront of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to their excellent photophysical properties such as high efficiency and narrow emission characteristics. However, MR-TADF materials always exhibit slow reverse intersystem crossing rates (kRISC) due to the large energy gap and small spin–orbit coupling values between singlet and triplet excited states. In order to optimize the RISC process, strategies such as heavy-atom-integration, metal perturbation, π-conjugation extension and peripheral decoration of donor/acceptor units have been proposed to construct efficient MR-TADF materials for high-performance OLEDs. This article provides an overview of the recent progress in MR-TADF emitters with an efficient RISC process, focusing on the structure–activity relationship between the molecular structure, optoelectronic feature, and OLED performance. Finally, the potential challenges and future prospects of MR-TADF materials are discussed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the opportunities for efficient narrowband OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joint detection and tracking of weak underwater targets are challenging problems whose complexity is intensified when the target is disturbed by reverberation. In the low signal-to-reverberation ratio (SRR) environment, the traditional detection and tracking methods perform poorly in tracking robustness because they only consider the target motion characteristics. Recently, the kernel correlation filter (KCF) based on target features has received lots of attention and gained great success in visual tracking. We propose an improved multi-kernel correlation filter (IMKCF) tracking-by-detection algorithm by introducing the KCF into the field of underwater weak target detection and tracking. It is composed of the tracking-by-detection, the adaptive reliability check, and the re-detection modules. Specifically, the tracking-by-detection part is built on the multi-kernel correlation filter (MKCF), and it uses multi-frame data weighted averaging to update. The reliability check helps keep the tracker from corruption. The re-detection module, integrated with a Kalman filter, identifies target positions when the tracking is unreliable. Finally, the experimental data processing and analysis show that the proposed method outperforms the single-kernel methods and some traditional tracking methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefitting from short-range charge transfer (SR-CT) and through-space charge transfer (TSCT) effects, an efficient green narrowband emitter, BNDCN, was developed. Owing to the synergistic effect of double CT processes, a BNDCN-based organic light-emitting diode showed a high external quantum efficiency of 32.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate quantum evolution speed in the driven double‐well system using the entangled trajectory molecular dynamics method. We emphasize not only the evolution speed of the quantum state but also its limit according to different definitions. The Wasserstein 1‐distance is used to quantify the distance between distinguishable quantum states in the phase space, the quantum speed limit based on the geometry has been shown to be the strictest one. The single trajectory's contribution to the quantum speed limit is discussed, which is related to both the time evolution of the trajectory and its position in the total Wigner function. The resonance and chaos strongly enhance the evolution speed and its limit in the driven double‐well system. The resonance effect makes a large proportion of representative points pass through the well as a whole, nevertheless, the chaos makes the Wigner function disperse in the phase space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow around a cylinder is an important research problem in fluid mechanics. However, studies on traveling wave wall (TWW) flow control for the wake generated by the flow around a 3D cylinder remain limited. This study performs large eddy simulation (LES) to investigate the wake characteristics of flow around a three-dimensional (3D) circular cylinder with the TWW. The influence of the main control parameters of TWW on the aerodynamic forces and wake of the 3D cylinder is analyzed. The wake characteristics of the 3D cylinder at Re = 4 × 104 are obtained, and the traveling wave propagating downstream is achieved on the rear surface of the 3D cylinder using dynamic mesh. The control effects of wave amplitude, number of waves, and wave velocity of the traveling wave on the aerodynamic forces of the cylinder are analyzed, and the optimal control parameter combination is determined. The results demonstrate that the TWW control method completely eliminates the spanwise 3D flow characteristics of the cylinder when the amplitude ratio, number of waves, and velocity ratio are 0.02, 4, and 1.5, respectively. Moreover, it effectively suppresses the flow separation on the cylinder surface, eliminates the wake vortex, and suppresses vortex-induced vibration (VIV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of continuous-time quantum walk in the field of image segmentation has attracted much attention due to the advantages of quantum computation. However, the proposed image segmentation algorithm constructs the continuous-time quantum walk model based on pixels, which will cause a huge burden on quantum resources, and the various feature information of the image cannot be better considered. In addition, this pixel-based processing method requires a lot of manual annotation to achieve the desirable segmentation effect. To address these issues, we propose an image segmentation algorithm using continuous-time quantum walk based on superpixels. In our segmentation algorithm, the original image is firstly segmented into superpixels, and then a weighted graph is constructed with superpixels as nodes, where the weight of edges in graph is measured by the feature similarity of two adjacent superpixels, which consists of color features and texture features. Next, the continuous-time quantum walk model is constructed based on the weighted graph by redefining the new Hamiltonian operator. Finally, continuous-time quantum walk is executed and the image segmentation result can be obtained, which is realized by assigning each superpixel the class label corresponding to the greatest probability. Experiments on the BSD500 dataset show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve segmentation efficiency and accuracy while the manually selected seeds is reduced by 91%. More importantly, the new algorithm reduce the demision of the quantum walk system by more than 99%, which will yield a huge saving on the quantum resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous meta-analyses reported inconsistent results on the effect of vitamin D on depression because of different baseline concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], highlighting the need for a more accurate subgroup analysis of previously published findings. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression in adults. A systematic search in numerous databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed. Randomized-controlled trials comparing the effect of vitamin D on depression in adults were selected. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria in the retrieved citations. The meta-analysis showed that vitamin D supplementation had a significant effect on overall reduction in depression symptom scores (SMD = −0.15, 95 % CI [−0.26, −0.04]). Sub-group analysis showed that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced depressive symptom scores in patients with serum 25(OH)D levels higher than 50 nmol/L (SMD = −0.38, 95 % CI [−0.68, −0.08]). Vitamin D supplementation has a benefit on improving depressive symptoms in adults with primary depression and 25(OH)D levels higher than 50 nmol/L but has no effect on improving depressive symptoms in adults with primary depression and 25(OH)D levels lower than 50 nmol/L. Relatively high levels of 25(OH)D maybe required for alleviating depression. The randomized studies included in this study were designed and completed at different times and countries, the variability in duration and dose of vitamin D supplementation may have introduced significant heterogeneity and have militated against observation of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on depression. • Vitamin D alleviated depressive symptoms in subjects with depression. • Vitamin D did not prevent an increase in depressive symptom scale scores in subjects without depression. • Vitamin D alleviated depressive symptoms in patients with primary depression whose serum 25(OH)D higher than 50 nmol/L. • Vitamin D did not alleviate depressive symptoms in patients with primary depression whose serum 25(OH)D lower than 50 nmol/L. • Relieving depression requires relatively high levels of serum 25(OH)D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the pricing formula for European options when the underlying asset follows a fuzzy mixed weighted fractional Brownian motion within a jump environment. We construct a pricing model for European options driven by fuzzy mixed weighted fractional Brownian motion with jumps. By converting the partial differential equation (PDE) into a Cauchy problem, we derive explicit solutions for both European call options and European put options. The figures and tables demonstrating the effectiveness of the results highlight the suitability of the fuzzy mixed weighted fractional Brownian motion with jump model for option pricing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coarse-grained mixtures composed of coarse gravels and fine sands are widely used in subgrade constructions, coarse gravels of which contain rubbles and pebbles with different roundness (Rd). To investigate the effect of gravel shapes on the compaction behaviours of subgrades, the real-shaped gravel particles with varying Rd (0.2–0.5) were selected to establish coarse-grained mixtures models via the discrete element method (DEM). The contact parameters in DEM models were determined through a series of calibration tests, and the reliability of models was verified by vibration compaction tests with rubble-grained and pebble-grained mixtures. The evolutions of porosity, particle motion, and contact relationship affected by Rd were revealed from the macro-and mesoscales, and the influence of Rd on the stability of skeleton structures is discussed. As Rd decreases, the contact number tends to increase and the distribution of strong contacts is more uniform, the skeleton structure in which can effectively inhibit the motion of fine particles and the sliding between coarse particles. Conversely, the increase in Rd will cause the concentration of strong contacts, which further results in the sliding damage of skeleton structures and the improvement of compaction deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic segmentation plays a pivotal role in the intelligent interpretation of remote sensing images (RSIs). However, conventional methods predominantly focus on learning representations within the spatial domain, often resulting in suboptimal discriminative capabilities. Given the intrinsic spectral characteristics of RSIs, it becomes imperative to enhance the discriminative potential of these representations by integrating spectral context alongside spatial information. In this paper, we introduce the spectrum-space collaborative network (SSCNet), which is designed to capture both spectral and spatial dependencies, thereby elevating the quality of semantic segmentation in RSIs. Our innovative approach features a joint spectral–spatial attention module (JSSA) that concurrently employs spectral attention (SpeA) and spatial attention (SpaA). Instead of feature-level aggregation, we propose the fusion of attention maps to gather spectral and spatial contexts from their respective branches. Within SpeA, we calculate the position-wise spectral similarity using the complex spectral Euclidean distance (CSED) of the real and imaginary components of projected feature maps in the frequency domain. To comprehensively calculate both spectral and spatial losses, we introduce edge loss, Dice loss, and cross-entropy loss, subsequently merging them with appropriate weighting. Extensive experiments on the ISPRS Potsdam and LoveDA datasets underscore SSCNet's superior performance compared with several state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, an ablation study confirms the efficacy of SpeA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Furazolidone is a nitrofuran antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of bacterial and protozoal infections. Hypersensitivity to furazolidone is rarely reported and only eight cases have been documented in English since 1967. Objectives: To report a 24‐year‐old man who developed exanthematous drug eruptions in general and swelling sensation of the hands after first dose of oral administration of medicines for Helicobacter pylori infection 7 h later, who was finally confirmed with delayed‐type IV allergic reaction to furazolidone by provocation tests. And to review the existing literature. Methods: Thorough clinical examination, prick, intradermal, and patch tests, drug provocation tests were performed in the patient. Results: Skin tests of all used drugs were negative. Drug provocation tests to furazolidone resulted to be positive. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that furazolidone may induce delayed‐type allergic reactions; diagnostic approaches should be taken to identify the responsible drug when multiple medications were used concurrently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intractable disease prevalent worldwide. While ethyl acetate extract from decoction of Sargentodoxa cuneata (EAdSc) has potential anti-inflammatory activity, its effects on UC remain unknown. In this study, the constituent compounds discussed in the literature and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were collected, and the blood-soluble components of EAdSc were identified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking analysis were performed to explore the potential underlying mechanism and active ingredients of EAdSc against UC. Furthermore, mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC were used to study the therapeutic effects and validate the mechanism of EAdSc against UC. A total of 53 compounds from EAdSc were identified in the literature and by GC–MS, and 22 blood-soluble EAdSc components were recognized. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that multiple inflammatory signaling pathways are involved in EAdSc's anti-UC activity. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis showed that the eleutheroside A, liriodendrin, epicatechin, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, catechin, androsin, coumaroyltyramine, and catechol may be active against UC through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. EAdSc reduced the disease activity, macroscopic colon damage, and histological damage indices, as well as inhibiting DSS-induced spleen enlargement and colon shortening. In addition, EAdSc decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17, as well as the expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 mRNA in colon tissues. These results provide insights into the anti-UC effects and underlying mechanisms of EAdSc and help elucidate the active ingredients of EAdSc in the treatment of UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coarse-grained mixtures composed of coarse gravels and fine sands are widely used in subgrade constructions, coarse gravels of which contain rubbles and pebbles with different roundness (Rd). To investigate the effect of gravel shapes on the compaction behaviours of subgrades, the real-shaped gravel particles with varying Rd (0.2–0.5) were selected to establish coarse-grained mixtures models via the discrete element method (DEM). The contact parameters in DEM models were determined through a series of calibration tests, and the reliability of models was verified by vibration compaction tests with rubble-grained and pebble-grained mixtures. The evolutions of porosity, particle motion, and contact relationship affected by Rd were revealed from the macro-and mesoscales, and the influence of Rd on the stability of skeleton structures is discussed. As Rd decreases, the contact number tends to increase and the distribution of strong contacts is more uniform, the skeleton structure in which can effectively inhibit the motion of fine particles and the sliding between coarse particles. Conversely, the increase in Rd will cause the concentration of strong contacts, which further results in the sliding damage of skeleton structures and the improvement of compaction deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from the quick detection of abnormal changes in a process, it is also critical to pinpoint faulty variables after an out-of-control signal. The existing diagnostic procedures mainly focus on the diagnosis of changes in the process mean. This article investigates the joint diagnosis of high-dimensional process mean and covariance matrix based on Bayesian model selection with nonlocal priors. The proposed procedure enjoys two promising features. First, in addition to the isolation of shifted components, it can also provide a probability that the identified components are true, which is very useful for elimination of root causes of abnormal changes. Second, it possesses the model consistency property in the sense that the probability of identifying the true components with shifts approaches one as the sample size increases. The performance comparisons favor the proposed procedure. A real example based on the urban waste water treatment process is provided to illustrate the implementation of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Development of multitudinous heteroatoms co-doped carbon nanomaterials with pleasurable electrochemical behavior for sodium ion batteries is still an enormous challenge. Herein, high dispersion cobalt nanodots encapsulating into N, P, S tri-doped hexapod carbon (H-Co@NPSC) have been victoriously synthesized via H-ZIF67@polymer template strategy with using poly (hexachlorocyclophos-phazene and 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) as both carbon source and N, P, S multiple heteroatom doping sources. The uniform distribution of cobalt nanodots and the Co-N bonds are conducive to form a high conductive network, which synergistically increase a lot adsorption sites and lessens the diffusion energy barrier, thereby improving the fast Na+ ions diffusion kinetics. Consequently, H-Co@NPSC delivers the reversible capacity of 311.1 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 450 cycles with 70% capacity storage rate, while obtains the capacity of 237.1 mAh g- 1 after 200 cycles at the elevated current densities of 5 A g−1 as an excellent anode material for SIBs. These interesting results pave a generous avenue for the exploitation of promising carbon anode materials for Na+ storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides an in-depth discussion of the development, principles and utility of nanopore sequencing technology and its diverse applications in the identification of various pulmonary pathogens. We examined the emergence and advancements of nanopore sequencing as a significant player in this field. We illustrate the challenges faced in diagnosing mixed infections and further scrutinize the use of nanopore sequencing in the identification of single pathogens, including viruses (with a focus on its use in epidemiology, outbreak investigation, and viral resistance), bacteria (emphasizing 16S targeted sequencing, rare bacterial lung infections, and antimicrobial resistance studies), fungi (employing internal transcribed spacer sequencing), tuberculosis, and atypical pathogens. Furthermore, we discuss the role of nanopore sequencing in metagenomics and its potential for unbiased detection of all pathogens in a clinical setting, emphasizing its advantages in sequencing genome repeat areas and structural variant regions. We discuss the limitations in dealing with host DNA removal, the inherent high error rate of nanopore sequencing technology, along with the complexity of operation and processing, while acknowledging the possibilities provided by recent technological improvements. We compared nanopore sequencing with the BioFire system, a rapid molecular diagnostic system based on polymerase chain reaction. Although the BioFire system serves well for the rapid screening of known and common pathogens, it falls short in the identification of unknown or rare pathogens and in providing comprehensive genome analysis. As technological advancements continue, it is anticipated that the role of nanopore sequencing technology in diagnosing and treating lung infections will become increasingly significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of platinum complexes with high steric hindrance is expected to suppress triple-triplet annihilation and p-p stacking to achieve high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll-off. Herein, two large steric hindrance platinum complexes (N-CzPhPtacac and N-CzCF3PhPtacac) were prepared by taking advantage of steric hindrance between the phenyl group on carbazole and the functional group (phenyl and trifluoromethyl substituted phenyl) at the 3-position of a pyridine moiety. Due to the similar electron cloud distribution and gap difference between the HOMO and LUMO, the two complexes showed similar orange-red emission peaks at 590 and 596 nm with high PL quantum yields of 90% and 92% and short excited state lifetimes of 2.77 and 3.08 µs in doped films, respectively. Consequently, OLEDs based on N-CzPhPtacac and N-CzCF3PhPtacac showed maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values of 15.4% and 18.9%, respectively. Importantly, benefitting from the more stretched spatial configuration from the -CF3 effect, the corresponding OLED exhibited a lower efficiency roll-off, with an EQE of 18.1% at 1000 cd m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let D be an oriented graph, i.e., a digraph in which all arcs are not symmetric, with vertex set { 1 , ... , n }. The adjacency matrix A = (a i j) of D is the n × n matrix defined as a i j = 1 if ij is an arc of D and a i j = 0 if ij is not an arc of D. The rank of D , written as r (D) , is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix, and the trace norm of D is defined as N (D) = ∑ i = 1 n σ i , where σ 1 ≥ σ 2 ≥ ... ≥ σ n ≥ 0 are the singular values of A , i.e., the square roots of the eigenvalues of A A T. In this paper, we establish a lower bound and an upper bound for the trace norm of a connected oriented graph D in terms of its rank and its maximum vertex degree Δ as r (D) ≤ N (D) ≤ r (D) Δ , the extremal graphs attaining the bounds are characterized, respectively. Furthermore, we prove that if D is not P n → or C n → , then the lower bound can be improved to r (D) + 5 − 2 , where P n → and C n → respectively denote the orientation of P n and C n such that all 2-degree vertices are not sink-source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient synthetic protocol for the construction of spiro[indoline‐3,3′‐quinoline]‐2,5′‐dione motifs was successfully developed by base promoted one‐pot three‐component reaction. In the presence of piperidine, three‐component reaction of ammonium acetate, aromatic aldehydes and the in situ generated 3‐isatyl 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds, which were derived from base mediated addition of dimedone to 3‐methyleneoxindoles, resulted in two diastereoisomers of spiro[indoline‐3,3′‐quinoline]‐2,5′‐dione derivatives in good yields and with good diastereoselectivity. The stereochemistry of the reaction was clearly elucidated by isolation of two diastereomers and determination of several single crystal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen (H2) sensors are critical to various applications such as the situation where H2 is used as the clean energy for industry or the indicator for human disease diagnosis. Palladium (Pd) is widely used as the hydrogen sensing material in different types of sensors. Optical fiber H2 sensors are particularly promising due to their compactness and spark-free operation. Here, we report a Fabry–Pérot (FP)-cavity-based H2 sensor that is formed with a freestanding Pd membrane and integrated on a conventional single-mode optical fiber end. The freestanding Pd membrane acts both as the active hydrogen sensing material and as one of the reflective mirrors of the cavity. When the Pd film absorbs H2 to form PdHx, it will be stretched, resulting in a change of the cavity length and thus a shift of the interference spectrum. The H2 concentration can be derived from the amplitude of the wavelength shift. Experimental results showed that H2 sensors based on suspended Pd membranes can achieve a detection sensitivity of about 3.6 pm/ppm and a detection limit of about 3.3 ppm. This highly sensitive detection scheme is expected to find applications for sensing low-concentration H2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated spatial characteristics of bed morphology around a near-bank emergent vegetation patch. Experimental results showed that patch length and density impacted the spatial scale, orientation and type of pool-bar morphology around the patch. Adjacent to the patch, the pool onset lowest location tended to move upstream as patch length and density increased, quantitatively described by a power function involving the two factors; the transverse bed topography along the pool was described by a two-zone scaling model, providing prediction models for the pool morphology, particularly for narrow urban channels. Moreover, we identified, in the patch wake, two types of bars formed meditated by patch length. Short-point and elongated bars formed under short and long patches, respectively, attributed to different mechanisms of flow–sediment-patch interaction, offering new insights into wake depositional trends and streamwise vegetation succession during different vegetation growth stages. The gained knowledge is useful for vegetation-based urban channel restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the main presentation in adults with moyamoya disease (MMD), an unusual clinical entity with a poor prognosis. However, optimal management in the acute stage of ICH in patients with MMD remains a challenge. Since minimally invasive surgery (MIS) plus local thrombolysis has emerged as a promising strategy for ICH, we aimed to describe our experience of performing this procedure in this special population in the acute phase, while focusing on its efficacy and safety. The medical data of patients with ICH treated with MIS and local thrombolysis between November 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed at our institution. MMD was identified based on the angiographic images. The primary outcome was postoperative intracranial rebleeding. The secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 6-month outcome graded using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Logistic regression was applied to explore independent risk factors for the above outcomes. A cohort of consecutive 337 ICH patients was analysed, of whom 14 (4.15%) were diagnosed with MMD. In total, 36 (11.46%) patients experienced postoperative intracranial rehaemorrhage, of which one patient had MMD. No significant difference was found between the patients with and without MMD regarding postoperative rebleeding (9.09% vs. 11.55%, p = 1.000). Additionally, the 30-day mortality of patients with MMD was 21.42% (3/14), which was not significantly different from that of non-MMD patients (10.83%; p = 0.201). Moreover, 53.8% of patients had poor outcomes at the 6-month follow-up among MMD patients, similar to 43.9% of patients without MMD (p = 0.573). The coexistence of MMD failed to show a significant association with postoperative intracranial rebleeding (p = 0.348), 30-day mortality (p = 0.211), or poor outcome at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.450). Our findings suggest that coexistent MMD is not associated with an increased risk of postoperative rebleeding or poor outcome after local thrombolysis for ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the negative hydrogen ion sources, the positive bias of the plasma grid with respect to the discharge chamber is often used to suppress co-extracted electrons. Because most of the co-extracted electrons are magnetically deflected onto the extraction grid, the difference between the extraction and acceleration current (i.e., Iext − Iacc) is commonly used to represent the number of co-extracted electrons. In the single-driver RF negative ion source at ASIPP, the variation of Iext − Iacc with the plasma grid bias voltage was accidentally found to have different trends with and without the Cs seeding. When the current density of Iacc (regarded as JH-) was larger than 120 A/m2 during Cs conditioning, the Iext − Iacc fell first and then rose with the increasing bias voltage. The previous research results from NIFS that the beam optics were changed by the bias voltage can be used to explain the phenomenon. In this paper, the electron temperature (Te) in front of the plasma grid was found to increase from the Langmuir probe measurement, when the bias voltage was higher than a threshold of 4.5 V to the float potential. Interestingly, the bias voltage corresponding to the trough of Iext − Iacc was higher than the float potential—a similar value of 4.1 V to the threshold of Te increasing. Since the negative hydrogen ions are easily destroyed by the high-energy electrons, the increasing of Te may also cause the change of beam optics and the increase in co-extracted electrons. The electron energy distribution function was used to explain the change of plasma parameters in front of the plasma grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the effect of molybdenum (Mo) and postrolling cooling processes on the mechanical properties and microstructure transformation characteristics of an X80 thick‐wall high‐strength pipeline steel are deeply investigated. The results reveal that the yield strength and tensile strength of the steel are enhanced with Mo addition at the equalization temperature of 480 °C at a cooling rate of 25 °C s−1, accompanied by the improvement in the yield ratio. However, when the postrolling cooling temperature is reduced to 380 °C, the mechanical properties of steels with Mo‐free and 0.29 wt% Mo are comparable. The mechanistic study indicates that the Mo addition would inhibit the transformation from deformed austenite to polygonal ferrite, and promote the transformation of acicular ferrite/granular bainite at medium–low temperatures, as well as significant differences in the volume fraction, size, and morphology of martensite/austenite (M/A) in the matrix. Notably, the volume fraction of M/A decreases from 7.2% to less than 1.0% with Mo content increasing, while its average size also reduces from 1.5 to less than 1.0 μm. And the fine, spheroidal, and dispersed M/A is found to play a vital role in the high‐strength and excellent low‐temperature toughness of the steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cubic solids such as NaCl, crystalline argon, or H2O-ice VII exhibit significant elastic anisotropy strongly increasing upon compression. As earlier recognized for solid argon and H2O-ice (both exhibiting Zener ratio A > 1), longitudinal sound velocities of their polycrystals, VLav, measured using Brillouin light scattering (BLS) or pulse-echo ultrasonics are much closer to VL⟨111⟩ than to VL⟨100⟩, the VL-extremes in any cubic single crystal. Here, we experimentally confirm, using the technique of time-domain Brillouin scattering, the same tendency for NaCl exhibiting the opposite anisotropy type, A < 1. To understand this tendency, we modelled orientational distribution and the frequency of occurrence of VL values in texture-free polycrystalline samples of NaCl and solid argon. We found a remarkable and predictable asymmetry of VL distributions with maxima at VL⟨110⟩ that is always much closer to VL⟨111⟩. This asymmetry persists in BLS peaks but can be obscured in experiments. In the case of solid argon at 49 GPa, the asymmetry can lead to a moderate deviation of experimental VLav from VLH (obtained from elastic-stiffness constants Cij applying the Hill approximation) by ∼7%. The latter can cause, however, a significant overestimation of the aggregate shear modulus by δG/G ∼ 50% or of the bulk modulus by δB/B ∼ 20% if just one BLS peak of longitudinal modes is detectable. A similar analysis, performed for transverse sound velocities, VT and VTav, has shown that by the use of a BLS spectrum showing peaks of both longitudinal and transverse modes, overestimation of B is similarly high but that of G is much less dramatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to study the role of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) using bioinformatics. Methods: GSE39582 and GSE39084, which collectively contain 363 CRC samples, were downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database as a test set. TCGA-COADREAD, with 376 CRC samples, was downloaded from the UCSC database as a validation set. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen for ARGs that were significantly associated with prognosis. The top 10 ARGs were used to classify the samples into different subtypes based on unsupervised cluster analysis. The immune environments of the different subtypes were analyzed. ARGs that were significantly associated with CRC prognosis were used to construct a risk model. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to screen independent prognostic factors and construct a nomogram. Results: Four anoikis-related subtypes (ARSs) with differential prognoses and immune microenvironments were identified. KRAS and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways were enriched in subtype B, which had the worst prognosis. Three ARGs (DLG1, AKT3, and LPAR1) were used to construct the risk model. Both the test and validation sets showed worse outcomes for patients in the high-risk group than those in the low-risk group. Risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for CRC. Moreover, there was a difference in drug sensitivity between the high- and low-risk groups. Conclusion: The identified ARGs and risk scores were associated with CRC prognosis and could predict the responses of patients with CRC to immunotherapy strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the current work was to explore the differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes of longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) between castrated and uncastrated fattening male South Sichuan black goats (Capra hircus). Then, the key genes regulating important differential metabolites (DMs) in castrated male goats were observed by integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses. In addition, we evaluated the effects of castration on blood constituents, dressing percentage, and water holding capacity of LDM in male black goats. The results showed that the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased and testosterone was significantly decreased in castrated male goats compared with the uncastrated male goats, while dressing percentage of black goats and water holding capacity of longissimus dorsi muscle were not significant differences. Through metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, 23 important KEGG pathways, 13 important DMs, 32 important differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 13 key genes related to the “Metabolism” and “Organismal systems” pathways were screened. Lipid accumulation may be elevated in the blood of fattening South Sichuan black goats after castration. Castration might play a positive role in energy provision, intercellular signaling, muscle function, softening of meat, disease reduction, and anti-oxidation of LDM. P4HA2, AKR1B1, GPT2, L2HGDH, ENSCHIG00000021660, ENSCHIG00000023861, DGAT2, ULK1, SLC38A3, PLA2G4A, SLC6A1, ENSCHIG00000026624, and ND2 might be the key genes regulating important DMs in the KEGG pathways related to “Metabolism” and “Organismal systems” of castrated male goats compared with the uncastrated male goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Herein, this work presents the preparation and characterization of a di-iron toluene-3,4-dithiolate complex with monosubstituted 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf). The reaction of complex [Fe2(CO)6{μ-SC6H3(CH3)S}] (1) with dppf in refluxing toluene gave the monosubstituted analog [Fe2(CO)5(κ1-dppf){μ-SC6H3(CH3)S}] (2) in 50% yield. Complex 2 was identified by elemental analysis, spectroscopies including FT-IR, 1H, 31P{1H}, 13C{1H} NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry revealed that complex 2 can reduce the protons to dihydrogen in the presence of an acetic acid as a proton source under the electrochemical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]