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Objective: To compare bone volume and height changes of two types of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) for lateral window sinus floor elevation (LSFE) with simultaneous implant placement. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 72 patients who underwent LSFE using low‐temperature sintered cancellous bone‐derived DBBM (C‐DBBM) or high‐temperature two‐step sintered epiphyseal‐derived DBBM (E‐DBBM). Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was acquired preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, 6 months and 1–4 years post‐surgery. Bone volume (BV), apical bone height (ABH), endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG), and crestal bone level (CBL) were evaluated through three‐dimensional fitting and superimposition. Linear mixed models (LMM) were employed to analyze factors influencing the reduction of BV (ΔBV) and ESBG (ΔESBG). Results: The E‐DBBM group showed no significant change in BV 1–4 years post‐surgery, while the C‐DBBM group demonstrated a significant reduction (p =.006) with volume stability of 85.86%. Bone height in the E‐DBBM group increased at 6 months and subsequently decreased at 1–4 years (p =.003). In the C‐DBBM group, it decreased at 6 months (p =.014), then further decreased at 1–4 years (p =.001). ΔESBG was lower in the E‐DBBM group than the C‐DBBM group from immediate postoperative to 1–4 years (p =.009). LMM showed graft material type was the primary factor influencing ΔBV (p =.026) and ΔESBG (p =.003). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both types of DBBM could achieve favorable clinical outcomes. E‐DBBM demonstrated enhanced stability in maintaining bone volume and height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the optimal current and time of electrolytic cleaning (EC), compare its biofilm removal effect with generic treatments and evaluate the influence of EC to surface characteristics and osteogenic potential of SLA titanium (Ti) discs. Materials and Methods: The six‐species biofilm‐covered Ti discs were placed as cathodes in physiologic saline and subjected to various current and time treatments. The residual biofilms were evaluated to determine the optimal parameters. The contaminated Ti discs were randomized and treated by rotating Ti brush; ultrasonic‐scaling with metal tips; ultrasonic‐scaling with PEEK tips; air‐polishing and EC. The residual biofilms were compared using a lipopolysaccharide kit (LPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy and colony‐forming unit counting. Non‐contaminated Ti discs were treated and characterized. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured on treated non‐contaminated Ti discs. The adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin level of BMSCs were assessed. Results: The parameters at 0.6A5min were considered optimal. For LPS and SEM, EC promoted a significantly greater biofilm removal than the other groups. There were no changes in the Ti discs' colour, topography, roughness and chemical elements after EC, and the electrolysis‐treated Ti discs obtained a super‐hydrophilic surface. EC positively impacted the proliferation and ALP activity of BMSCs, surpassing the efficacy of alternative treatments. Conclusions: EC achieves a near‐complete eradication of contaminants on the SLA surface, causes no surface damage with improved hydrophilicity, and promotes the early osteogenic response of BMSCs, which makes it a promising treatment for peri‐implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storage in aqueous solution or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can retain or regain the hydrophilicity of titanium implant surface. In this study, 3 types of commercial titanium implants were used: ZBL (ZDI Bone Level), CEL (C-tech Esthetic Line), and modSLA (Straumann SLActive). ZBL and CEL implants were treated with UV irradiation for 4 hours. Surface characterization of the 4 groups (ZBL, ZBL-UV, CEL-UV, and modSLA) was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The in vivo bone response was evaluated by removal torque (RTQ) tests and histomorphometric analysis at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postimplantation. A total of 144 implants and 36 rabbits were used for experiments according to a previously established randomization sequence. The ZBL-UV, CEL-UV, and modSLA groups were hydrophilic, and nanostructures were observed on the modSLA implant surface. ModSLA achieved better RTQ value than ZBL at 12 weeks (P <.05). For histomorphometric analysis, ZBL-UV and CEL-UV implants showed higher bone area values in the cancellous bone zone at 6 weeks than did modSLA and ZBL implants (P <.05). In the cortical bone zone, all groups showed comparable bone-to-implant contact at all healing time points (P >.05). Both storage in saline and UV irradiation could retain or provoke hydrophilic surfaces and improve osseointegration. Compared with storage in saline, UV irradiation displayed slight advantages in promoting new bone formation in cancellous bone zone at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to systematically review the literature on laboratory researches and statistically determine the influence of mineralizing strategy on the dentin bond stability. The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS according to the PRISM guidelines. From 2200 possible eligible articles, 50 were selected for full-text analysis, and 15 were included in the systematic review. Two authors independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. Bond strength analysis was conducted by RevMan5.3 with random effects model (α = 0.05), comparing control (without mineralizing strategy) and experimental groups (mineralizing strategy). Fifteen included trials concerned 46 comparisons between experimental groups adopting mineralizing strategy and control groups. Mineralization strategy reduced the dentin bond strength loss after aging. Although non-significant, the aging bond strength was higher than traditional bond methods (p = 0.07), the improvement was significant in pretreat (p = 0.01) and etch and rinse subgroup (p = 0.04). A significant reduction was found in immediate bond strength was associated with the use of mineralization strategy (p = 0.003). The majority of included studies were scored high risk of bias, high heterogeneity was presented in the meta-analyses. Mineralization strategy reduced the dentin bond strength loss after aging. Bond strength after aging tends to be increased by mineralization strategy when used as a pretreat procedure, and in etch and rinse adhesive system. However, the mineralization strategy reduced the immediate dentin bond strength and didn't influence aging bond strength in total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osseointegration seems to be a foreign body reaction equilibrium due to the complicated interactions between the immune and skeletal systems. The heterogeneity of the osteoimmune microenvironment in the osseointegration of implant materials remains elusive. Here, a single-cell study involving 40043 cells is conducted, and a total of 10 distinct cell clusters are identified from five different groups. A preliminary description of the osteoimmune microenvironment revealed the diverse cellular heterogeneity and dynamic changes modulated by implant properties. The increased immature neutrophils, Ly6C  +  CCR2 hi monocytes, and S100a8 hi macrophages induce an aggressive inflammatory response and eventually lead to the formation of fibrous capsule around the stainless steel implant. The enrichment of mature neutrophils, FcgR1 hi and differentiated immunomodulatory macrophages around the titanium implant indicates favorable osseointegration under moderate immune response. Neutrophil-depletion mice are conducted to explore the role of neutrophils in osseointegration. Neutrophils may improve bone formation by enhancing the recruitment of BMSCs via the CXCL12/CXCR3 signal axis. These findings contribute to a better knowledge of osteoimmunology and are valuable for the design and modification of 'osteoimmune-smart' biomaterials in the bone regeneration field., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)