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Photovoltaic (PV) power plants have shown rapid development in the renewable sector, but the research areas have mainly included land installations, and the study of fishery complementary photovoltaic (FPV) power plants has been comparatively less. Moreover, the mechanism of local microclimate changes caused by FPV panels has not been reported. This work revealed this mechanism using a physical model to illustrate the impact of FPV power plants in a lake on the environment. The results indicated that the lake becomes a heat sink after deploying the PV panel on water. The comprehensive albedo (0.082) decreased by 18.8% relative to the free water surface (0.101). The water energy change was dominated by the water–air vapor pressure deficit. In addition, the FPV panels had a heating effect on the ambient environment; however, the range of this effect was related to the water depth. The installation had an obvious heating effect on surface water.

The rapid development of photovoltaic plays an important role in achieving the carbon-neutral goal. How to improve the conversion efficiency and power generation of solar photovoltaic has always been a focus issue. However, more attention is paid to the impact of photovoltaic panel working temperature on the performance of photovoltaic power generation, and how air temperature affects photovoltaic power generation has been ignored. This paper compared and analyzed the impact of the difference in air temperature between lake and land on the revenue of photovoltaic power generation, and established the functional equation between photovoltaic power generation, air temperature and solar radiation, and revealed the relationship between air temperature, solar radiation and photovoltaic power generation.

Wildfires have great impact on the global ecosystem and human society, so the prediction and prevention of wildfires is necessary. This study used the MOD14A2 data, the NCEP/NCAR and ERA5 Reanalysis data, the GFEDv4 data and the Scripps O2 data to analyze the correlations between the area of wildfires and meteorological elements, and used the oxygen concentration to improve the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI). The following results were obtained: 1) During 2001 to 2015, the year of 2002 was the year with the most wildfires in the world, and August was the month with the most wildfires in a year. Northern Africa, Southern Africa and South America are the main wildfires-affected areas, accounting for nearly 80% of the global wildfires area in these 15 years. 2) Globally, the correlation coefficient between temperature and wildfires area is 0.47; for wind speed, it is 0.17; for precipitation, it is -0.41; for relative humidity, it is -0.19; and for oxygen concentration, it is more than 0.6. 3) The improved McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDInew) constructed by using the original FFDI and oxygen concentration can better reflect the fire risk in Australia. This study emphasized the important impact of changes in oxygen concentration on fires. It is of great significance for the management, prediction and prevention of wildfires.

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19), is responsible for the ongoing pandemic but still lacks approved antivirals. Repurposing pre-existing FDA approved drugs presents a rapid approach for new therapeutic options. In the present study, we report that three pre-existing FDA-approved drugs, i.e., vapreotide, grazoprevir, and simeprevir, inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cells. The E50 values of vapreotide, grazoprevir, and simeprevir against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells was 3.98 ± 0.35 μM, 2.08 ± 0.13 μM, and 1.41 ± 0.12 μM, respectively. In vitro biochemical experiments further revealed that vapreotide, grazoprevir, and simeprevir efficiently inhibits the unwinding activity of the Nsp13 helicase of SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 values of ⁓10, ⁓2.5, and ⁓1.25 µM, respectively, providing signs for understanding their antiviral mechanism of action. Given their good safety profiles in their original indications, our study offices new insights in repurposing these drugs alone or in combination with other antivirals in the global fighting against SARS-CoV-2. Funding: This work was financially supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (to H.Y.), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31770192 and No. 32070187 to H.Y.). Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

This study selected the two adjacent eddy covariance observational towers at the FPV in Yangzhong, Jiangsu Province of China to explore the issue. The results indicated that the percent frequency of east wind lower 4 m·s-1 at 2 m decreased by 25.3% in FPV site compared with the REF site. The FPV array have a heating effect on the ambient. The average air temperature difference in two sites at 2 m and 10 m are 0.3 K and 0.1 K during the heating period. The net radiation increased by 47.8 W·m-2 in two sites. Sensible heat is increased by 7.9 W·m-2 due to the heating effect. Latent heat in the two sites are contrary to the sensible heat (-13.0 W·m-2). The difference of the water storage heat is 32.18 W·m-2, which implies the water absorbs higher heat in the FPV site than the REF site. This work illustrated the importance of observational experiments to animate process-based understanding combined with FPV systems. It further provides the scientific basis to establish the FPV energy balance models based on the observation that may be used to reveal the impact of utility-scale FPV deployment on climatic effects.