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Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune hemorrhagic disease. Loss of immune tolerance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ITP. Monocytes and macrophages play an indispensable role in the pathophysiology of hematopoietic malignancies and have been implicated as key players in platelet destruction. Approximately 80% of adult patients with ITP exhibit corticosteroid treatment failure or become dependent, requiring novel therapy. Thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) have been used clinically to manage ITP effectively, however, little is known about the effect of TPO-RAs on monocyte and macrophage modulation in adult ITP. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic evolution and potential immunomodulatory roles of monocytes/macrophages in ITP patients receiving eltrombopag therapy. Results showed that the peripheral monocyte count positively correlated with IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in ITP patients. Moreover, numerous phenotype-associated genes in ITP macrophages exhibited diverse responses, and ITP macrophages exhibited more M1-related characteristics. After eltrombopag therapy, the peripheral monocyte count and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio significantly decreased in ITP patients. M1-related characteristics of ITP macrophages were partially reversed by eltrombopag. Therefore, this study revealed eltrombopag restored the monocyte dynamics and the associated Th1/Th2 imbalance, and partially reversed the M1-related characteristics of the ITP macrophages, which suggest the potential vital roles of TPO-RAs in regulating the monocyte/macrophage plasticity in ITP.

In 2007, an HIV-infected individual (Berlin patient) underwent two allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantations (allo-HSCTs) from a donor with a homozygous mutation in the HIV co-receptor CCR5 (CCR5Δ32) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, which eradicated HIV from infected patients simultaneously. Ten years later, another success in the 'London patient' was reported. These two cases suggest that allo-HSCT from a suitable donor is feasible for the treatment of haematological malignancies and HIV. Moreover, other novel approaches for anti-lymphoma have effectively suppressed HIV replication, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy, PD-1/Programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade, and therapies based on mechanisms that target the critical molecular pathways of tumour. This review discusses these approaches for both lymphoma and anti-HIV therapy.

The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been reported to be useful for predicting the prognosis of various malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, little is known about the role of LMR and PLR in the prognosis of DLBCL patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We retrospectively evaluated the prognostic value of the LMR and PLR in patients with newly diagnosed AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (AR-DLBCL) who were treated with CHOP-like chemotherapy at a single institution. In 33 AR-DLBCL patients, the median follow-up period was 32 months (range: 7-85 months), with an estimated 2-year overall survival (OS) rate of 79.9%. The univariate analysis confirmed the LMR ≤ 2.74 (p = .015), PLR ≥ 337.7 (p = .019), and moderate anemia (p = .045) were associated with inferior survival. The independent significant association between low LMR and poor OS in the multivariate analysis was identified (HR: 0.033, 95% CI: 0.001-0.853, p = .040). However, PLR (p = .459) and moderate anemia (p = .102) did not retain an independent significance in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, compared with the high-LMR group, patients with low-LMR more frequently had B symptoms (p = .010) and lower CD4+T cell count (p < .001). The pretreatment LMR may be an effective prognostic factor for predicting OS in patients with AR-DLBCL.

Patient: Male, 41 Final Diagnosis: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Symptoms: Fast-growing subcutaneous tumors with lower-extremity edema Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Hematology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for the large majority of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). DLBCL usually arises in lymph nodes, presenting as a painless rapid swelling mass in the neck, armpit, or groin. Case Report: Here, we report a case of DLBCL that needed only 3 months to develop a tumor 20×15 cm in diameter in the right groin and even caused scrotum swelling and lower-extremity edema. Furthermore, this case of DLBCL had developed other 3 subcutaneous tumors in the chest wall and their diameters were 16×9 cm, 7×7 cm, and 3×3 cm. A thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan presented with bilateral pleural effusion and the chest wall tumors with rib lesions. Conclusions: It is rare that a DLBCL needed only 3 months to develop a tumor 20×15 cm in diameter and even caused scrotum swelling and unilateral lower-extremity edema due to the large mass located in the right groin. Furthermore, it is extremely rare that this lymphoma infiltrated the chest wall and even resulted in rib lesions.

This paper introduces a typical corrosion phenomenon of the Integrated Circuits. A three-terminal adjustable shunt regulator outputted abnormal voltage on a PCBA because its Vref pin was open. Bonding pad corrosion was confirmed by SEM&EDX analysis. The pad was electrical open to the surrounding schematic. After a whole investigation, several lots of wafers were confirmed to be contaminated by silicone oil which was introduced during the demolding process. Delamination occurred between the molding compound and die. Plating solution which contained chlorine and sulphur percolated into package during Tin Plating.Supplier of the regulator was recommended to improve the demolding process. Besides, routine reliability monitoring(such as C-SAM, HAST) can be executed in quality control process to eliminate this failure mode in customer’s application.

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the involvement of the lung and central nervous system (CNS) in patients with DLBCL is rare. Furthermore, patients with DLBCL rarely exhibit specific clinical symptoms, which may delay definitive diagnosis. The present study reports the case of a 42-year-old man suffering from primary DLBCL with concurrent pulmonary and cerebral involvement. The patient suffered from human immunodeficiency virus infection and presented with symptoms including dry cough, thoracalgia, intermittent mild fever and mild headache. Thoracic computed tomography scans revealed multiple pulmonary masses, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed nodules in the left frontal cortex and bilateral basal ganglia. A percutaneous lung needle biopsy test confirmed the diagnosis of DLBCL. In addition, positron emission tomography revealed the involvement of other parts of the body in DLBCL. The aim of the present study was to present the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of the patient, which may aid physicians in diagnosing pulmonary and CNS involvement in DLBCL.

The heavy use of air-core reactors led to sharp increase of electromagnetic pollution, threating the health of working staff and the normal operation of other electric equipment. Therefore, it becomes important to study the EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) between air-core reactors. Firstly, the small-scale model of the air-core reactor is made based on the scaling rules. Then, the different regular arrangements in the actual installation of air-core reactors are simulated by changing the position of the small-scale models. At last, the MF (Magnetic Field) of air-core reactors is analyzed according to the model. Thus, it is possible to study the MF distribution of different arrangements of air-core reactors by establishing some-small scale models. The study of the paper provides reference for the practical application of air-core reactors in substation.

Some large-sized electrical equipment of the power system has been approximately simulated by the equivalent small-scale model. And the method has great practical value in the power system simulation and scientific study. However, the common small-scale model of reactors can't simulate the EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) for other electrical equipment just because of only taking electrical parameters such as its impedance into consideration. In this paper, the simplified model is made to simulate the PFMF (Power-frequency Magnetic Fields) around air-core reactors. The model provides theories and technologies for the forecast of PFMF around air-core reactors. Besides, the optimal structures of bicyclic and tricyclic simplified models are made by analyzing small-scale experiments and simplified models. And the annlytical result is verified by making models in the laboratory.