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Tight gas reservoirs are characterized by multiple thin and vertically distributed development layers with similar or different lithology and varying geological conditions. To increase the production per well and reduce development costs, field experts have widely adopted the commingled production of tight gas in multi-layer reservoirs. However, differences in reservoir properties and pressure might lead to interlayer interference which could influence the overall wellhead output. In this study, we propose a mathematical model for predicting the overall wellhead output of single and multi-layer tight gas reservoirs after interlayer interference. A reservoir(a) and process factor(b) were deduced to quantitatively analyze the difference in interlayer interference. The range and accuracy of the model were analyzed through a goodness-of-fit test. The results showed that the interlayer interference in multi-layer commingled production systems with three or more layers was decreasing, and the interlayer interference in multi-layer commingled production systems with three or more layers was not significantly affected by the increment of layers, the accuracy of the model was greater than 80% and closer to the lower limit of the process and reservoir factors. The model will provide a quantitative method for predicting interlayer interference in multi-layer commingled production, a reliable basis for understanding the mechanism of interlayer interference, and a theoretical framework for evaluating the feasibility of commingled production in multi-layer tight gas reservoirs.

Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes associated with obesity have been identified through Genome-wide Association Studies. However, no multiple loci interaction studies have been conducted in the Chinese population. This study investigated whether the combined effects of FTO and MC4R increase the risk of obesity in children and adolescents living in Northwest China.A total of 370 subjects (170 overweight/obese and 200 normal BMI subjects according to the Working Group on Obesity in China criteria) were enrolled using the random sampling method. FTO rs9939609 and rs9935401 and MC4R rs12970134 and rs17782313 interactions were analysed through generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, and logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk of the relationship between genotypes and obesity.Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction among FTO rs9939609/MC4R rs12970134/MC4R rs17782313, with a score of 10/10 for the cross-validation consistency and 9 for the sign test (p=0.011). A 2.453-fold increased risk of obesity was observed in individuals carrying the genotypes of FTO rs9939609 TA/AA, MC4R rs12970134 GA/AA, and MC4R rs17782313 TC/CC (adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity; 95% CI=1.12-5.37, p=0.025).Our results suggested that FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs12970134, and MC4R rs17782313 are strongly associated with obesity. The combined effects were highly significant on obesity in children and adolescents living in Northwest China.

To study the effect of pore size distribution (PSD) of Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts on the hydrodemetallization (HDM) activity, catalysts with different PSD were prepared using activated carbon and ammonium bicarbonate as pore-expanding agents and the HDM reaction was carried out in a high pressure trickle-bed reactor and Saudi Arabia vacuum residuum as the feedstock. The catalysts showed good activity of removing metal nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) when they contain 10–20 nm pores, but the catalysts with both 10–20 and >100 nm pores have higher activity of removing metal V. The effect of PSD on the removal of different metal compounds were also studied by analyzing different metal compounds distribution in its hydrotreated products. Both Ni and V compounds of small molecular size in the methanol extract and middle molecular size in the dimethylformatmide (DMF) extracts can be easily removed on the catalysts. However, most of the large molecular V and Ni compounds in the toluene extracts were the most resistant to be removed in the vacuum residuum hydrodemetallization. Large molecular V compounds in the toluene extracts can be hydrodemetallized effectively on the catalysts with macropore size (>100 nm) distribution. While catalysts with mesopore size distribution (10–20 nm) shows a higher HDNi activity for the large molecular Ni compounds in the toluene extracts. Catalyst with both 10–20 and >100 nm pore size distribution would be more appropriate for the Saudi Arabia vacuum residuum HDV and HDNi.

The distribution of vanadium (V) compounds in the petroleum vacuum residuum (VR) and their transformations in hydrodemetallization (HDM) were investigated. V compounds in the VR and its hydrotreated products were extracted by different solvents in sequence to obtain methanol, dimethylformamide (DMF), and toluene extract fractions. The extracts were further separated into several subfractions using silica gel chromatography with various polar solvents. Positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analyses was used to characterize V compounds before and after HDM. The contents of V compounds in the methanol, DMF, and toluene extracts were 9.04, 22.19, and 62.58%, respectively. The V compounds in the methanol extract were mainly porphyrin with a molecular formula of CnHmN4V1O1, which were found undergoing side-chain cracking and could be removed through hydrotreating. CnHmN5V1O2 species were found in the DMF extracts, which can be easily c...

A growing number of studies show that different countries and populations require different cut-off points for body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) leading to obesity. There are no data on optimal cut-off points to metabolic syndrome (MS) among urban residents in Ningxia. Our aim is to determine the appropriate cut-off points for BMI and WC associated with elevated prevalent MS risk among urban residents in Ningxia. A total of 2500 urban residents in Ningxia were examined from May 2008 to March 2009 in a community-based cross-sectional study. Height, body weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured to calculate BMI. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were examined using a blood glucose meter and the chromatographic enzyme method. BMI and WC were measured to assess overweight or obesity. Of these, 301 subjects were chosen according to metabolic syndrome diagnosis standards to form the case group. The control group comprised 301 healthy people without diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumors or chronic infections. Logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to determine optimal cut-off points for BMI and WC in relation to the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity. The optimal cut-off points for male and female respectively were 24.78 kg/m2 (sensitivity = 0.879, specificity = 0.648) and 24.72 kg/m2 (sensitivity = 0.804, specificity = 0.767) for BMI, 85.95 cm (sensitivity = 0.701, specificity = 0.641) and 78.25 cm (sensitivity = 0.804, specificity = 0.528) for WC. Urban residents in Ningxia were at high risk of MS, and the cut-off points for BMI and WC were lower than the data currently recommended in Asian population.

The hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) performance of a Chinese coker gas oil (CGO) was tested in a micro-fixed bed reactor over a nickel–tungsten supported on citric-treated Y zeolite mixed with a titania–silica composite catalyst (NiW/CYCTS) within the temperature range of 360–420 °C, operating pressure range of 5.0–8.0 MPa, liquid hour space velocity (LHSV) range of 0.5–2 h − 1 , H 2 /CGO ratio range of 400–1200 (v/v), and H 2 S concentration range of 1–5 wt.%. The effects of these parameters on the relative conversions of total nitrogen (TN), basic nitrogen (BN), and non-basic nitrogen (NBN) compounds were determined. The conversion of TN compounds enhanced as the temperature and operating pressure increased and as LHSV decreased. BN compounds were easier to be removed than NBN compounds; they were also affected more significantly by the reaction conditions. With increasing H 2 /CGO ratio, the conversion of BN and NBN compounds initially increased and then decreased thereafter. This finding may be attributed to the addition of phenyl-sulfide (PHS) in the feedstock. The kinetic study of the HDN reaction showed that TN, BN, and NBN compounds accorded with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The calculation of the rate constants and activation energies indicated that the HDN of NBN compounds controlled the removal of TN compounds. Moreover, the hydrogenation of N-heterocyclic was the controlling step for the conversion of NBN compounds. The results above can guide the development of CGO hydrotreating catalyst. With the information from this paper, the development of CGO hydrotreating catalyst can adjust the properties of the catalyst by decided technology which will favor the removal of NBN containing compounds.

Composites of TiO2–SiO2 oxides (CTS) with various Ti/Si atomic ratios were prepared by the sol–gel method, and the CO2 supercritical fluid extraction method was used to remove solvent in the gel. The effects of the Ti/Si atomic ratio and calcination temperature on the specific surface area, pore structure, acidity, and coordination status of the Ti atoms were investigated by N2 desorption, pyridine adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), respectively. Hydrotreating catalysts were prepared with cobalt (Co)–molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni)–tungsten (W) as active metal components supported on CTS-1 and CTS-4, respectively. The hydrotreating activities of the catalysts were tested by processing residue fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) diesel on a fixed-bed reactor. It was found that hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), and hydrodearomatization (HDA) were affected by the acidity of the support and/or catalyst, which was related to the Ti/Si atomic ratio...

Three catalysts NiW/Al 2 O 3 , NiW–P/Al 2 O 3 and NiW–CA/Al 2 O 3 with different morphologies but similar pore structures and acidity properties were prepared for studying the effect of morphology properties on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity for individual sulfur compounds in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) diesel. The morphology properties of the selected catalysts in oxidation and sulfidation states were characterized and the contents of individual sulfur compounds were determined by gas chromatography–pulse flame photometric detector (GC–PFPD). The results showed that NiW–P/Al 2 O 3 possessed the highest edge density of WS 2 phase and NiW–CA/Al 2 O 3 had the highest stacking degree of multilayered WS 2 phase. The HDS assessment showed that NiW–CA/Al 2 O 3 demonstrated positive effects on the HDS of refractory sulfur compounds like 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) or dibenzothiophene (DBT) with alkyl substitutes containing 3 carbons (C 3 DBT) but slight negative effects on the HDS of simple sulfur compounds such as benzothiophene (BT) with alkyl substitutes containing 1 ~ 5 carbons (C 1 ~ C 5 BT) and DBT with alkyl substitutes containing 1 carbon (C 1 DBT); while NiW–P/Al 2 O 3 favored for the HDS of simple sulfur compounds. The present results indicated that the morphology of WS 2 phase has a great influence on the HDS selectivity for different structured sulfur compounds.

MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor) gene polymorphisms have been associated with serum triglycerides (TG) in Caucasians and Japanese, but no reports are available Chinese. The purpose of this study was to find whether there was an association of rs17782313 polymorphisms at the MC4R gene with serum TG in elderly Chinese.2,012 over 40 years participated in a cross-sectional study in which their body mass index (BMI), TG, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms were determined.For women, carriers of the T/T genotype had significantly lower serum TG than those with C/C genotype (p=0.006). Carriers of the C/C genotype of this polymorphisms exhibited significantly lower fasting HDL-C levels compared with T/T and T/C genotypes (p=0.025), and increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p=0.043), but no change in blood pressure. Higher serum TG in carriers of the C/C genotype of MC4R gene remained stable after adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and three or more components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) by multivariable linear regression (p=0.01) in women. The carriers of the C/C genotype of MC4R gene showed significantly greater odds ratio for TG than T/C and T/T genotypes, even when adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, BMI and WC in women.The rs17782313 C/C genotype is associated with higher TG levels in older Chinese women.背景与目的：研究显示高加索人和日本人的黑色素皮质激素-4受体（MC4R） 基因多态性与血清甘油三酯（TG）相关，但没有关于中国人的报道。本研究 的目的是研究黑色素皮质激素-4受体基因rs17782313多态性是否与中国老年人 血清甘油三酯有关。方法与研究设计：本研究采用横断面的研究方法调查了 2012位年龄在40岁以上的成年人，测定其体质指数、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇以及黑色素皮质激素-4受体基因rs17782313多态性等指标。结果：携带 T/T基因型的女性血清甘油三酯明显低于携带C/C基因型的女性（p=0.006）。 携带C/C基因型的女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇则明显低于携带T/T和T/C基因型 的女性（p=0.025），但其糖化血红蛋白显著高于携带T/T和T/C基因型的女性 （p=0.043），血压无统计学意义。在校正了年龄、吸烟、饮酒、体质指数、 腰围和代谢综合征等因素后，多元线性回归分析发现携带C/C基因型的女性有 较高的血清甘油三酯（p=0.01）。在女性中，即使校正了年龄、吸烟、饮酒、 体质指数和腰围，携带C/C基因型的女性甘油三酯的比值比（OR值）仍然显 著高于携带T/C和T/T基因型的女性。结论：中国老年女性的黑色素皮质激素-4 受体基因rs17782313的C/C基因型与较高的血清甘油三酯有关。.

The effects of the Y zeolite crystallite size on the hydrocracking activity and middle distillate selectivity in hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil have been investigated using Ni–W catalysts with zeo...

This article presents a novel method for preparing hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) catalysts via combined phosphorous modification of alumina and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-assisted dispersion of active metals. The results showed that the catalyst prepared with this method possessed high dispersion of nickel and tungsten species, ascribed to EDTA addition. Simultaneously, high sulfidation degree of tungsten and nickel species was obtained due to the addition of phosphorous and EDTA. So the catalyst prepared by this method exhibited a greatly enhanced hydrodenitrogenation activity than the conventional method prepared.

Guided by Orem self-care theory, the nursing staff evaluate the injection of interferon antiviral therapy in patients, finding that patients with the presence of self-care was insufficient, so effective nursing care in different periods of application of different nursing system was necessary.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly prevalent and needs novel therapies. Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3) is a lung cancer antigen and calreticulin (CALR) can modulate immune responses. Our previous study has shown that up-regulated MAGE-A3 and CALR expression inhibits the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In this study, we examined the effect of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated MAGE-A3 and/or CALR expression on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of human NSCLC cells and on the vascular tube formation of human endothelial cells as well as on dendritic cell (DC) activation and induced CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in vitro. We found that low levels of CALR and MAGE-A3 were expressed by A549 cells, but only very low CALR was expressed by DC. Up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expression by infection with Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion, but promoted the apoptosis of A549 cells. Up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expression significantly inhibited cyclin D1 expression and the AKT, ERK1/2 and NF-κB expression and phosphorylation in A549 cells. Up-regulated CALR expression inhibited the tube formation in human endothelial cells. Up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expression synergistically enhanced classical DC activation by enhancing IL-12, but reducing IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, CTLs induced by up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expressing DCs synergistically triggered A549 cell apoptosis, which was abrogated by treatment with anti-HLA I, but not anti-HLA II antibodies. Moreover, CTLs induced by CALR and MAGE-A3-expressing DCs had a higher frequency of A549-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells. Our data indicated that up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expression inhibited the carcinogenesis of NSCLC by modulating the AKT, ERK MAPK and NF-κB signaling and enhanced classical DC activation and MAGE-A3-specific CTL cytotoxicity. Therefore, our findings may provide new insights in understanding the role of CALR in modulating antigen-specific T cell immunity and may aid in the design of new therapies for NSCLC.

To investigate the relationship of ionized calcium and 25-(OH) D level in serum with obesity in order to provide theoretical basis for preventing obesity-related diseases.Base on a cross-sectional study, 169 overweight/obese subjects (92 men: age (37.76 +/- 17.56) years, 77 women: age (38.79 +/- 17.40) years) and 169 normal weight control subjects (92 men: age (36.24 +/- 17.28) years, 77 women: age (32.32 +/- 13.07) years) were selected in a 1:1 case-control matches. 25-(OH) D was assessed by ELISA. Serum ionized calcium was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The relationship of ionized calcium and 25-(OH) D level in serum with obesity was analyzed by using a Logistic regression model.The average serum ionized calcium in overweight or obese subjects was(46.9 +/- 20.7) mg/L and that in normal control subjects was (63.2 +/- 19.5) mg/L (P0.001). Serum 25-(OH) D of overweight or obese was lower than normal control subjects ((48.3 +/- 16.7) nmmol/L vs. (63.8 +/- 35.4) nmmol/L, P0.001). Serum ionized calcium and 25-(OH) D was independently associated with body mass index in a logistic regression model [OR = 0.959, 95% CI 0.945-0.973; OR = 0.435, 95% CI 0.329-0.575].Serum 25-(OH) D levels in obesity group was lower than that in control group. The results suggest that vitamin D might play an important role in the risk of developing obesity.