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A 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase producing bacterium, designated GXGD002(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of banana plants cultivated in Guangxi province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GXGD002(T) is a member of the genus Variovorax. High levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity are found between strain GXGD002(T) and Variovorax paradoxus DSM 30034(T) (99.4 %), Variovorax ginsengisoli KCTC 12583(T) (99.1 %), Variovorax boronicumulans KCTC 22010(T) (99.0 %), Variovorax soli DSM18216(T) (98.7 %), Variovorax defluvii DSM 27259(T) (98.1 %) and Variovorax dokdonensis KCTC 12544(T) (97.4 %) respectively. However, the DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain GXGD002(T) and its closely related species V. paradoxus DSM 30034(T), V. ginsengisoli KCTC 12583(T) and V. boronicumulans KCTC 22010(T) were found to be 40.7, 30.9 and 23.7 %, respectively. The DNA G + C content of strain GXGD002(T) was found to be 67.8 mol%. The major fatty acids of strain GXGD002(T) are C16:0 (20.3 %), C10:0 3OH (18.4 %), C17:0 cyclo (18.9 %), C18:1w7c (12.3 %) and summed feature 3 (13.9 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and the major polar lipids as phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The results of polyphasic taxonomic study including physiological and biochemical tests, whole-cell SDS-PAGE profiles and chemotaxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain GXGD002(T) from the other species in the genus Variovorax. Based on these results, a new species, Variovorax guangxiensis, is proposed. The type strain is GXGD002(T) (=DSM 27352(T) = ACCC 05911(T)).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped strain designated PG04T was isolated from the rhizosphere of watermelon plants cultivated in Beijing, China. A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on the new isolate. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, isolate PG04T belonged clearly to the genus Hansschlegelia and was most closely related to Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae (97.3 % similarity to the type strain). The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10) and the polar lipid profile was composed of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (41.3 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (30.6 %) and C16 : 0 (19.1 %). The G+C content of the DNA was about 64.4 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed 34.4 % relatedness between strain PG04T and H. zhihuaiae DSM 18984T. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and differences in fatty acid profiles allowed clear phenotypic differentiation of strain PG04T from the most closely related species in the genus, H. zhihuaiae . Strain PG04T therefore represents a novel species within the genus Hansschlegelia , for which the name Hansschlegelia beijingensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain PG04T ( = DSM 25481T = ACCC 05759T).

Non-point source pollution is serious in the agriculture watershed of China. Understanding the characteristics of rainfall-runoff from agriculture watershed can provide theoretical support for controlling non-point source pollution. In this study, we investigated runoff characteristics of eight indices (dissolved total N, NO3--N, NH4+-N, total phosphorus, dissolved total phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, total organic carbon, COD) from three types of land uses, including farmland, forest and village in the downstream irrigation area of the Beiyunhe River basin. The results showed that the event mean concentrations (EMCs) of total dissolved N in village, farmland and forestland were 17.81 mg/L, 12.68 mg/L and 3.14 mg/L, respectively. EMC of total phosphorus in the order: farmland (0.44 mg/L) > village (0.22 mg/L) > forestland (0.17 mg/L). EMC of COD in the order: farmland (45.07 mg/L) > forestland (27.06 mg/L) > village (18.03 mg/L). The changes in the nutrients concentrations of the runoff water over a rainfall event indicated that the transports of the nutrients are similar among various land use types. The instantaneous concentrations of TN, NH4+-N, and NO3--N were high in the initial period of runoff, tend to decreasing with rainfall continuing, and increase in later period. Phosphorus concentration with time variation was not obvious among three land use types. The phosphorus species with high proportion in the total phosphorus was particle P (accounting for 75%) in forestland, dissolve P (79%) in farmland, and particle P (48%) and dissolve P (52%) in village. The curves of COD and TOC had been shown as high in the initial period of runoff, tending to increasing with rainfall continuing, and decrease in the later period. First-flush of all the indices were obvious in all three land use types with the rank of village > forestland > farmland. In village, all of the pollutions have taken place the phenomenon of first flush, while in farmland, pollutions tended to uniformly distribute or dilution throughout the storm event.