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This study aimed to investigate the effects of Elephantopus scaber extract on the GIFT (genetic improvement of farmed tilapia) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 800 tilapia with an initial body weight of 1.34 ± 0.09 g each were randomly divided into five groups. The tilapia in the control group (E0 group) were fed on a basal diet only. Meanwhile, tilapia in the four experimental groups were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg (E1 group), 3 g/kg (E2 group), 5 g/kg (E3 group), and 7 g/kg (E4 group) of E. scaber extract for 10 weeks. Results showed that the survival rate was higher in the experimental groups than in the control group. Compared with the control group, some growth parameters (FW, WGR, SGR, VSI, and HSI) were significantly improved in the E1 group and E2 group. The crude lipid content in the dorsal muscle and liver was lower in the E1 group than in the control group. After E. scaber extract supplementation, activities of immunity-related enzymes (ACP, AKP, T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and LZM) in plasma, liver, spleen and head kidney, and expressions of immunity-related genes (IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CCL-3) in liver, spleen and head kidney showed various degrees of improvement, while MDA content and Hsp70 expression level were decreased. The survival rate of tilapia increased in all the supplementation groups after Streptococcus agalactiae treatment. E. scaber extract addition changed the species composition, abundance, and diversity of intestinal microbiota in tilapia. These results demonstrate that E. scaber extract supplementation in diet can improve the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of GIFT against S. agalactiae. E. scaber extract supplementation can also change intestinal microbiota and reduce crude lipid content in dorsal muscle and liver. The above indicators show that the optimal dose of E. scaber extract for GIFT is 1 g/kg.

To explore the function of coagulation factor XII (F12) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).We assessed F12 expression and its relationship with overall survival (OS) in various cancers using TIMER and TISIDB databases. Further, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of F12 in PTC via different bioinformatics tools. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to determine the diagnostic value of F12 in PTC. Then, the Kaplan-Meier plotter and Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the prognostic significance of F12. The possible mechanism of F12 in PTC was investigated through enrichment analyses. Finally, the correlation between F12 expression and immune cell infiltration was analyzed using TCGA data.This study revealed the clinical significance of F12 in various cancers. Higher mRNA (P0.001) and protein expressions of F12 were observed in PTC compared with normal tissues. Besides, F12 expression exhibited high diagnostic performance in PTC and its overexpression served as an independent predictor for the poor OS (P0.05). Enrichment analyses results showed that F12 was mainly involved in metabolism-associated pathways. Additionally, F12 expression was significantly linked to immune cell infiltration levels, especially macrophage infiltration.F12 might be a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PTC. Moreover, F12 expression might affect the OS of PTC patients via regulating metabolic pathways.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary trehalose on growth, muscle composition, non-specific immune responses, gene expression and desiccation resistance of juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). A total of 540 (body weight of 0.41 ± 0.05) crayfish were randomly divided into six groups for a feeding experiment. Six diets with trehalose levels at 0 (Diet 1), 1 (Diet 2), 2 (Diet 3), 5 (Diet 4), 10 (Diet 5) and 15 (Diet 6) g kg−1 were prepared to feed juvenile red claw crayfish for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of crayfish in Diet 4, Diet 5 and Diet 6 groups were significantly improved compared with the control group (Diet 1). Muscle crude protein contents of crayfish fed Diet 4, Diet 5 and Diet 6 were significantly higher than those of the control group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in hepatopancreas and hemolymph of crayfish for Diet 4, Diet 5, and Diet 6 groups were significantly increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly reduced when compared with the control. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of crayfish fed Diet 5 and Diet 6 were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was not significantly different among all experimental groups. The hepatopancreas and intestine trehalose contents of crayfish showed an upward trend with the increase of dietary trehalose levels. Compared with the control group, supplementation of 5–15 g kg−1 trehalose in the feed up-regulated the expression levels of GPx, C-type lysozyme (C-LZM), antilipolysacchride factor (ALF), facilitated trehalose transporter homolog isoform X2 (Tret1-2) and facilitated trehalose transporter isoform X4 (Tret1-4) mRNA. In addition, supplementation of 5–15 g kg−1 trehalose in the feed could improve the survival rate of red claw crayfish under desiccation stress. These results suggested that supplementation of 5–15 g kg−1 trehalose in feed could significantly improve the growth performance, muscle protein, non-specific immunity and desiccation resistance of juvenile red claw crayfish.

Red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is an important freshwater shrimp species worldwide with enormous economic value. Waterless transportation is an inherent feature of red claw crayfish transportation. However, the high mortality of red claw crayfish is a severe problem in the aquaculture of crayfish after waterless transportation. In this study, we investigated the responses of the hepatopancreas from the red claw crayfish undergoing air exposure stress and normal conditions on transcriptome levels. We used Illumina-based RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to perform a transcriptome analysis from the hepatopancreas of red claw crayfish challenged by air exposure. An average of 57,148,800 clean reads per library was obtained, and 33,567 unigenes could be predicted and classified according to their homology with matches in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein sequences (Nr), Gene Ontology (GO), a manually annotated and reviewed protein sequence database (Swiss-Prot), protein families (Pfam), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) of proteins, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. 690 and 3407 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two stress stages of the red claw crayfish. More DEGs were identified in 12 h, indicating that gene expressions were largely changed at 12 h. Some immune-related pathways and genes were identified according to KEGG and GO enrichment analysis. A total of 12 DEGs involved in immune response and trehalose mechanism were verified by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results indicated that the red claw crayfish might counteract the stress of air exposure at the transcriptomic level by increasing expression levels of antioxidant-, immune-, and trehalose metabolism-related genes. These transcriptome results from the hepatopancreas provide significant insights into the influence mechanism of air exposure to the trehalose mechanism and immune response in the red claw crayfish.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of malignant tumor and the most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Metabolic reprogramming is considered a hallmark of cancer, and the study of BC metabolism may be the key to the development of new strategies for diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential metabolites and gene biomarkers for BC through the integration of metabolomics and transcriptomic data, which could further understand BC tumor biology. Transcriptome dataset GSE139038 was downloaded to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BC and normal control (NC) samples. Metabolomics dataset MTBLS326 was downloaded and preprocessed to obtain altered metabolites. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) and linear models were used to reveal DEGs–metabolites relations. Finally, the pathway enrichment analysis of altered metabolites was performed. A total of 280 DEGs and eight metabolites were explored between BC and NC samples. The liner module analysis investigated 28 DEGs–metabolites interactions including WASP family member 3 (WASF3)–lactate, ras-related protein Rab-7B (RAB7B)–lactate, and methyltransferase-like 7A (METTL7A)–pyruvate. Finally, pathways analysis showed that these metabolites (such as lactate and pyruvate) were mainly enriched in pathways like disorders of the Krebs cycle. Combining with the transcriptomic and metabolomics data, we found that lactate, pyruvate, WASF3, RAB7B, and METTL7A might be used as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for BC. In addition, the disorders of the Krebs cycle pathway might affect the progression of BC.

A reasonable and effective macromolecular model of bituminous coal was established. The molecular dynamics method based on reactive force field (ReaxFF) was used to simulate the pyrolysis process of typical bituminous coal in the range of 1400–2600 K. The distribution of products and evolution of intermediate radicals were analyzed. Calculation results showed that with increase of pyrolysis temperature, yield of char firstly increased and then decreased, while the trend in tar production was opposite. Yield of pyrolysis gas increased monotonously with increasing temperature. The pyrolysis of coal at low temperature mainly experienced primary reaction with formation of tar free radical fragments and small molecular gases. At high temperature, the secondary reaction of tar fragments was remarkable, and char with more content but less quantity and small molecular gas with more content and quantity were produced. The temperature turning point from the primary reaction to the second one was 2000 K. Under the high temperature pyrolysis conditions, C and H in coal gradually migrated into char and tar, while oxygen-containing functional groups were more active, resulting in migration of O to pyrolysis gases. In the secondary reaction stage, comparing chemical properties of the three elements C, H and O, O was the most active, H was the second, and C was the most stable. H2O was firstly released during pyrolysis. NH3 mainly came from secondary reactions during which H2S was consumed and converted into other products. Yield of H2 was the highest, and increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. A large amount of H2 was generated in secondary reactions, which was mainly from collision of hydrogen radicals generated from pyrolysis and condensation of aromatic structures. Based on ReaxFF simulation results, the weightless activation energy of coal pyrolysis was 39.45 kJ/mol.

A thorough theoretical exploration of microscopic mechanism for effect of sodium (Na) on nitric oxide (NO) heterogeneous reduction by char was performed based on density functional theory with consideration of London dispersion interaction. Calculation results show that the Na atom could migrate at edge of char and prefers to be incorporated into a five-atom ring forming a pentagon with 174.2 kJ/mol released. A strong electrostatic attraction between the Na atom and carbon atoms at the edge is found by reduced density gradient analysis. Electrons transfer from the Na atom to char, resulting in electron rearrangement on char. It is the most stable mode for adsorption of the first NO molecule when O atom in NO molecule is adjacent to the Na atom. The doping of Na could promote adsorption of the first NO molecule, but has little effect on that of the second NO molecule. The intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations and Mayer bond order analyses suggest that the Na atom affects heterogeneous reduction through “oxidized-reduced” cycle via “combination-separation” with the O atom. Desorption of N2 molecule is the rate-determining step in the whole reaction channel. The canonical variational theory was used for kinetic analyses, considering the tunneling effect along the reaction coordinate with Wigner method. It is found that the reaction is accelerated by doping Na atom. Although the addition of Na would not significantly reduce activation energy of the rate-determining step, but would increase activation sites at the edge of char.

Air exposure exerts unavoidable environmental stress during the transport of crayfish. This study evaluated survival, histological structure, non-specific immunity and gene expression in red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) under air exposure. Survival experiment showed that crayfish under air exposure started dying after 24 h, and survival rate decreased to 62.2% and 20.0% after 36 h and 48 h respectively. In the second experiment, crayfish divided into six groups with different air exposure time (0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h). Crayfish maintained in the normal culture environment were used as control (0 h), whereas other five groups were placed in tanks without water. Histopathological study found that air exposure resulted in swelling and vacuolation of hepatocytes and enterocytes. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) increased at 4–8 h short-term air exposure, and then decreased. T-AOC in hepatopancreas was suppressed significantly at 36 h exposure. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both hepatopancreas and hemolymph raised after 4 h and then reduced to the initial level. Expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, GPx and Trx 1), immune-related genes (C-LZM, CRU-2, and SERPIN3), anti-stress related genes (HSP70 and HSP90) were induced after short-term air exposure, and then down-regulated. Expression of SERP, HSP21 and NFKBIA maintained high levels during 36 h air exposure, indicating that these genes play vital roles in the defense mechanism against air exposure. In brief, our study demonstrates that air exposure causes pathological changes in hepatopancreas and intestines, and altered antioxidant and immune status in C. quadricarinatus. The suppressed antioxidant status, leading to tissue oxidative damage, is one of the main reason for death of crayfish under long-term air exposure.

In this paper, nanodiamond films (NDF) were prepared on glass substrate by screen printing with nanodiamond. The NDF was printed with two layers and treated with different surface treatments.The field emission model of nanodiamond thin film was established. Field Emission of different Ratio was studyed. The mechanism by which the field emission characteristics of nanocrystalline diamond films are improved was analyzed.

Due to the developed pore structure ,high specific surface area, low cost, accessible raw materials and stable physical and chemical properties, activated carbon has caused high attention of society. Nowadays activated carbon has been widely used in capacitor electrode production, water pollution treatment, medicine and other fields. We review the various preparation methods of activated carbon and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of them in this paper. The characteristics of activated carbon regeneration technology are also discussed from the perspective of improving the utilization rate of activated carbon. With the development of China's green economy and the increasing awareness of people's environmental protection, the research on the preparation and regeneration of activated carbon will surely have a broader development prospect.

This article outlines the various processes for CNT growth. The surface morphology of carbon nanotubes on carbon nanotubes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (TEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bifurcated carbon nanotubes were founded. Mechanism analysis was studied of bifurcated carbon nanotubes from chemical crystallization bifurcation and nonlinear dynamic bifurcation. At present, 5nm or 7nm chip fabrication is limited by quantum effects, which makes Moore's Law invalid. Bifurcated carbon nanotubes may be the development direction of new transistors.

In recent years, smart home has become one of the hottest topics in China, and smart window control system has become an indispensable part of smart home. In contemporary family, the window basically was daylighting, the only way that blocks dirt and ventilated take a breath, but also be the main way that enters a building illegally, put in significant safety hidden trouble. The intelligent window control system designed was controlled by a single chip microcomputer, integrated with a variety of sensors. It had the function of automatic closing to prevent slant rain from damaging indoor objects. The indoor harmful gas included natural gas, second-hand smoke, etc. These gas if exceed the limit would be dangerous, the smart window will automatically open. If thief enters a room, intelligent window could give an alarm automatically; The system would automatically monitor the indoor environment all the time. When the indoor temperature and humidity were above or below the set standard, the smart window would automatically adjust the switch state. Such intelligent window accomplished make the window real intelligence, the household life that gives people brought a lot of convenience, make the life quality of people further rise thereby.

Background: Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy; however, its treatment is still surgical. With the development and application of targeted therapy in cancer treatment, there are great development prospects in researching targeted drugs for thyroid cancer. Methods: Differentially expressed mRNAs between thyroid cancerous tissue and normal thyroid tissues were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to build co-expression modules and combined with differentially methylated gene (DMG) analysis. The druggability was analyzed by PockDrug-Server. Due to drug repositioning to seek targeted drugs to treat thyroid cancer we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and screened out a drug target of thyroid cancer. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) were used to analysis the protein enrichment of PPI network. Results: In the present study, the red module was significantly correlated with thyroid cancer. With DMG analysis, we screened out three genes: HEY2 , TNIK and LRP4 . These three genes were hypomethylation in tumors. The druggability based on PockDrug-Server predicted that only TNIK had protein pocket druggability. With PPI model for TNIK, there were ten genes interacted with TNIK. These genes were enriched in the MAPK and Wnt pathways, which are correlated with tumor proliferation, differentiation, and development. Upon searching for drugs against these 10 genes in Drugbank, it was determined that the targeted drug Binimetinib which is MEK1/2 inhibition. Therefore, we hypothesized that Binimetinib can be used as a targeted drug and TNIK can be regard as drug target for thyroid cancer therapy. Conclusion: Our research provides a bioinformatics method for screening drugs target and provides a theoretical basis for targeted therapy for thyroid cancer.

This study was aimed at investigating the cellular responses of Penaeus monodon haemocytes to poly I:C stimulation using flow cytometric assay. Total haemocyte count (THC), percentages of different haemocyte subpopulations [hyaline cells (HC), semigranular cells (SGC) and granular cells (GC)], non-specific esterase activity (EA), total reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production, nitric oxide (NO) production, apoptotic haemocyte ratio and plasmic phenoloxidase (PO) activity were determined in poly I:C-injected shrimp. Results showed that poly I:C at a low dose (5 μg shrimp−1) caused obvious increases in THC, GC proportion, ROS/RNS production and NO production, but had no significant effect on EA, apoptosis and PO activity. In the early stage of poly I:C injection at a high dose (20 μg shrimp−1), THC and GC proportion improvements could also be observed, suggesting that GC might be induced to release from hemocytopoietic or other tissues to participate in immune response, and this subpopulation might be the main cell type involved in the cellular defence against virus. In the later period, proportions of both GC and SGC reduced paralleled by THC reduction, indicating that depletion of GC and SGC was mainly contributed to the reduced count of circulating haemocyte. Obvious increases in ROS/RNS production and NO production were induced in haemocyte of shrimp under a high dose of poly I:C stimulation, but only slight rise of EA and suppression of PO activity could be observed in poly I:C-stimulated shrimp, suggesting that ROS/RNS-dependent system was vital in the immune defence of shrimp against virus. On the other hand, increase of apoptotic haemocyte ratio and THC reduction were presented after the drastic increases of ROS/RNS and NO productions, implying that the stimulated ROS/RNS might be excess and harmful, and was the major factor for the haemocyte apoptosis and depletion. THC recovered after 48 h injection, while haemocyte apoptosis also returned to the control level, suggesting that apoptosis might be contributed to eliminate damaged, weak or infected haemocytes to renew the circulating haemocytes, and it could be considered as an important defending strategy against virus.

Morphology and immune functions of Penaeus monodon haemocytes were analysed by flow cytometry (FCM). Basing on the relative size and granularity, there are three types of haemocyte identified by FCM, including hyaline cells (HC), semigranular cells (SGC) and granular cells (GC). GC and SGC were significantly larger than HC. GC contained more granules in the cytoplasm than the two other types. SGC were the most abundant cells, while HC were the least. The mean total apoptotic cell ratio was 5.09 % in the fresh shrimp haemocytes. SGC contributed most to the phagocytic activity, and HC contributed least, probably due to the great difference of percentage. GC had most mass of mitochondria and lysosome, and HC contained least. Defined by different characteristic of lysosomal mass, three subsets of haemocytes were observed. GC were most active in non-induced and zymosan-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while HC showed lowest oxidative activity. Both non-induced and zymosan-induced esterase activity (EA) in GC were higher than those in SGC and HC. The present flow cytometric analysis clearly demonstrated the variation in morphologic and immunological characterisation among the three haemocyte subpopulations. The facts that SGC account for most of the number of circulating haemocyte, while GC contain most organelles in relation to energy supply and immune defence, and have highest immune activites, suggesting that GC and SGC are the main haemocyte types involved in the cellular defence of P. monodon.

Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy; however, surgery remains its primary treatment option. A novel targeted drug for the development and application of targeted therapy in thyroid cancer treatment remain underexplored. We obtained RNA sequence data of thyroid cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we constructed co-expression network with DEGs and combined it with differentially methylation analysis to screen the key genes in thyroid cancer. PockDrug-Server, an online tool, was applied to predict the druggability of the key genes. Finally, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to observe potential targeted drugs for thyroid cancer. We identified 3 genes correlated with altered DNA methylation level and oncogenesis of thyroid cancer. According to the druggable analysis and PPI network, we predicted TRAF2 and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) sever as the drug targeted for thyroid cancer. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that genes in protein-protein interaction network of TNIK enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. For drug repositioning, we identified a targeted drug of genes in PPI network. Our study provides a bioinformatics method for screening drug targets and provides a theoretical basis for thyroid cancer targeted therapy.

nanoDiamond was mixed with ethylic cellulose and other Material to form to paste. A series of sol-gel nanoDiamond film with different proportions were designed test intentionally. nanoDiamond film was fabricated on Aluminum substrates using two-steps sintering process. The moving terminal of the variable super-capacitor was the shaft which throughout each of monolithic capacitor plate. The low melting point glass powder possesses giant permittivity, low dielectric loss, good thermal stability and dielectric constant in a wide temperature range which applied very broad prospects in microelectronics. The low melting point glass powder was mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose and deionized water to paste. The low melting point glass powder insulation thick-film was fixed on nanoDiamond film .In this paper, the insulation thick-film preparation: sintering at 578K to 588K and keeping 11.5 h to 12.5 h. A variable super-capacitor was designed based on nanoDiamond film electrode and low melting point glass powder insulation thick. Insulation thickness was prepared on uniform nanodiamond film to increase insulation super-capacitor between the two plates.

HCN is an important precursor of nitric oxide (NO) during pulverized coal combustion. A thorough theoretical exploration with density functional theory and wave functional theory was performed to elucidate the effect mechanism of Fe on HCN heterogeneous formation from nitrogen-containing char. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, an aromatic cluster model consisting of pyridinic nitrogen was chosen for simulation. Electronic structure analysis showed that abundant π electrons were sufficiently delocalized above and below the basal model plane. Maxima of electrostatic potential existed at every hollow site at the center of a hexagon on van der Waals surface. Calculation results indicated that chemisorptions of iron atoms on seven different hollow sites were exothermic spontaneous reactions with the formation of interstitial iron carbides and iron nitrides. It was verified by reduced density gradient analysis that the Fe atom and nitrogen containing char were mainly combined by electrostatic attraction. Heterogeneous desorption of HCN from nitrogen containing char was endothermic, whether iron was in presence or not. The rate-determining step was the ring-opening process of the nitrogen heterocyclic ring when iron not bonding to the nitrogen atom, while it was the breakage of Fe-N bond when iron combined with the nitrogen atom. Thermodynamic and kinetics analyses found that the participation of Fe had inhibiting effect on heterogeneous formation of HCN except the direct binding of iron to nitrogen.

The effect mechanism of Ca on nitric oxide (NO) heterogeneous reduction by char was investigated using density functional theory calculations with correction of London dispersion interaction. Non-catalytic heterogeneous reduction of NO by char was also studied for comparison. Electron spin density and dual descriptor of the simplified char model with zigzag configuration were analyzed to predict adsorption sites of the NO molecule and Ca atom. It was found with the method of reduced density gradient that the calcium atom and carbon atoms at the edge of char were mainly combined by electrostatic attraction. The activation energy of each elementary reaction in the two reaction pathways indicated that Ca showed catalytic activity in the formation of N-N bond and the desorption of N2 molecule. The fitted reaction activation energy was 76.34 kJ/mol for NO heterogeneous reduction at the edge of pristine char; whereas it was 51.78 kJ/mol for that at the edge of Ca-decorated char. Calculation results also showed that the addition of Ca could shorten the reaction path of NO heterogeneous reduction. The promotion of Ca to NO heterogeneous reduction was attributed to combination of the two aspects above.

Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a class molecule oxidoreductase, which can regulate the redox state of proteins and plays a key role in antioxidant defense. However, the informations of Grx cDNA sequences and their functions are lack in decapod crustacea. In the present study, the cDNA of LvGrx 2 was cloned from the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The open reading frame (ORF) of LvGrx 2 was 360 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 119 amino acids. The molecular mass of the predicted protein is 12.87 kDa with an estimated pI of 8.22. Sequence alignment showed that the amino acid sequence of LvGrx 2 shares 59%, 59% and 58% identity with that of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, the plateau frog Nanorana parkeri and the half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that LvGrx 2 were detected in a wide range of tissues, with highest expression in gill, hepatopancrea and intestine, and weakest expression in muscle. The expression responses of LvGrx 2 were analyzed in hepatopancrea and gill after ammonia-N stress or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. During ammonia-N exposure, the LvGrx 2 transcriptions in hepatopancrea and gill significantly up-regulated, and the peak value appeared after 12 h and 24 h exposure respectively. After LPS injection, expression levels of LvGrx 2 in hepatopancrea obviously increased in the early and late stages, while LvGrx 2 transcription in gill sharply up-regulated in the middle period. These results suggest that LvGrx 2 may play a vital role in shrimp defense system against environmental stress and pathogen infection. RNA interference experiment was designed to further probe roles of LvGrx 2 during ammonia-N exposure. Ammonia-N induced obvious improvement in expression levels of LvGrx 2, LvGrx 3, GPx, GST and Trx, accompanied by increases of protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. However, transcription of GPx and GST were much weaker in LvGrx 2 interfered-shrimp, and oxidative damage in both lipid and protein were more serious. These results further suggest that LvGrx 2 in shrimp participates in oxidative defence and regulation of antioxidant system.

The intelligent home old-age service was an important way to solve the problem of current worsening old-age care reality in China[1-2]. An intelligent old-age home endowment monitoring system based on internet of things was proposed in this paper. The system has higher practical value, old-age health condition could be real-time monitored, the alerts could be sent when the unforeseen situation happened to the old man.

Different haemocyte types have been reported to play diverse roles in immune defense of shrimp. To investigate the roles of the three haemocyte types [hyaline cells (HC), semigranular cells (SGC) and granular cells (GC)] of shrimp in immune responses against lipopolysaccharide (LPS), percentage, non-specific esterase activity (EA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) production of the three haemocyte subpopulations were analyzed in LPS-injected Penaeus monodon using flow cytometry. Results showed that percentage of HC increased after 3 h injection, and returned to the original level after 48 h. Proportion of SGC and GC reduced after 6-36 h and 3-12 h respectively, and recovered to the initial level after 48 and 24 h respectively. Loss of SGC and GC might be related to degranulation to release proPO system, and degranulation of GC seemed more sensitive to LPS stimulation. EA of both HC and SGC improved after 3-6 h injection, while EA of GC was induced after 3-24 h. No significant effect of LPS injection could be found in ROS production and NO production of HC. Enhanced ROS levels was observed in SGC and GC after 3-24 h and 3-36 h respectively, and NO production of SGC and GC improved after 3-48 h injection. These results demonstrated that SGC and GC possessed strong capabilities for LPS-induced EA, ROS production and NO production, while HC only displayed EA response to LPS, suggesting that GC and SGC play the main role in immune defense of shrimp against Gram-negative bacteria.

Oxidative burst, release of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) contributed to microorganisms killing, is a vital immune response of crustacean haemocyte. Three morphologic haemocyte types (hyaline cells, HC; semigranular cells, SGC; granular cells, GC) have been defined in crustaceans, and found to play different roles in immune defense. However, oxidative burst activities of different haemocyte subpopulations in crustaceans are currently not documented. In the present study, we investigated the oxidative burst activities of the three haemocyte types in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii using the common ROS fluorescent probe dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCFH-DA). Nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) improved the DCF fluorescence in haemocytes, while NO scavenger C-PTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and NO-synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) reduced the fluorescence, suggesting that DCF fluorescence intensity could also be modified by intracellular NO level and activity of NO-synthase pathway. ROS/RNS was also produced in the untreated haemocytes. GC contained most non-induced ROS/RNS production, while oxidative activity of HC was rather weak. No significant impact of PMA could be observed on ROS/RNS level in all the three cell types. Both zymosan A (ZA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly triggered the production of ROS/RNS in SGC and GC, whereas they had no effect on those of HC, suggesting that SGC and GC were the primary cell types involved in pathogens killing by ROS/RNS pathway. Cytochalasin B (Cyt B) inhibited the ZA-induced ROS/RNS production, but could not change the ROS/RNS level stimulated by LPS. For unstimulated haemocytes, ROS/RNS productions decreased 29.6%, 44.1% and 48.6% in SGC, and decreased 44.5%, 28.4% and 57.3% in GC, in the presence of L-NMMA, Fccp and DPI respectively, whereas apocynin could not modulate DCF fluorescence in both SGC and GC, suggesting that mitochondrial oxidative pathway was relatively more dominant in SGC, and NO-synthase (NOS) pathway appeared more active in GC. For LPS-stimulated haemocytes, oxidative activities decreased 22.9%, 42.9%, 29.6% and 60.0% in SGC, and reduced 40.6%, 25.2%, 26.7% and 70.6% in GC with the presence of L-NMMA, apocynin, Fccp and DPI respectively, suggesting that NADPH-oxidase (NOX) pathway in both SGC and GC was activated by LPS, and it became the predominant oxidative pathway in stimulated SGC, while NOS pathway was the relative main source for ROS/RNS production in stimulated GC.

In this study, three bio-electrokinetic remediation experiments were carried out to study the external delivery of oil-degrading bacteria by electrokinetics and enzyme activities in saturated soil. Results showed that the oil-degrading bacteria could efficiently transport to the saturated oil-contaminated soil by electrophoresis and/or electroosmosis. Bacterial population increased from 6.02-7.75 log (CFU/g) in the control experiment to 8.53-12.83 log (CFU/g) after external bacterial delivery. Under unidirectional operation, the bacterial populations near the electrodes were lower than those in the middle of the soil as a result of unfavorable pH environments. In bidirectional experiment BEK-B, a relatively low bacterial population in the middle of the soil was observed after the experiment. The activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase, and dehydrogenase have similar trends with bacterial population in the soil, indicating a good relation between the three enzymes and oil biodegradation of oil in soil.

Bio-electrokinetic remediation of oil-contaminated soil is a promising technology. In this study, three bio-electrokinetic remediation experiments were carried out to study the effects of external addition of oil-degrading bacteria by electrokinetics and different operational parameters on oil decontamination in saturated soil. Results showed that oil in soil migrated from the anode towards the cathode with forward electroosmotic flow and accumulated near the cathode. Oil was barely degraded without external addition of oil-degrading bacteria. Although electrolytes were refreshed every 12 hr, soil pH varied greatly at the electrodes under unidirectional operation. When electrode polarity was reversed every 2 hr, soil pH was efficiently controlled within the range of 6.35-9.75. The relative oil concentrations after the bidirectional experiment were in the range of 0.81-0.84 after 20 days of treatment. The relatively low oil degradation rate may be due to the facultative aerobic environment in the saturated soil matrix.

At present, the efficiency of livestock manure and crop residues is low in our country compared with international level. A massive array of automatic methane pond system is presented with controlled temperature and pressure. A single chip Micyoco( SCM) is the control unit. The motor is connected to the SCM; the transmission mechanism connected with the motor, the transmission chain is surrounded by a ring-shaped motor drive; loading of raw materials like iron grid mesh cage, rotates with the transmission chain.

A comprehensive molecular simulation study on heterogeneous reaction mechanisms of NO with nitrogen-containing char is carried out using density functional theory. NO chemisorption and subsequent possible reaction pathways are proposed. Geometries of reactants, products, stable intermediates and transition states are optimized at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. It is found that NO molecule chemisorption with its bond axis parallel to the edge line of nitrogen-containing char is a weakly exothermic process. The N-O bond in NO molecule tends to dissociate after chemisorption. N2 and CO are desorbed when NO molecules are chemisorbed with the formation of N-N bond. N2 desorption is exothermic, while CO desorption is endothermic. So we conclude that N2 is the dominant product from interaction between NO and nitrogen-containing char.

A Ce-Zr-Ti composite oxide catalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method and its NH3-SCR activities were investigated. The Ce-Zr-Ti oxide catalyst exhibited high activity and 92.7-98.8% NO conversion was obtained in the temperature range 250-450 °C at the high gas hourly space velocity of 50,000 h-1. In comparison with Ce-Ti oxide catalyst, the Ce-Zr-Ti oxide catalyst showed strong resistance to H2O and SO2. The excellent performance of the Ce-Zr-Ti oxide catalyst might be attributed to the large surface area and strong interaction among the three elements of Ce, Zr and Ti.

In this paper, a novel light-absorpting shade and optical fiber and long persistent luminescent phosphor materials provided a safe and reliable day-and-night solar lighting system. It was not only save resource, reduce pollution, at the same time introduced solar light into the indoor to satisfy the lighting needs. The novel light-absorpting shade fabricated nanodiamond film to achieve the goal of self-cleaning,corrosion-resistant and corrosion-high temperature. This novel solar lighting system used of total reflection characteristic of optical fiber, and long persistent luminescent phosphor materials short storage time, high brightness to realize the purpose of day and night lighting.

Mechanisms of N2 desorption from NO heterogeneous reduction on char surface were investigated by molecular modeling using density functional theory. All geometric optimization and single point energy calculations were performed at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Adsorption of NO on a char surface was a strongly exothermic process. Two different reaction pathways for N2 desorption were obtained by calculations, both of which released more than 1,000 kJ/mol. The energy barrier of the rate-limiting step for N2 desorption was 95 kJ/mol by reaction of surface carbon-nitrogen species with another NO molecule and was 205 kJ/mol by combination of two neighboring surface carbon-nitrogen species. The forward reaction rate of each intermediate reaction was calculated employing conventional transition state theory. Predicted rate constants of rate-limiting steps were 3.17 × 1011 s−1 and 7.52 × 107 s−1 at 1,400 K for the two foregoing reactions, respectively.