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The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) 3 (SERCA3), a member of the SERCA protein family, is located at the endoplasmic reticulum. Its main function is to pump Ca2+ into the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis and signal transduction, which are very important factors impacting cancer development and progression. However, the specific role of SERCA3 in cancer remains unclear. Our study, for the first time, comprehensively analyzed the SERCA3 expression profile in multiple cancers and its prognostic value in different cancers using bioinformatics. Furthermore, TCGA database was applied to evaluate the certain correlation of SERCA3 expression with immune modulator genes, immune checkpoints, immune cell infiltration, TMB, and MSI. The results revealed that in many cancers, SERCA3 expression was markedly decreased, which was related to poor prognosis. Additionally, we noticed that SERCA3 expression was correlated with TNM classification and WHO cancer stages in some cancer types. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that SERCA3 expression was closely associated with chemokines, chemokine receptors, MHC, immune activation genes, and immunosuppressive genes. In most cancer types, SERCA3 expression was also associated with immune checkpoints, including PDCD1 and CTLA-4. Further analysis suggested that SERCA3 was significantly correlated with CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells. Additionally, pan-cancer analysis confirmed that SERCA3 expression was related to TMB and MSI. In conclusion, these results offer a new insight into the functions and effects of SERCA3 in pan-cancer, and further provide some basis for considering SERCA3 as a potential cancer treatment target and biomarker.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) OIP5-AS1 was shown to facilitate drug resistance and metastasis in several tumors. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been elucidated as the origin of drug resistance and tumor progression, we speculate that lncRNA OIP5-AS1 holds critical roles in the CSC-like traits of lung cancer. Here, lncRNA OIP5-AS1 was found to be highly expressed in lung cancer cell spheres. Following experiments showed that OIP-AS1 knockdown reduced the CSC-like traits of lung cancer spheres, while overexpression of OIP-AS1 conferred the CSC-like traits in lung cancer cells by performing sphere-formation analysis, detecting stemness marker expression, and ALDH activity. Mechanistic studies revealed that lncRNA OIP5-AS1 could increase Oct4 expression by directly interacting with Oct4 mRNA and enhancing Oct4 mRNA stability. Finally, we found that the knockdown of Oct4 could rescue the promoting effects of OIP5-AS1 overexpression on the CSC-like traits of lung cancer. These results demonstrate that lncRNA OIP5-AS1 can confer lung cancer CSC-like traits by directly interacting with Oct4 mRNA and thus increasing Oct4 mRNA stability and expression.

KN026 is a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted bispecific antibody that binds two distinct domains of HER2. We report the safety and efficacy results of the phase 2 trial in patients with advanced HER2-expressing gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who failed from at least one prior line of standard treatment.In this open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial, eligible patients were enrolled in the high-level HER2 cohort or low-level HER2 cohort and assigned to receive KN026 10 mg/kg (once a week), 20 mg/kg (once every two weeks) or 30 mg/kg (once every three weeks) intravenously. The primary end-points were the objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (version 1.1).Between 17th June 2019 and 23rd August 2021, 45 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of KN026, including 27 patients in the high-level HER2 cohort, 14 patients in the low-level HER2 cohort and four patients who had no HER2 expression. The ORR in the high-level HER2 cohort was 56% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35%-76%), with a durable response duration of 9.7 months (95% CI 4.2-not evaluable); while for the patients with low-level HER2, the ORR was 14% (95% CI 2%-43%). The most frequent ≥ grade 3 treatment-emergent adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (five patients, 11%). No drug-related deaths were reported.KN026 showed a favourable safety profile and promising anti-tumour activity. Our results support further studies evaluating KN026 and the combination treatment with other active drugs in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer having high-level HER2 expression.

The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) 3 (

Bronchial artery embolization is minimally invasive, has a low complication rate, and achieves good hemorrhage control. It is the first-line treatment in hemoptysis patients whom medications are ineffective. Cerebral infarction is a rare complication of bronchial artery embolization, with posterior circulation infarcts being the most common. Possible mechanisms include a neurotoxic reaction to the contrast medium used, bronchial artery-pulmonary shunt, embolus formation, fistula formation between the bronchial artery and the cerebral artery, and so on. To the best of our knowledge, there have been relatively few reports regarding posterior circulation infarcts after BAE, including 14 cases shown in Table 1. 11 patients recovered well after medical treatment, while the other patients did not survive. We report a case of a patient with a large posterior circulation infarct post bronchial artery embolization who developed severe neurological symptoms and died after 3 months of medication. Conclusion: Posterior circulation infarction is a rare but severe complication of bronchial artery embolization, and measures should be taken to prevent its occurrence.

Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the efficacy of physical exercise-assisted routine therapy on the pulmonary function of patients with stable asthma to provide clinical evidence and data support to guide disease management. Methods. Randomized controlled clinical trials of drug therapy and/or physical exercise for patients with stable asthma were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science database. The studies published between January 2000 and June 2021 that met the criteria were included, and corresponding data were extracted. The meta-analysis was performed using the statistical software Stata 16.0. Statistical pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model, as funnel plots were made with Begg’s rank correlation method to evaluate publication bias. Result. This meta-analysis included 14 randomized controlled studies. Physical exercise-assisted treatment (experiment group) or routine therapy was associated with significantly elevated levels of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) ( P < 0.05 ). As for the peak expiratory flow (PEF) level ( P < 0.05 ), its level was significantly increased with physical exercise-assisted therapy compared with the conventional approach ( P > 0.05 ). Subgroup analysis indicated that the FVC level in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) regardless of the adoption of aerobic exercise/anaerobic exercise. In regard to the FEV1 and PEE levels, aerobic exercise was associated with elevated levels in the experimental group ( P < 0.05 ), while no significant difference in anaerobic exercise between both groups was observed ( P > 0.05 ). Further, FEV1, FVC, and PEF levels in the experimental group were higher than those receiving conventional treatment in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Routine treatment combined with physical exercise could improve the levels of FEV1, FVC, and PEF in patients with bronchial asthma in the nonacute attack stage and enhance pulmonary functions. As a safe and efficient adjuvant therapy, physical exercise can contribute to an improved prognosis and quality of life for patients with asthma.

Grading the porous anode microstructure, i.e., gradient anode is an effective way to enhance the electrical performance of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This article is the first ...

In the supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle, recuperators play an important role in cycle efficiency and operating performance. In this work, a dynamic model of the supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle is developed. The effects of high-temperature and low-temperature recuperators on the dynamic characteristics of the cycle are examined. It is found that cycle parameters, including temperature, power, and cycle efficiency, exhibit sinusoidal variations like the source signal provided by the hot-side inlet temperature of recuperator. The transient responses in different locations of the cycle have different amplitudes and phases. The source signal with amplitude of 12.5 K at the hot-side inlet temperature of the high-temperature recuperator causes power variations of 10, 1, and 1.3 kW, respectively, in the turbine, main compressor, and recompressor, while the maximum variance of the cycle efficiency is within 1.57%. When the amplitude at the hot-side inlet temperature of the high-temperature recuperator is changed to 25 K, variances in the cycle efficiencies, powers, and temperatures, respectively, nearly double in the turbine, compressors, and recuperators. When two source signals are added to the cycle, the phase of the cycle efficiency well matches each phase of the two individual source signals.

Printed circuit heat exchangers are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle due to its high pressure resistance and high compactness. It is a critical component to exchange the heat between the primary loop and the secondary loop, which directly relates to the overall efficiency of the Brayton cycle. This work investigates the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide side inlet temperature and pressure on the overall heat transfer performance of a printed circuit heat exchanger with zigzag fins. A new evaluation method with working point is proposed to estimate the overall heat transfer performance, which considers the effects of working temperature and pressure. The results show that the overall heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of mass flow rate and operating pressure, but performs the opposite changes with the increase of inlet temperature. A printed circuit heat exchanger will get better performance when the working point is closer to 1. This evaluation method is further validated under different operating conditions with available data from the open literature. The results show that the overall heat transfer coefficient peaks when the working point is closer to 1 for a double pipe heat exchanger.

Supercritical heat transfer mechanisms and heat transfer correlations are firstly reviewed in present paper. The heat transfer characteristics of S-CO2 in circumferentially non-uniform heated vertical upward flow are then numerically studied and the fundamental mechanisms are discussed. The abnormal heat transfer for S-CO2 is believed to be caused by the comprehensive effect of thermophysical property variations. For S-CO2 with non-uniform heating and large mass flow rate, the enhanced heat transfer is mainly related to the large specific heat in the near wall region while the deteriorated heat transfer is dominated by the thickening viscous sublayer induced by the viscosity increase. Besides, the buoyancy effect induced by the density variation is still prominent to axial velocity distribution even in the forced convection. Finally a new correlation with higher accuracy is developed for S-CO2 circumferentially average heat transfer by introducing the correction parameters of viscosity, specific heat, axial flow-acceleration and non-uniform heat flux.

4040 Background: Outcomes of second or later-line treatment for pts with advanced GC/GEJC remain inferior. KN026 is a novel HER2-targeted bispecific antibody composed of VH regions of trastuzumab and pertuzumab, targeting the HER2 juxtamembrane domain (IV) and the dimerization domain (II) simultaneously. KN026 has shown promising antitumor efficacy in preclinical and phase I studies. Here we present the results of KN026 monotherapy in previously treated, advanced HER2-expressing GC/GEJC. Methods: In this multi-center, single-arm, open-label, 2-cohort phase II study, adult pts with previously treated, advanced GC/GEJC were assigned into a HER2 high-level cohort (Cohort 1: IHC3+ or IHC 2+ ISH+) or a HER2 low-level cohort (Cohort 2: IHC 1+/2+ ISH- or IHC 0/1+ISH+). KN026 was given intravenously in 10 mg/kg QW, 20 mg/kg Q2W, or 30 mg/kg Q3W. Primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR) assessed by investigators per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety outcomes. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03925974). Results: At data cut-off (Oct. 29, 2021), 45 pts were enrolled and treated with KN026; 39 were eligible for response evaluation (25 pts in Cohort 1 and 14 pts in Cohort 2). In Cohort 1, ORR was 56% (95%CI 35%-76%) with 14 PR; the median DoR was 9.7 months (mo) (95%CI 4.2-not evaluable (NE)). At a median follow-up of 14.7 mo (95%CI 9.4-16.5), the median PFS was 8.3 mo (95%CI 4.2-11.4), and median OS was 16.3 mo (95% CI 11.0- NE). In Cohort 2, ORR was 14% (95%CI 2%-43%), with median DoR being 6.2 mo (95%CI 3.2-NE). At a median follow-up of 27.5 mo (95%CI 4.1-NE), the median PFS was 1.4 mo (95%CI 1.4-4.1), and median OS was 9.6 mo (95% CI 3.5-14.9). The table shows efficacy in Cohort 1 pts who have progressed on the prior trastuzumab treatment. KN026-related adverse events (TRAEs) were observed in 37 (82%) pts; the most common TRAEs (any grade) were increased aspartate aminotransferase (12, 27%), increased alanine aminotransferase (9, 20%), rash (7,16%), anemia (7,16%), and infusion-related reaction (7,16%). Four pts reported 5 grade 3 TRAEs, including infusion-related reaction, renal hydrocele, ureteral stenosis, increased blood pressure, and abnormal hepatic function (1 each). No grade 4 or 5 TRAEs occurred. Conclusions: KN026 monotherapy yielded promising efficacy with mild to moderate toxicities in pts with previously treated, advanced GC/GEJC. Further investigation is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT03925974. [Table: see text]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a serious burden on global public health. Although therapeutic drugs against COVID‐19 have been used in many countries, their efficacy is still limited. We here reported nanobody (Nb) phage display libraries derived from four camels immunized with the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD), from which 381 Nbs were identified to recognize SARS‐CoV‐2‐RBD. Furthermore, seven Nbs were shown to block interaction of human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with SARS‐CoV‐2‐RBD variants and two Nbs blocked the interaction of human ACE2 with bat‐SL‐CoV‐WIV1‐RBD and SARS‐CoV‐1‐RBD. Among these candidates, Nb11‐59 exhibited the highest activity against authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 with 50% neutralizing dose (ND50) of 0.55 μg/ml. Nb11‐59 can be produced on large scale in Pichia pastoris, with 20 g/L titer and 99.36% purity. It also showed good stability profile, and nebulization did not impact its stability. Overall, Nb11‐59 might be a promising prophylactic and therapeutic molecule against COVID‐19, especially through inhalation delivery., We reported nanobody (Nb) phage display libraries derived from four camels immunized with the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD), from which 381 Nbs were identified to recognize SARS‐CoV‐2‐RBD including several mutants. Nb11‐59 exhibited potent antiviral activity against authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 with 50% neutralizing dose (ND50) of 0.55 μg/ml, and it can be produced on large scale in Pichia pastoris with titers reached 20 g/L. Importantly, Nb11‐59 showed a good stability and could be developed as an inhaled drug to treat COVID‐19.

The supercritical CO 2 Brayton cycle (SCO 2 -BC) is proposed to be used as the concept of fast cooled reactor (FCR), which is a typical application in the 4th generation reactors. The recuperator and cooler, which acted as important components in SCO 2 -BC, are required for long-term operation especially at the high pressure condition. However, the traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which already has mature fabrication technology, is not appropriate in the developing miniaturized thermal system because of its low compactness. In the present paper, the compact printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) with straight ribs is manufactured by the photochemical etching technology and the diffusion bonding method independently. Then, the thermohydraulic performance of PCHE is tested on the SCO 2 -water experiment platform. Considering the difference of thermal properties of working fluid, the comparison of thermal and hydraulic performance between SCO 2 and water in the tested PCHE is studied at the same mass flow rate, which shows that the SCO 2 has better heat transfer capability than water fluid. Further, the heat transfer rate and pressure loss of PCHE are investigated at different SCO 2 operating pressure, which indicates that the PCHE has better comprehensive performance when it operates at higher pressure condition. Meanwhile, the extreme operating condition due to the pseudo-critical point of CO 2 working in the PCHE is analyzed comparing with the normal operating condition. The results show that the comprehensive performance of PCHE is significantly reduced nearly 17.6% when operates at the transcritical state. The heat transfer correlation of PCHE with straight ribs is fitted by experimental data in both the supercritical and transcritical states in order to simplifying design process.

The print circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is a new kind of compact and high efficiency plate-heat-exchangers which can be used for high pressure and high temperature systems, such as the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. In this study, the geometrical parameters of airfoil fins are investigated by the numerical simulation. The local and overall heat transfer characteristics as well as the dynamic performance are analyzed with different pitches. The result shows that the heat transfer rate decreases because of the strong variation of properties of supercritical CO2, but the pressure loss remains almost constant along the main flow direction. Meanwhile, the effect of transverse pitch and staggered longitudinal pitch are analyzed comprehensively. Furthermore, the correlations of j and f factors are fitted for the studied airfoil printed circuited heat transfer surfaces. It is proved that a large windward area and a short length can lead to a better comprehensive heat transfer performance.

With the development of compact electronic system, the cooling problem with high heat flux in the electronic system has attached much more attention. The high-efficiency cooling devices with micro-channels are investigated and widely used in order to stabilize the surface of the component under the safe temperature. In recent years, a new type of cooler called printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE), which has characteristics of high heat transfer ability and high compactness, is applied to act the heat sink of devices with high heat flux. The plates of the PCHE are fabricated by photochemical etching method, which can easily process the complex flow channels at low cost. Then, the plates can be stacked and brazed with the diffusion bonding technique in the vacuum circumstance. In this paper, the electronic device with the heat flux of 6.05×105 W/m2 is cooling by water at 25°C and 0.2 MPa. The geometric dimension is 143.2 mm×30 mm and the material is copper. Meanwhile, the heat is original generated from the bottom of the device and the PCHE is fixed on the top of the model to transfer heat. The hydrodynamic and heat transfer performances of PCHEs with different structures of fins are analyzed by numerical method. The models of PCHE with continuous straight fins and discontinuous fins, including the circle fins, ellipse fins, airfoil fins and modified airfoil fins, are constructed. It is worth to point out that the straight model and the circle model are compared in the same cross section area and the other three discontinuous models are compared in the same fin perimeters. Furthermore, the symmetry boundary condition is used in the width direction and the edge effect is neglected according to previous research. The SST k - ω turbulence model assembled in the commercial CFX 12.1 software is validated reasonably to solve the problem in our cases. The result shows that the discontinuous circle fins have better heat transfer performance than the continuous straight fins, which because the fluid can break the boundary layer more effectively with the velocity variation in flow direction. However, the pressure drop also increases in the discontinuous model due to the separated blocks. On the other hand, it can be seen that the Nusselt number increases with the increase of Reynolds number and the gradient become slow, which indicated that it is limited to enhance the heat transfer by increasing the mass flow rate. However, the pressure drop increase exponentially at high Reynolds number. The average Nusselt number of the PCHE with circle fins, ellipse fins, airfoil fins increases 70.2%, 45.5% and 29.1% and the pressure drop also increases 340%, 114% and 40.9%, respectively, comparing with the continuous straight fins. Furthermore, it is found that the PCHE cooler with modified airfoil fins has better comprehensive heat transfer performance, which is based on the heat transfer rate and pressure loss per unit length, especially under the high mass flow rate condition. Comparing with the continuous straight fins, it can be seen that the average Nusselt number increases by 20.2%, and the pump power only increase by 5.6%. It can be concluded that the reduction of pressure loss is the major point for the optimization of the PCHE with discontinuous fins.

An integration system for 1000 MW S-CO2 connected-top-bottom power cycle with overlap utilization and coal-fired boiler is developed. The adaptive modification module is introduced to eliminate the non-convergence for S-CO2 superheater thermal calculation in the system iteration. Thermal-hydraulic performance in terms of thermal performance, cycle efficiency, heater configurations, heater areas and final parameter evenness are discussed. Firstly, the strong constraint effects of inlet and outlet parameters on superheater thermal calculation convergence are demonstrated and the adaptive modification module is established. Secondly, based on the detailed thermal-hydraulic analysis, different layouts are compared to identify the flow path way and the heat absorption of S-CO2 flow in different heating processes. The midpoint between the two peaks of heat flux is recommended as the start point for the cold fluid placement in cooling wall arrangement. Finally, a new layout is proposed to obtain the highest overall thermal-hydraulic performance, with a net power efficiency up to 47.57% and a total heater area of 316426.18 m2. The design sequences for S-CO2 coal-fired boiler heaters are recommended as well.

Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) have attracted wide attention in the nuclear energy field owing to their high compactness, strong pressure endurance, and high heat transfer capacity. In situations where corrosion resistance or light weight is required, PCHEs made of titanium exhibit obvious advantages. However, the corrosion resistance of titanium is so high that it is hard to machining titanium using common chemical etching method. Also, etching methods to fabricate fluid channels on titanium plates for microchannel plate heat exchangers such as PCHEs have not been reported in the open literature, therefore the research of producing fluid channels on titanium plates using etching method for PCHEs is demanded. In this work, an electrochemical etching experimental system was established, and the electrolytic machining process using NaCl-containing ethylene glycol as an electrolyte for preparing PCHE fluid channels on titanium plates was studied. To improve the corrosion rate, ultrasonic transducers were added to the experimental system. The influences of the etching temperature and ultrasonic exposure were examined with respect to the etching rate and surface topography. The results showed that ultrasonic transducers with a rated power of 120 W and a frequency of 50 kHz can enhance the corrosion rate by a factor of 4–5 and that the growth trend of the etching rate can be improved with increasing etching temperature. An etching temperature of 45 °C leads to the best comprehensive performance under ultrasonic exposure in terms of etching rate, roughness, and etching factor. Two improved methods including secondary polishing method and pulsed electrode method are proposed to maintain the quality of the surface profile when the etching rate is enhanced.

The Supercritical carbon dioxide (S–CO2) Brayton cycle is considered as a promising alternative to traditional steam Rankine cycle due to its high efficiency and compactness. However, in coal-fired power system, the S–CO2 temperature at cooling wall entrance is newly recognized quite high, leading to an over-temperature crisis. A coupled model of combustion and S–CO2 heat transfer was established to predict cooling wall temperature of a 1000 MW S–CO2 Brayton coal-fired boiler. Based on the module arrangement in S–CO2 boiler, the “cold S–CO2-hot fire matching and cascaded temperature control” principle in 1D model was proposed to reduce the cooling wall temperature. Three methods were examined including the low-temperature fluid matching high heat flux burner region, the counterflow, and more cold fluid in circulation drained to match high heat flux zone. The results show that the optimal arrangement can significantly reduce the temperature in overheated region 12–44 °C and eliminate the local hot spot. In addition, the 3D model was developed to obtain the maximum wall temperature and the uneven temperature in the circumferential direction. The employment of spiral cooling wall could alleviate circumferential unevenness and reduce wall temperature. The present work can provide important guidance to design of S–CO2 Brayton coal-fired power system.

The systematic clarification of the photocatalytic process is an indispensable basis for the in-depth understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism. Various types of active oxygen species involved into the photocatalytic process have been investigated extensively, including OH and O 2 − , but still remain obscure and controversial. Herein, the roles of the active oxygen species generated in the liquid-phase photocatalytic degradation of RhB using BiVO 4 /TiO 2 heterostructure under visible light irradiation are discussed in detail. The results revealed that the liquid-phase photocatalytic degradation behavior was greatly affected by the amount of BiVO 4 . When the loading BiVO 4 was less than 9 wt%, the de-ethylation of RhB on BiVO 4 /TiO 2 was observed. While, the direct oxidative degradation of RhB took place in the BiVO 4 /TiO 2 /RhB system loaded with more BiVO 4 (>9 wt%). Particularly, 9% BiVO 4 /TiO 2 enhanced the photosensitized degradation of RhB, and the degradation efficiency was 80% which was 1.14 times than that of pure TiO 2 . Combined with different surface analysis techniques (EPR, photoluminescence technique, etc.), it was found that O 2 − and OH were the key active species when the loading BiVO 4 was less than 9 wt%, while in the 50% BiVO 4 /TiO 2 /RhB system, O 2 − and holes played much more roles. Our findings provide certain theoretical guidance in understanding the functional mechanism of heterostructured photocatalysts, which can pave the way to further improve the concentration of the active species and design novel efficient photocatalysts.

As an advanced welding method, the diffusion welding is widely applied in aerospace, instrumentation industry, engine manufacturing, etc. Not only the diffusion welding can realize the connection of different metals, but also it solves the difficult welding problem between metals and ceramics. Aiming to research the diffusion process during welding, this study investigates the diffusion behavior and mechanisms of Cu and Al under different pressures and surface roughnesses in the aspect of atomic level by using the molecular dynamics (MD) method. From the results, we can find that the pressure influences obviously the second thickness growth stage, which is one of the three stages in the whole diffusion process. The grooves generated by the surface roughness, is filled mainly by the deformation of Al, which fits the initial surface profile. The diffusion is promoted as the contacting area increases. Whether the surface is smooth or rough, the pressure has little impact on the final thickness. This study succeeds in explaining the diffusion mechanism, which is significant for the experiments of diffusion welding in practice.

A study to compare the uptake, translocation, and distribution of selenium (Se) in soybean planted in natural seleniferous soil in Fengcheng city of China was conducted to clarify the relationship between the Se content levels of soybean proteins and their radical scavenging activity. The data showed that the total Se content in different parts of soybean plants varied with the growth periods. The selenoprotein (Se-SPI) content increased remarkably with the increase of Se content in seleniferous soils. The Se-SPI content obtained from the region with the highest Se level was almost 18 times higher than that of the control group, while antioxidant activities were about 4-fold compared to the control, suggesting that Se played a positive role in enhancing the antioxidant activity of Se-SPI. The increase in the Se level also led to changes in amino acids composition, but with nearly no effects on the subunit composition of soybean Se-SPI.