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Suicide is a major public health problem among adolescents, and negative life events (NLE) have been considered a significant risk factor for suicide attempts. However, the mediating and moderating processes underlying the relationship between NLE and suicide attempts have remained obscure. We examined both the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of peer support underlying this relationship. The results showed that depression fully mediated the positive relationship between NLE and adolescent suicide attempts. A moderated mediation analysis further revealed that the indirect path from NLE to suicide attempts was moderated by peer support. These findings suggest that the development of depression plays a key role in explaining why adolescents who have experienced NLE are at a greater risk of suicide attempts than those who have not. A healthy peer support system could serve as a buffer to reduce the adverse outcomes resulting from NLE. Overall, the results may contribute to developing an integrative framework of theory and effective interventions.

Aging is a critical risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine efficacy. The immune responses to inactivated vaccine for older adults, and the underlying mechanisms of potential differences to young adults, are still unclear. Here we show that neutralizing antibody production by older adults took a longer time to reach similar levels in young adults after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We screened SARS-CoV-2 variant strains for epitopes that stimulate specific CD8 T cell response, and older adults exhibited weaker CD8 T-cell-mediated responses to these epitopes. Comparison of lymphocyte transcriptomes from pre-vaccinated and post-vaccinated donors suggested that the older adults had impaired antigen processing and presentation capability. Single-cell sequencing revealed that older adults had less T cell clone expansion specific to SARS-CoV-2, likely due to inadequate immune receptor repertoire size and diversity. Our study provides mechanistic insights for weaker response to inactivated vaccine by older adults and suggests the need for further vaccination optimization for the old population.

Aiming at the poor performance and low efficiency of moist fertilizers, a cam-linkage self-cleaning fertilizer apparatus is designed. The cam-linkage mechanism matched with the self-cleaning device is applied to scrape off the residuals, and the structural parameters of flute cam in the wheel are obtained by using the polar equations. The physical characteristics of Stanley compound fertilizer, Kingenta compound fertilizer and Kingenta dual-effect nitro-fertilizer are analyzed to build the discharging model and obtain the key parameters, such as the wheel diameter, the groove number. The trajectory of fertilizer is introduced for the scraper plate. To evaluate the performance, a full factorial experiment including fertilizer types, moisture content and rotating speed is conducted, taking the discharging and coefficient of variation as the evaluation indicators. The results show that in the rotation of 10-50 r/min, the cam-linkage self-cleaning fertilizer apparatus could discharge compound fertilizers with a moisture content less than 8%, and the coefficient of variation is 0.12% -8.21%. In addition, the relationship between the rotating speed and the discharging has the linear relationship, and the determination coefficient R² are more than 0.974. This study helps promoting the deep fertilization technology and equipment in southern rice regio

The performance of hole-type metering device influenced the adaption of different rice varieties in the mechanical direct hill-drop seeding technology, and the stepless adjustable sowing amount hole-type metering wheel was designed to solve this problem. The mechanical characteristics of different seeds were analyzed to acquire the parameters including hole diameter, depth, number, diameter of metering wheel and jogger slider mechanism, and the performance of metering wheel was tested on JPS-12 experimental bench by using Yongyou 12, Huanghuazhan and Wanxiang youhuazhan varieties. The hole depth and rotating speeds of metering wheel were the independence variance, the average seed numbers per hole, the coefficient of variance and the cavity rate were taken as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the metering wheel could sow 3.58~7.82 seeds per hole with less than 40% of the coefficient of variance in average seeds number per hole and less than 5% of the cavity rate, and the regression model of average seed numbers per hole was built by employing the length of seeds, the rotating speed of metering wheel and the hole depth. The correlation coefficient was 0.952, the prediction error of regression mode was 0.32~11.35% by the field experiment. This study could be used for designing the hole-type metering device for rice.

Various vanadates have been investigated to accelerate the development of advanced technologies, especially in the area of electronics. Amorphous FeVO4 was synthesized by the liquid phase precipitation method. This precursor was firstly discharged and then charged as cathode material of lithium second battery, in which the valence of two kinds of metals can be changed. Thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used for their characterization. The result revealed the existence of two pairs of redox couples, Fe3+/Fe2+ and V5+/V4+. The electrochemical investigation has shown that at higher potentials amorphous FeVO4 can react with 1, 1.5 and 2 mol Li, respectively.

Leisure activities, particularly physically and cognitively stimulating leisure activities, mitigate cognitive decline. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between mahjong playing, leisure physical activity, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older adults with and without MCI were recruited (n = 489, healthy group; and n = 187, MCI group). The regression results showed that years of mahjong playing (odds ratio = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [0.376, 0.961], p = .032) and physical activity (odds ratio = 0.572, 95% confidence interval [0.381, 0.849], p = .012) were associated with reduced odds of having MCI after adjusting for a series of covariates. Leisure physical activity and mahjong playing interacted with each other and produced combined effects on the odds of having MCI. Combined cognitive and physical interventions may produce larger benefits on cognition than either intervention alone.

HighlightsA paddy field segmentation network model, SA-DeepLabv3+, for hilly areas in southern China is proposed.SA-DeepLabv3+ uses attention mechanism and adaptive spatial feature fusion algorithm.The deep model was trained end-to-end using a few annotated image datasets.SA-DeepLabv3+ has good segmentation results for the four common types of paddy fields.Abstract. The hilly areas of southern China have complex feature distributions, and the boundaries of cultivated land are irregular. This kind of environment causes several image segmentation problems such as low accuracy of UAV low-altitude remote sensing arable land image interpretation. This paper proposes a SA-DeepLabv3+ paddy field segmentation model that combines attention mechanism and adaptive spatial feature fusion algorithm based on DeepLabv3+ semantic segmentation model. The sampling areas include Yangwan Village, Duchang County, Jiangxi Province, China, Keli Village, Xinjian County, Nanchang City and Chengxin Farm, Nanchang City. A high-resolution image dataset was found by capturing low-altitude remote sensing images of paddy fields with DJI UAVs, and the dataset images are categorised into four types of paddy fields. By analysing the image features of the dataset, the feature map is remapped by incorporating scSE attention mechanism module in the backbone network of the DeepLabv3+ encoder to enhance the paddy field feature representation. The ASFF algorithm is applied in the decoder, which obtains an adaptive weight coefficient to improve the problem of inadequate fusion of multi-scale features in the upsampling. By comparing the segmentation results of models with different ASPP dilation rates, the optimal set of dilation rates is determined to improve the model's ability to extract fine features of paddy fields. Finally, the performance of this model for paddy fields segmentation is verified by comparison experiments of different models. The data show that the mean values of PA, MIoU, Recall, and F1 score of the SA-DeepLabv3+ paddy field segmentation model are 0.955, 0.875, 0.865, and 0.908, respectively, which are improved by 0.019, 0.032, 0.008, and 0.005, and also has a higher segmentation performance compared with the typical segmentation models of UNet, SegNet, and PSPNet. The results show that the SA-DeepLabv3+ paddy field segmentation model with high accuracy and robustness, which provides an important basis for further acquiring high-precision paddy field boundary positioning information and constructing high-precision maps of several paddy fields in larger areas, and plays a positive role in promoting efficient and accurate information management of paddy fields. Keywords: Attention mechanism, ASFF, DeepLabv3+ network, Paddy field.

Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer is a key strategy for improving nitrogen use efficiency. A two-year field experiment was conducted during the early rice growing seasons (March–July) of 2016 and 2017. The experimental treatments comprised two rice cultivars: Wufengyou 615 (WFY 615) and Yuxiangyouzhan (YXYZ), and three N treatments: mechanical deep placement of all fertilizers as basal dose at 10 cm soil depth (one-time deep-placement fertilization, namely OTDP fertilization); manual surface broadcast (the common farmer practice) of 40% N fertilizer at one day before sowing (basal fertilizer) followed by broadcast application of 30% each at tillering and panicle initiation stages; and no fertilizer application at any growth stage as a control. One-time deep-placement fertilization increased grain yield of both rice cultivars by 11.8%–19.6%, total nitrogen accumulation by 10.3%–13.1%, nitrogen grain production efficiency by 29.7%–31.5%, nitrogen harvest index by 27.8%–30.0%, nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 71.3%–77.2%, and nitrogen recovery efficiency by 42.4%–56.7% for both rice cultivars, compared with the multiple-broadcast treatment. One-time deep-placement fertilization reduced CH4-induced global warming potential (GWP) by 20.7%–25.3%, N2O-induced GWP by 7.2%–12.3%, and total GWP by 14.7%–22.9% for both rice cultivars relative to the multiple-broadcast treatment. The activities of glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase were increased at both panicle-initiation and heading stages in both rice cultivars following one-time deep-placement fertilization treatment. Larger leaf area index at heading stage and more favorable root morphological traits expressed as larger total root length, mean root diameter, and total root volume per hill were also observed. One-time deep-placement fertilization could be an effective strategy for increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency and lowering greenhouse-gas emissions under mechanical direct-seeded cropping systems.

ObjectivesThis study sought to identify the epidemiological investigation challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and offer insights into the underlying issues.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study used thematic analysis of semistructured and in-depth individual interviews.SettingThis study was conducted in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Guangdong Province.ParticipantsTwenty-four participants consented to participate in an in-depth interview. Transcribed recordings were managed using NVivo software and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThe qualitative analysis revealed five key themes: high-intensity epidemiological investigation task, emergency management requiring improvement in the early stage, respondent uncertainty, impact on work and social life and inadequate early-stage Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism.ConclusionThis survey focuses on the epidemiology workforce at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic and qualitatively describes their experiences, vocational issues and psychological stressors. We found that the problems of epidemiological investigation posed intense challenges to the epidemiology workforce. These findings highlight the epidemiological investigation challenges associated with this pandemic. We have provided some suggestions that may help improve the efficiency and quality of the epidemiology workforce in China.

Background The epidemiology workforce contributes a lot to the response to COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic. Here this study focuses on the self-evaluation of the epidemiology workforce’s capacity and their impression of the cases they interviewed during the emergency response of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study was a cross-sectional, anonymous survey conducted in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Dongguan and Zhuhai in Guangdong province. Data collection was performed between December 5, 2020 and December 22, 2020 through convenient sampling. A total of 596 epidemiology workforce participated in this study. Results Role in the team, professional title, gender, perceived social support, enough COVID-19 related training as well as experience were significantly associated with personal skills. 72.8% (429/589) and 86.3% (164/190) of participants reported they had interviewed uncooperative Chinese and foreign COVID-19 patients, respectively. Conclusions Epidemiology workforce needs enough training and experience to perform better in the investigation. Uncooperative patients were a big obstruction during the emergency response of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest Chinese experience and strategies focusing on the improvement of the public health emergency management system, including establishing Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, enhancing training and the like.

Because antibiotics are regularly used for chicken, food safety is of utmost importance, and health experts pay attention to the effect antibiotics could have on human health. This study examines how surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to identify two antibiotic residues in chicken, doxycycline hydrochloride (DCH) and tylosin (TYL). A single-factor experiment method was adopted to optimize the SERS detection conditions. Results show that the SERS intensities of the chicken samples containing DCH and TYL had greater effectiveness in the peaks of 672 and 771 cm-1 under gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as the enhancement substrate at 10 min of the optimal adsorption time. The original SERS spectra were pretreated using the method of adaptive iterative penalty least square (air-PLS) and the second derivative, where the feature vectors were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). The first four principal component scoring was selected as the input values of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with an overall classification accuracy of 100% for the test set. The experimental results show that SERS technology can identify DCH and TYL in chicken.

A comprehensive analysis of the prognostic, diagnostic, and biological significance of miR-148a-3p and cathepsin A (CTSA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was performed using bioinformatics algorithms with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. miR-148a-3p and CTSA gene expression in HCC tissues and nontumor specimens was analyzed using TCGA database with R software. CTSA staining analysis was validated using the Human Protein Atlas database. Prognostic, diagnostic, gene set enrichment, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and immune infiltration analyses were implemented using the TCGA database with R software. Based on TCGA data and our cohort populations, CTSA expression was significantly elevated in HCC tissues compared with nontumor specimens. A significant negative correlation between miR-148a-3p and CTSA was observed in the TCGA data and our cohort population. Mechanistically, CTSA was a direct gene target of miR-148a-3p. Both CTSA and miR-148a-3p could serve as prognostic and diagnostic indicators in HCC. miR-148a-3p expression was significantly and negatively correlated with the StromalScore, ImmuneScore, and ESTIMATEScore in patients with liver cancer. miR-148a-3p mimic-mediated apoptosis and the inhibition of HCC cell growth and migration were counteracted by CTSA overexpression. The miR-148a-3p/CTSA axis was implicated in immune cell infiltration and carcinogenesis of HCC. miR-148a-3p and CTSA might be prospective molecular targets to enhance the potency of immunotherapy in HCC.

Ratoon rice production is an effective approach to improve overall rice productivity, while incurring the lowest operation- and/or production-related costs. Stubble management and the growth optimization of ratoon crops are examples of production systems that remain an issue that needs to be addressed properly to maximize the benefits. The present study was conducted considering the objective that stubble righting could substantially reduce the adverse effects of mechanical primary rice harvesting on RR production. Field experiments were conducted during the 2017 and 2018 rice seasons with three stubble righting treatments, i.e., CK, which included the use of stubbles without righting after rolling by the machine; T1, which included the use of stubbles righting by manual method after rolling by a machine; and T2, which included the use of stubbles without rolling by the machine, in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China. The growth- and yield-related attributes of RR were investigated. The grain yield trends were ordered as T2 > T1 > CK. Compared with CK, T1 increased the grain yield by 17.17% and 58.87% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The grain yield improvement in the T1 treatment resulted from the increased total dry weight, panicle number per m2, bud number, and regulation of the allocation bud number of RR compared with CK. Moreover, a significant correlation was noted between the grain yield and the total dry weight and panicle number per m2. Overall, stubble righting after machine rolling (during the harvest of the main crop) lowered the yield loss of RR due to its improved growth enhancement effects. Therefore, stubble righting is a better management approach to improve the growth and productivity of RR in rice production systems in China.

Direct seeding of rice is an efficient and labor-saving planting method. Deep sowing during direct seeding may benefit rice, although it will influence seed germination and seedling establishment. In a pot experiment, thirty rice varieties were grown under two different sowing depths (0 cm and 2.5 cm) under dry-seeded conditions, and the germination rate and seedling establishment parameters were measured. The results showed that the seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate were higher than 90% at the 0 cm sowing depth, while under deep sowing, the seed germination rate, and seedling emergence rate were 77.70% and 50.97%, respectively. Rice varieties with seedling establishment rates > 80% and better growth under deep-sowing conditions were identified. In addition, variety, sowing depth, and their interaction significantly affected seedling establishment parameters. Parameters, such as the seed germination rate, seedling emergence rate, prophyll leaf length, first leaf sheath length, and first leaf length, which are highly related to sowing depth, were analyzed. The seedling rate was significantly positively associated with the seed germination rate, mesocotyl length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and total fresh weight under deep sowing. An approach for screening rice varieties with tolerance to deep sowing is proposed.

We identified SARS-CoV-2 specific antigen epitopes by HLA-A2 binding affinity analysis and characterized their ability to activate T cells. As the pandemic continues, variations in SARS-CoV-2 virus strains have been found in many countries. In this study, we directly assess the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 epitope variants. We first predicted potential HLA-A*02:01-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2. Using the T2 cell model, HLA-A*02:01-restricted T-cell epitopes were screened for their binding affinity and ability to activate T cells. Subsequently, we examined the identified epitope variations and analyzed their impact on immune response. Here, we identified specific HLA-A2-restricted T-cell epitopes in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Seven epitope peptides were confirmed to bind with HLA-A*02:01 and potentially be presented by antigen-presenting cells to induce host immune responses. Tetramers containing these peptides could interact with specific CD8+ T cells from convalescent COVID-19 patients, and one dominant epitope (n-Sp1) was defined. These epitopes could activate and generate epitope-specific T cells in vitro, and those activated T cells showed cytolytic activity toward target cells. Meanwhile, n-Sp1 epitope variant 5L>F significantly decreased the proportion of specific T-cell activation; n-Sp1 epitope 8L>V variant showed significantly reduced binding to HLA-A*02:01 and decreased proportion of n-Sp1-specific CD8+ T cell, which potentially contributes to the immune escape of SARS-CoV-2. Our data indicate that the variation of a dominant epitope will cause the deficiency of HLA-A*02:01 binding and T-cell activation, which subsequently requires the formation of a new CD8+ T-cell immune response in COVID-19 patients.

Here, we evaluated the immune properties of the HLA-A2 restricted CD8

Background Low-income Chinese women aged 60 years and older are more likely to have multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Neither the independent healthcare system nor the social work system based on the communities is equipped to address their complex needs of health and daily care. The objective was to design and evaluate a social worker-led self-management program for older community-dwelling women with NCDs. MethodsA total of 144 and 138 subjects were recruited in the intervention and control groups from 10 communities in Guangzhou, China. The intervention group was designed as follows: each community recruited two social workers to carry out an NCD self-management program. A health care professional assisted social workers to complete six weekly two-hour sessions. The control group had no extra intervention. The evaluation was conducted at baseline and 12-months follow-up. Outcomes included changes in weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, self-management behaviors, and NCD-related knowledge. Results After 12 months, participants had gained 3.6 and 6.6 kg (P=0.025 for between-group difference) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. NCD-related knowledge increased by 15.4% and 11.3% (PP difference=0.031). General linear regression analysis showed that the intervention effects were significant for FPG (P=0.013) and total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.046).ConclusionsA social worker-led NCD self-management program successfully promoted NCD-related knowledge and decreased metabolic risk factors in low-income Cantonese women.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry:Evaluation on effectiveness of Non-communicable Disease Self-management models led by social organization. ChiCTR1800015659. Registered 13 April 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=15005

Pancreatic cancer (PC), highly malignant, is one of the most lethal cancers. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) has recently been regarded as a new molecular marker in human cancers. However, the role of IFITM1 in PC remains unclear. In this study, a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was constructed to assess the effect of IFITM1 on PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cells. The level of IFITM1 was downregulated in cells transfected with shRNA targeting IFITM1 (sh-IFITM1). Silencing of IFITM1 significantly decreased cell viability, downregulated the level of Ki-67, arrested cell at G1/S phase, reduced the number of cells in S phase, and decreased cyclinD1, cyclinE, CDK2, and CDK4 levels. Moreover, Hoechst staining and Western blotting analysis showed that cell apoptosis was induced by IFITM1. IFITM1 knockdown suppressed the MAPK signaling pathway by downregulation of p-ERK, p-P38, and p-JNK levels. These findings suggested that IFITM1 could be considered a potential therapeutic target for PC. IFITM1 silencing inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells, decreased the number of cells, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed the MAPK signaling pathway.

Background: Cognitive impairment represents a risk factor for falls in older adults. However, cognition is a complex construct comprising several functional domains. The relationship between specific cognitive domain and falls in cognitively healthy older adults is unclear. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between falls, attention, and executive function in older adults while considering the three components of attention (alerting, orienting, and executive control) and three components of executive function (updating, inhibition, and shifting). Methods: Cognitively healthy older adults were recruited (n = 60 for fallers and n = 100 for non-fallers). The participants were assessed on the Attention Network Test (alerting, orienting, and executive control), running memory test (updating), Stroop test (inhibition), and digit switching test (shifting). Confounder-adjusted logistic models were used to examine the associations between falls and specific cognitive functions in cognitively healthy older adults. Results: The results showed that falls were associated with alerting, executive control, and updating. These associations were not attenuated when adjusting for a series of covariates such as age, gender, education, balance, general health, and emotional status. Conclusions: The results suggest that among cognitively healthy older adults, falls are related to three specific cognitive functions: alerting, executive control, and updating. Disentangling the mechanism and contribution of cognitive deficits in fall risk may provide insights for the development of prevention and rehabilitation strategies for falls in older adults.

Additional file 2. Activity planning demonstration. A demonstration of the intervention implemented on participants specific to each single day of the week.

Additional file 3. Evaluation of couple intervention. Evalutaion of patients and their spouses during intervention implementation.

Additional file 1. The SPIRIT reporting guidelines. The SPIRIT 2013 checklist our manuscript follows according to the recommendations on it.

The mechanical hill wet-seeded rice machine is benefits to establish uniform seedling, and ditches were established by using this machine. However, little knowledge is known on the effect of the establishment of ditches on growth, lodging and yield, and their relationship with root traits. In this study, two field experiments were conducted during 2012 and 2013 with using two super rice varieties (i.e. hybrid rice ‘Peizataifeng’ and inbred rice ‘Yuxiangyouzhan’) grown under three ditches establishment treatments (i.e. T1: both water ditches and seed ditches were established by the machine, T2: seed ditches were established by the machine, T3: neither water nor seed ditches were established by the machine). The lodging index and lodging resistance traits, the grain yield and above-ground dry weight and the root traits were measured. The results showed that the lodging index was significantly affected by the treatments with ditches. The strongest lodging resistance was detected in mechanical hill wet-seeded rice with ditches treatment in both 2012 and 2013. The lodging resistance was strongly related to the breaking resistance, the root volume and root superficial area at the heading stage and maturity stage and the total root length at the heading stage. No significant difference was investigated in grain yield or dry weight of mechanical hill wet-seeded rice. Yuxiangyouzhan showed higher grain yield, dry weight and better lodging resistance but unfavorable root growth attributes than Peizataifeng. Therefore, the mechanical hill wet-seeded rice with ditches treatment increased rice lodging resistance is related to root traits.

Exercise induces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscle, which promotes the cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) to irisin. To explore the relationship between irisin and its regulators, we analyzed the plasma irisin levels and the muscle levels of FNDC5 and PGC-1α after exercise. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent a treadmill exercise (60% of VO2max) for 30 min or one hour (h), and blood and gastrocnemius samples were collected before exercise (pre-exercise), immediately after exercise, and during 24-h recovery after 1-h exercise. We found that plasma irisin levels were significantly increased during exercise (P < 0.05), while FNDC5 protein levels were not significantly increased. Moreover, PGC-1α mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased during 30-min exercise, but were decreased during 1-h exercise. After 1-h exercise, the irisin levels peaked at 6 h (20.71 ± 0.25 ng/ml) and decreased to pre-exercise levels by 24 h (15.45 ± 0.27 ng/ml). Likewise, PGC-1α mRNA and protein levels were increased at 1 h and maintained at elevated levels for 6 h; thereafter, the expression levels of PGC1-α protein were decreased to pre-exercise levels at 12 h. Thus, the restoration of PGC-1α expression to the pre-exercise levels was followed by the decrease in plasma irisin levels. By contrast, during 24-h recovery, the expression levels of FNDC5 mRNA and protein were maintained at elevated levels. These results suggest that the coordinated expression of FNDC5 and PGC-1α may contribute to the increased levels of plasma irisin after exercise.

Rapid detection of antibiotic residues in duck meat is of great significance for strengthening food safety and quality supervision of duck meat and fighting against inferior products in the duck meat market. The objective of the current paper was to evaluate the potential of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) coupled with chemometric methods for the rapid detection of sulfamethazine (SM2) and ofloxacin (OFL) residues in duck meat.The SFS spectral data from duck meat containing different concentrations of SM2 and OFL were preprocessed by baseline offset. The detection conditions, including the adding amounts of β-mercaptoethanol solution and o-phthalaldehyde solution, as well as the reaction time, were optimized by a single factor experiment for obtaining a better detection effect, and their optimal values were 400 μL , 25 μL , and 40 min, respectively. By comparing 2 chemometric models based on peak-height algorithm and peak-area algorithm, the prediction model based on peak-height algorithm was a better quantitative model with correlation coefficient for the prediction set (Rp) of 0.9031 and 0.9981, the root mean error for the prediction set (RMSEP) of 7.9509 and 0.5267 mg/kg, recovery of 81.7 to 155.1% and 96.4 to 111.2%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.1 to 6.7% and 2.9 to 6.8% to predict SM2 and OFL residues in duck meat, respectively. Overall, the results of this investigation showed that SFS technique was an effective and rapid tool for the detection of SM2 and OFL residues in duck meat.

Antibiotic residues in meat pose serious threats to human beings and animals, and are one of the main food safety concerns all around the world. A novel method based upon surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with gold nanoparticles was developed in this study for rapid detection of amoxicillin residues in duck meat, one widely used in duck farming. Three different particle sizes of gold nanoparticles were synthesized using 0.3, 0.7, and 1.1 mL 1% trisodium citrate, while 0.7 mL was found to be the optimal volume as Raman enhancement substrate for the detection of amoxicillin residues in duck meat. The amounts of gold nanoparticles (0.5 mL), duck meat extract containing amoxicillin (50 μL), and sodium chloride solution (100 μL), as well as adsorption time (5 min) were optimized by single factor experiments. A calibration curve with the determination coefficient of 0.9661 was established for quantitative analysis of unknown amoxicillin samples. The average recoveries of amoxicillin res...