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BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for endometrial cancer (EC) are limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as monotherapy for EC by conducting a meta-analysis. The predictive significance of MMR status, a biomarker for ICI response, also required further investigation. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in English databases until September 2023. The analysis included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), adverse events (AEs), and odds ratios (OR), along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: There were twelve trials totaling 685 individuals. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy resulted in an ORR for 34% (95% CI = 24-44%) of the pooled EC patients. Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly higher ORR in dMMR EC (45%) compared to pMMR EC (8%), with an OR of 6.36 (95% CI = 3.64-11.13). The overall DCR was 42%, with dMMR EC at 51% and pMMR EC at 30% (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.69-4.05). Grade three or higher adverse events (AEs) occurred in 15% of cases (95% CI = 9-24%) of the pooled incidence of AEs, which was 68% (95% CI = 65-72%). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides significant evidence for the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as monotherapy for EC. Notably, dMMR EC patients demonstrated superior treatment efficacy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor immunotherapy. Further research is required to explore subclassifications of EC based on dMMR molecular subtypes, enabling improved treatment strategies and outcomes for EC patients.

Students' informal science learning experiences are believed to strongly influence their attitudes toward science and their abilities in the subject. Factors associated with students' informal science learning experiences include family socioeconomic status and perceived family support. However, little is known about whether perceived family support for children's formal and informal science learning differs significantly. The present study filled this gap by exploring how students' perceived family support for formal/ informal science learning affected the link between their socioeconomic status and their experiences of informal science learning. Survey data were collected from 486 Chinese grade 4-6 primary school students. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the students' socioeconomic status and their informal science learning experiences were significantly and positively correlated. This association was chain-mediated through two categories of perceived family support. Specifically, students' socioeconomic status affected their informal science learning experiences through the separate mediating role of family support for formal science learning and the sequential mediation of perceived family support for formal and informal science learning. These results uncover the role that family support plays in students' science education; accordingly, parents are encouraged to help their children learn science both formally and informally.

ObjectiveTo describe the current state of research and future research hotspots through a metrological analysis of the literature in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research.MethodsThe data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection （WoSCC）， the core database of the Web of Science information service platform （hereinafter referred to as “WoS”）， was used to analyze the trends and topic changes in research on forensic identification of human remains from 1991 to 2022. Network visualisation of publication trends, countries （regions）, institutions, authors and topics related to the identification of remains in forensic anthropology was analysed using python 3.9.2 and Gephi 0.10.ResultsA total of 873 papers written in English in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research were obtained. The journal with the largest number of publications was Forensic Science International （164 articles）. The country （region） with the largest number of published papers was China （90 articles）. Katholieke Univ Leuven （Netherlands， 21 articles） was the institution with the largest number of publications. Topic analysis revealed that the focus of forensic anthropological remains identification research was sex estimation and age estimation, and the most commonly studied remains were teeth.ConclusionThe volume of publications in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research has a distinct phasing. However, the scope of both international and domestic collaborations remains limited. Traditionally, human remains identification has primarily relied on key areas such as the pelvis, skull, and teeth. Looking ahead, future research will likely focus on the more accurate and efficient identification of multiple skeletal remains through the use of machine learning and deep learning techniques.

Abstract In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with cirrhosis and sepsis, establish and validate the nomogram. This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and sepsis in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV). Models were compared by the area under the curve (AUC), integrated discriminant improvement (IDI), net reclassification index (NRI) and decision curve analysis (DCA). A total of 1,696 patients with cirrhosis and sepsis were included in the final cohort. Our final model included the following 9 variables: age, heartrate, total bilirubin (TBIL), glucose, sodium, anion gap (AG), fungal infections, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressin. The nomogram were constructed based on these variables. The AUC values of the nomograms were 0.805 (95% CI 0.776–0.833), which provided significantly higher discrimination compared to that of SOFA score [0.684 (95% CI 0.647–0.720)], MELD-Na [0.672 (95% CI 0.636–0.709)] and ABIC [0.674(95% CI 0.638–0.710)]. We established the first nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis and sepsis based on these factors. This nomogram can performs well and facilitates clinicians to identify people at high risk of in-hospital mortality.

Ovarian cancer is a highly malignant gynecological cancer influenced by the immune microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and cellular senescence. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these characteristics. Metabolic reprogramming affects immune cell function and tumor growth signals. Cellular senescence in immune and tumor cells impacts anti-tumor responses and therapy resistance. Targeting immune cell metabolism and inducing tumor cell senescence offer potential therapeutic strategies. However, challenges remain in identifying specific targets and biomarkers. Understanding the interplay of these characteristics can lead to innovative therapeutic approaches. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms, validate strategies, and improve patient outcomes in ovarian cancer.

[Objective] To explore the nutrient characteristics and fertility status of wetland soil in the lower reaches of Lhasa River. [Methods] A total of 69 soil samples were collected from the four representative regions of Ganqu Wetland, Baga Snow Wetland, Lalu Wetland and Chabalang wetland. The values of pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total salt, electrical conductivity, redox potential, cation exchange capacity and organic matter of the samples were determined. The improved Nemerow composite index method was used to evaluate the wetland soil fertility comprehensively. [Results] (1) The pH range of the soil in the study area was 5.77~7.78, with an average value of 6.62, which was neutral. The correlation between organic matter and total nitrogen was strong, and the distribution characteristics were similar. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen were 61.82 and 3.13 g/kg, respectively, and both were very abundant, belonging to the first level. The contents of total phosphorus and total potassium were 0.75 g/kg and 18.05 g/kg, respectively, which were moderate and belonged to the tertiary level. The total salt content is 0.92 g/kg, and the electrical conductivity is 2.97 mS/m. On the whole, the soil in the study area had strong fertilizer retention ability. (2) The soil comprehensive fertility coefficient (P) of wetland was in the order of Chabalang Wetland (2.01) > Bagaoxue Wetland (1.95) > Lalu Wetland (1.93) > Ganqu Wetland (1.86), all belonging to the fertility level. The index affecting the soil comprehensive fertility of wetland was TP, because the formation conditions of natural wetlands were similar. There was no significant difference in soil comprehensive fertility coefficient. [Conclusion] The present situation of wetland soil nutrients in the lower Lhasa River was clarified, which provides scientific basis for realizing the sustainable utilization of wetland resources in the the study area.