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In order to study the properties of composite preservation paper containing antagonistic fungi and the effect of the composite preservation paper on the physiological quality and preservation quality of Gala apples at room temperature, and at the same time to solve the limitations of the antagonistic fungi in the application of difficult to germinate, subject to the influence of the environment, etc., this study used Pichia membranaefaciens as the antagonistic fungi, added to the mixture of 1.16% gelatin and 2% trehalose solution, and combined with a paper-based material to prepare a composite preservation paper containing antagonistic fungi. The structure was characterized, and the physical properties and thermal stability performance of the composite preservation paper were measured. Effects of composite preservation on the natural disease incidence of Gala apples, spot diameter, weight loss, hardness, browning degree, reducing sugar, titratable acid, vitamin C and soluble solids content were analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the preservation effect of the composite preservation paper on Gala apples. Results showed that the composite preservation liquid containing antagonistic fungi caused the surface of Alternaria spp. spores to crumple and deform, and the morphology was destroyed. The composite preservation liquid containing antagonistic fungi at a concentration of 108 CFU/mL was tightly combined with the paper-based material. The water absorption rate of the composite preservation paper was 768.94%±38.05%, which was at a high level. The thickness of the composite preservation paper was 0.232±0.008 mm, the tensile strength was 13.88±0.59 N/mm2, and the percentage of breaking elongation was 6.33%±0.58%, indicating that it had good physical properties. There was a major mass loss in the range of 320~450 ℃, and the residual rate was 5.31% at 800 ℃, with good thermal stability. In vivo application showed that the composite preservation paper could effectively delay the expansion of spots in inoculated fruits, reduce the weight loss rate and browning degree of fruits and maintain the hardness of fruits, delay the reduction of vitamin C, reducing sugar and soluble solids content of fruits, maintain the good organoleptic and physiological qualities of fruits, and prolong the storage time. The composite preservation paper has good physical properties and thermal stability, and maintains the storage quality of Gala apples after harvesting, which not only provides new ideas for antagonistic yeast inhibition and preservation, but also provides a reference for the development of new biological preservation paper and preservation application.

Abstract Intermittent and periodic outbreaks of infectious diseases have had profound and lasting effects on societies throughout human history. During the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting coronavirus disease (COVID-19), social distance has been imposed worldwide to limit the spread of the virus. An additional deliberate intention of keeping a minimum safety distance from neighbors can fundamentally alter the “social force” between individuals. Here, we introduce a new “social distance” term inspired by gas molecular dynamics and integrate it into an existing agent-based social force model to describe the dynamics of crowds under social-distanced conditions. The advantage of this “social distance” term over the simple increasing of the repulsive range of other alternatives is that the fundamental crowd properties are precisely described by our model parameters. We compare the new model with the Helbing and Molnar’s classical model and experimental data, and show that this new model is superior in reproducing experimental data. We demonstrate the usability of this model with a bottleneck motion base case. The new model shows that the bottleneck effect can be significantly alleviated through small wall modifications. Lastly, we explain the mechanism of this improvement and conclude that this improvement is due to spatial asymmetry.

Grafting is one of the key agronomic measures to enhance the tolerance to environmental stresses in horticultural plants, but the specific molecular regulation mechanism in this tolerance largely remains unclear. Here, we found that cucumber grafted onto figleaf gourd rootstock increased cold tolerance through abscisic acid (ABA) activating WRKY41/WRKY46-miR396b-5p-TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat-like superfamily protein) module. Cucumber seedlings grafted onto figleaf gourd increased cold tolerance and induced the expression of miR396b-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of cucumber miR396b-5p in Arabidopsis improved cold tolerance. 5’ RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5’ RLM-RACE) and transient transformation experiments demonstrated that TPR was the target gene of miR396b-5p, while TPR overexpression plants were hypersensitive to cold stress. The yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that both WRKY41 and WRKY46 bound to MIR396b-5p promoter to induce its expression. Furthermore, cold stress enhanced the content of ABA in the roots and leaves of figleaf gourd grafted cucumber seedlings. Exogenous application of ABA induced the expression of WRKY41 and WRKY46, and cold tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings. However, figleaf gourd rootstock-induced cold tolerance was compromised when plants were pretreated with ABA biosynthesis inhibitor. Thus, ABA mediated figleaf gourd grafting-induced cold tolerance of cucumber seedlings through activating the WRKY41/WRKY46-miR396b-5p-TPR module.

We propose the first correct special-purpose quantum circuits for preparation of Bell diagonal states (BDS), and implement them on the IBM Quantum computer, characterizing and testing complex aspects of their quantum correlations in the full parameter space. Among the circuits proposed, one involves only two quantum bits but requires adapted quantum tomography routines handling classical bits in parallel. The entire class of Bell diagonal states is generated, and several characteristic indicators, namely entanglement of formation and concurrence, CHSH non-locality, steering and discord, are experimentally evaluated over the full parameter space and compared with theory. As a by-product of this work, we also find a remarkable general inequality between “quantum discord” and “asymmetric relative entropy of discord”: the former never exceeds the latter. We also prove that for all BDS the two coincide.

Knowledge graph completion can make knowledge graph more complete. However, traditional knowledge graph completion methods assume that all test entities and relations appear in the training process. Due to the evolving nature of real world KG, once unseen entities or relations appear, the knowledge graph needs to be retrained. Inductive learning for knowledge graph completion aims to complete triples containing unseen entities or unseen relations without training the knowledge graph from scratch, so it has received much attention in recent years. Firstly, starting from the basic concept of knowledge graph, this paper divides knowledge graph completion into two categories: transductive and inductive. Secondly, from the theoretical perspective of inductive knowledge graph completion, it is divided into two categories: semi-inductive and fully-inductive, and the models are summarized from this perspective. Then, from the technical perspective of inductive knowledge graph completion, it is divided into two categories: based on structural information and based on additional information. The methods based on structural information are subdivided into three categories: based on inductive embedding, based on logical rules and based on meta learning, and the methods based on additional information are subdivided into two categories: based on text information and other information. The current methods are further subdivided, analyzed and compared. Finally, it forecasts the main research directions in the future.