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Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a grave medical condition that can precipitate sudden death. The pathogenesis of SSS remains incompletely understood. Existing research postulates that the fundamental mechanism involves increased fibrosis of the sinoatrial node and its surrounding tissues, as well as disturbances in the coupled-clock system, comprising the membrane clock and the Ca2+ clock. Mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbates regional tissue fibrosis and disrupts the functioning of both the membrane and calcium clocks. This plays a crucial role in the underlying pathophysiology of SSS, including mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial oxidative stress damage, calcium overload, and mitochondrial quality control disorders. Elucidating the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of SSS and further investigating the disease's mechanisms is of great significance.

SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family members are essential components of the plant abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway initiated by osmotic stress and triggering a drought stress response. This study characterized the molecular properties of TaSnRK2.4 and its function in mediating adaptation to drought in Triticum aestivum. Transcripts of TaSnRK2.4 were upregulated upon drought and ABA signaling and associated with drought- and ABA-responsive cis-elements ABRE and DRE, and MYB and MYC binding sites in the promoter as indicated by reporter GUS protein staining and activity driven by truncations of the promoter. Yeast two-hybrid, BiFC, and Co-IP assays indicated that TaSnRK2.4 protein interacts with TaPP2C01 and an ABF transcription factor (TF) TaABF2. The results suggested that TaSnRK2.4 forms a functional TaPP2C01-TaSnRK2.4-TaABF2 module with its upstream and downstream partners. Transgene analysis revealed that TaSnRK2.4 and TaABF2 positively regulate drought tolerance whereas TaPP2C01 acts negatively by modulating stomatal movement, osmotic adjustment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and root morphology. Expression analysis, yeast one-hybrid, and transcriptional activation assays indicated that several osmotic stress-responsive genes, including TaSLAC1-4, TaP5CS3, TaSOD5, TaCAT1, and TaPIN4, are regulated by TaABF2. Transgene analysis verified their functions in positively regulating stomatal movement (TaSLAC1-4), proline accumulation (TaP5CS3), SOD activity (TaSOD5), CAT activity (TaCAT1), and root morphology (TaPIN4). There were high correlations between plant biomass and yield with module transcripts in a wheat variety panel cultivated under drought conditions in the field. Our findings provide insights into understanding plant drought response underlying the SnRK2 signaling pathway in common wheat.

Minimum spanning tree (MST)-based clustering algorithms are widely used to detect clusters with diverse densities and irregular shapes. However, most algorithms require the entire dataset to construct an MST, which leads to significant computational overhead. To alleviate this issue, our proposed algorithm R-MST utilizes representative points instead of all sample points for constructing MST. Additionally, based on the density and nearest neighbor distance, we improved the representative point selection strategy to enhance the uniform distribution of representative points in sparse areas, enabling the algorithm to perform well on datasets with varying densities. Furthermore, traditional methods for eliminating inconsistent edges generally require prior knowledge about the number of clusters, which is not always readily available in practical applications. Therefore, we propose an adaptive method that employs mutual neighbors to identify inconsistent edges and determine the optimal number of clusters automatically. The experimental results indicate that the R-MST algorithm not only improves the efficiency of clustering but also enhances its accuracy.

BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) caused by severe coronary artery disease has high incidence and mortality rates, making its prevention and treatment a central and challenging aspect of clinical work for cardiovascular practitioners. Recently, researchers have turned their attention to a novel mechanism of cell death caused by Cu2+, cuproptosis.MethodsThis study integrated data from three MI-related bulk datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and identified 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cuproptosis by taking intersection of the 6378 DEGs obtained by differential analysis with 49 cuproptosis-related genes. Four hub genes, Dbt, Dlat, Ube2d1 and Ube2d3, were screened out through random forest analysis and Lasso analysis. In the disease group, Dbt, Dlat, and Ube2d1 showed low expression, while Ube2d3 exhibited high expression.ResultsFocusing on Ube2d3 for subsequent functional studies, we confirmed its high expression in the MI group through qRT-PCR and Western Blot detection after successful construction of a MI mouse model by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation, and further clarified the correlation of cuproptosis with MI development by detecting the levels of cuproptosis-related proteins. Moreover, through in vitro experiments, Ube2d3 was confirmed to be highly expressed in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated cardiomyocytes AC16. In order to further clarify the role of Ube2d3, we knocked down Ube2d3 expression in OGD-treated AC16 cells, and confirmed Ube2d3’s promoting role in the hypoxia damage of AC16 cells by inducing cuproptosis, as evidenced by the detection of MTT, TUNEL, LDH release and cuproptosis-related proteins.ConclusionIn summary, our findings indicate that Ube2d3 regulates cuproptosis to affect the progression of MI.

The density peak clustering algorithm (DPC) requires manual determination of cluster centers, and poor performance on complex datasets with varying densities or non-convexity. Hence, a novel density peak clustering algorithm is proposed for the automatic selection of clustering centers based on K-nearest neighbors (AKDPC). First, the AKDPC classifies samples according to their mutual K-nearest neighbor values into core and non-core points. Second, the AKDPC uses the average distance of K nearest neighbors of a sample as its density. The smaller the average distance is, the higher the density. Subsequently, it selects the highest density sample among all unclassified core points as a center of the new cluster, and the core points that satisfy the merging condition are added to the cluster until no core points satisfy the condition. Afterwards, the above steps are repeated to complete the clustering of all core points. Lastly, the AKDPC labels the unclassified non-core points similar to the nearest points that have been classified. In addition, to prove the validity of AKDPC, experiments on manual and real datasets are conducted. By comparing the AKDPC with classical clustering algorithms and excellent DPC-variants, this paper demonstrates that AKDPC presents higher accuracy.

In the global apiculture industry, reward feeding and supplementary feeding are essential for maintaining bee colonies. Beekeepers provide artificial supplements to their colonies, typically in the form of either a honey–water solution or sugar syrup. Owing to cost considerations associated with beekeeping, most beekeepers opt for sugar syrup. However, the effects of different types of artificial sugar supplements on bee colonies and their subsequent impact on honey composition remain unclear. To address this gap, this study compared the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional potency of three types of honey: honey derived from colonies fed sugar syrup (sugar-based product, SP) or a honey–water solution (honey-sourced honey, HH) and naturally sourced honey (flower-sourced honey, FH), which served as the control. The results revealed that FH outperformed HH and SP in terms of total acidity, sugar content, total protein content, and antioxidant capacity, and HH outperformed SP. Regarding nutritional efficacy, including the lifespan and learning and memory capabilities of worker bees, FH exhibited the best outcomes, with no significant differences observed between HH and SP. This study underscores the importance of sugar source selection in influencing honey quality and emphasizes the potential consequences of substituting honey with sugar syrup in traditional apiculture practices.

In practical engineering, concrete materials are mainly damaged by tension, especially for high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLC) whose tensile performance is not as satisfactory as ordinary concrete under the same compressive strength. Adding fibers is one of the most effective methods to improve the tensile properties of concrete. In this study, the tensile behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced HSLC was investigated through direct tensile test. The tensile stress-strain curve was obtained and the tensile toughness was calculated. Furthermore, the cracking process was measured and captured synchronously by digital image correlation (DIC) measurement. The results indicated that hybrid fibers enhanced the tensile properties of HSLC at both micro and macro levels. Polypropylene fibers increased the tensile toughness of HSLC by inhibiting the propagation of micro-cracks. Steel fibers improved the peak stress, peak strain, and tensile toughness of HSLC by extending the propagation path of macro-cracks and restraining the increase of the width of macro-cracks. According to the test results, an equation for the axial tensile stress-strain curve of the hybrid fiber reinforced HSLC related to fiber characteristic parameters was formulated, which can be used as a reference for engineering design.

Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used in crop protection worldwide. Such widespread application can pose risks to pollinator insects, particularly to honeybees (Apis mellifera); therefore, the evaluation of the harmful effects of acetamiprid is necessary. Recent studies report behavior and gene expression dysfunction in honeybees, related to acetamiprid contamination. However, most studies do not consider potential metabolism disorders. To examine the effects of sublethal acetamiprid doses on the hemolymph metabolism of honeybees, worker bee larvae(2 days old) were fed with sucrose water containing different concentrations of acetamiprid (0, 5, and 25 mg/L) until capped (6 days old). The hemolymph (200 μL) of freshly capped larvae was collected for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Overall, increasing acetamiprid exposure induced greater metabolic variations in worker bee larvae(treated groups compared to untreated). In the positive ion mode, 36 common differential metabolites in the acetamiprid-treated groups were screened from the identified differential metabolites. Of these, 19 metabolites were upregulated, and 17 were downregulated. 10 common differential metabolites were screened in the negative ion mode. 3 metabolites were upregulated, and 7 metabolites were downregulated. These common metabolites included traumatic acid, indole etc. These commonly differentiated metabolites were classified as compounds with biological roles, lipids, and phytochemical compounds, and others. The metabolic pathways of common differentiated metabolites with significant differences (P

Maternal effects are an evolutionary strategy used to improve offspring quality. In an example of maternal effects in honey bees (Apis mellifera), mother queens produce larger eggs in queen cells than in worker cells in order to breed better daughter queens. In our current study, morphological indexes, reproductive tissues, and the egg-laying ability of newly reared queens reared with eggs laid in queen cells (QE), eggs laid in worker cells (WE), and 2-day-old larvae in worker cells (2L) were evaluated. In addition, morphological indexes of offspring queens and working performance of offspring workers were examined. The thorax weight, number of ovarioles, egg length, and number of laid eggs and capped broods of QE were significantly higher than those of WE and 2L, indicating that the reproductive capacity of QE group was better than that of other groups. Furthermore, offspring queens from QE had larger thorax weights and sizes than those from the other two groups. Offspring worker bees from QE also had larger body sizes and greater pollen-collecting and royal jelly-producing abilities than those of other two groups. These results demonstrate that honey bees display profound maternal effects on queen quality that can be transmitted across generations. These findings provide a basis for improving queen quality, with implications in apicultural and agricultural production.

Abstract 2D metal–organic frameworks are attractive filler in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) due to the high aspect ratio and contact opportunity at the filler–polymer interface. However, their alignment in polymer matrix remains a challenge to fully play their functions. Herein, to our best knowledge, for the first time, the facile synthesis of KAUST‐7‐NH2 (KAUST, King University of Science and Technology) nanoplate is reported with 1D channels with an aspect ratio greater than 30. The nanoplates are incorporated and aligned in the 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride‐2,4‐diaminomesitylene (6FDA‐DAM) polymer matrix under the shear force with a filler loading up to 50 wt%. The large difference in adsorption abilities between CO2 and CH4 from the (001)‐oriented KAUST‐7‐NH2 nanoplate‐based MMMs and the favorable interaction at the filler–polymer interface contribute to the excellent CO2/CH4 separation performance. The resultant membranes show CO2/CH4 selectivity with 66.2% enhancement (surpassed 2008 Robeson upper bound), antiplasticization up to 17 bar, and long‐term stability up to 240 h indicating its good potential for natural gas treatment.

The present study investigated the possibility of life satisfaction and loneliness mediating the link between school victimization and Internet addiction. A total of 3,363 middle/high school students (45% males; Mage = 15.67 years old, SD = 1.58) completed a series of self-report questionnaires, which included school victimization, life satisfaction, loneliness, and Internet addiction. The findings demonstrated a positive relationship between school victimization and Internet addiction. In addition, life satisfaction and loneliness mediated the link between school victimization and Internet addiction. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the association between school victimization and Internet addiction. They also extended the GST, providing suggestions for preventing and managing adolescents’ Internet addiction.

BackgroundCoal dust is a major risk factor for the occupational health of coal miners, and underground workers with coal mine dust lung disease (Coal miners with coal mine dust lung disease (CMDLD) may have a higher risk of developing Nodular thyroid disease (NTD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coal mine dust lung disease and the development of Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners.MethodsThis was a clinical retrospective observational study that included 955 male coal miners from 31 different coal mining companies in Huainan, Anhui Province, China, who were examined in April 2021 at the Huainan Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital to collect all their clinical physical examination data, including general conditions, laboratory test indices and imaging indices. Based on the presence or absence of Nodular thyroid disease, 429 cases with Nodular thyroid disease were classified as the diseased group and 526 cases without Nodular thyroid disease were classified as the control group. Logistic regression was used to analyse the correlation between the occurrence of Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners, and further single- and multi-factor logistic regression was used to screen the risk exposure factors for Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners.ResultsAge, coal mine dust lung disease (CMDLD), red blood cells (RBC), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), albumin (ALB), albumin/globulin (A/G), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), globulin (GLOB), total bilirubin (TBil) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were associated with the development of Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners (p < 0.05) The results of univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that CMDLD (OR:4.5,95%CI:2.79–7.51) had the highest OR and CMDLD was the strongest independent risk exposure factor for the development of Nodular thyroid disease in coal miners.ConclusionsThere is a strong correlation between coal mine dust lung disease and Nodular thyroid disease in underground coal miners, and clinicians need to be highly aware of the high risk of NTD in coal miners with CMDLD and adopt individualized clinical prevention strategies.

Virus-free seed potatoes are generally divided into pre-elite seeds and certified seeds. To study the differences in dry matter accumulation and distribution between pre-elite seeds and certified seeds through a field randomized block two-factor experiment, pre-elite seeds and certified seeds of four varieties were selected to explore the differences in growth characteristics between the two levels of virus-free potatoes and to find a way to improve potato seed expansion efficiency. The results showed that the growth process of pre-elite seeds was slower and the growth period was longer than certified seeds. The dry matter accumulation of pre-elite seeds in various organs was lower than in certified seeds, and the distribution ratio in the roots and stems of each variety was also lower than the certified seed, while there was no significant difference in the leaf and tuber distribution ratio. The average dry matter accumulation rate in both pre-elite and certified seeds was sorted by size of tubers > leaves > stems > roots; however, it was significantly lower in pre-elite seeds than in certified seeds. Tuber fresh weight, tuber volume, tuber number, and the theoretical yield of certified seeds were higher than those of pre-elite seeds. Experiments have shown that appropriately prolonging the harvest time of virus-free potatoes, especially pre-elite seeds, and increasing the proportion of dry matter allocated to roots and stems by pre-elite seeds in the early growth stages can effectively increase yield.

Sea cucumber fishing is an important application of underwater robots. In order to realize the function of sea cucumber fishing, an underwater robot system for sea cucumber fishing is designed, which can reduce operation requirements and costs while realizing sea cucumber fishing. The overall system plan includes the design of subsystems such as power supply system, fishing system, transmission system, propulsion system, balance and positioning system, and anti-collision airbag. According to the actual needs of sea cucumber fishing, the mechanical structure and size of each subsystem are designed, and SolidWorks is used to complete the three-dimensional modeling of the overall system. The sliding mode control and adaptive sliding mode control algorithms are used to compare the positioning control effects of the underwater vehicle to verify the effectiveness of the system design.

Agriophyllum squarrosum (sand rice), a widespread desert plant, possesses anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for many years. However, its effects on ruminants are unknown. To fill this gap, we examined the effects of A. squarrosum on the immune and anti-inflammatory responses of lambs. A total of 23, 6-month-old Tan ewe-lambs (27.6 ± 0.47 kg) were divided into four groups and offered a basic diet (C—control), or a diet that contained 10%, 20%, or 30% A. squarrosum, on a dry matter basis, for 128 days. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol were lower (p = 0.004) in the 30% supplemented lambs than controls, while concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower (p = 0.006) in the 10% and 20%, but not in 30% supplemented lambs than controls. Serum-cortisol concentrations were lower (p = 0.012) in the 30% supplemented lambs and free fatty acid concentrations were higher in the 10% and 20% supplemented lambs than in control lambs (p < 0.001). Supplementation with A. squarrosum decreased (p < 0.05) the area of adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue, but there was no difference between the 20% and 30% diets. Conversely, the area in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) increased (p < 0.05), especially for the 10% and 20% supplemented diets. Supplementation with A. squarrosum also enriched immune and anti-inflammatory related and lipid and glucose-metabolic pathways and associated differentially expressed gene expressions in adipose tissue. A total of 10 differential triacylglycerol, 34 differential phosphatidylcholines and seven differential phosphatidylethanolamines decreased in the diet with 30% supplementation, when compared to the other diets. Finally, adipocyte-differentiation genes, and immune and inflammatory response-related gene expression levels decreased in lamb adipocytes cultured with an aqueous A. squarrosum extract. In conclusion, supplementing lamb diets with A. squarrosum reduced blood lipids, enhanced immunity and anti-inflammatory capacities, and mediated lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and adipocytes of Tan lambs. A level of approximately 10% is recommended, but further research is required to determine the precise optimal level.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), the oxidative product of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) catalyzed by ten-eleven translocation enzymes, plays an important role in many biological processes as an epigenetic mediator. Prior studies have shown that 5hmC can be selectively labeled with chemically modified glucose moieties and enriched using click chemistry with biotin affinity approaches. Besides, DNA deaminases of the AID/APOBEC family can discriminate modified 5hmC bases from cytosine (C) or 5mC. Herein, we developed a method based on embryonic stem cell (ESC) whole-genome analysis, which could enrich 5hmC-containing DNA by selective chemical labeling and locate 5hmC sites at single-base resolution with enzyme-based deamination. The combination experimental design is an extension of previous methods, and we hope that this cost-effective single-base resolution 5hmC sequencing method could be used to promote the mechanism and diagnosis research of 5hmC.

The control quality of servo system requires not only stability, speed, and accuracy, but also strong anti-jamming ability. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a multivariable and strongly coupled time-varying nonlinear system. It will be subject to different degrees of external interference. According to the advantages and limitations of fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), the fractional-order calculus concept is integrated into ADRC. In this paper, a control strategy of position servo system based on fractional-order extended state observer (FOESO) is proposed. The FOESO and fractional-order control law are designed to form a fractional-order active disturbance rejection control (FOADRC). The FOADRC controller is applied to the position loop control of the servo system. Through the experiment and performance analysis, it is proved that the FOESO can well observe the internal and external disturbances of the system, and the FOADRC has a good control effect in the position servo system.

A sliding mode robust control law based on Hamilton-Jacobi Inequality (HJI) theory and a disturbance observer is proposed for a wire-driven parallel robot (WDPR) used in a wind- tunnel test. First, the wire-driven parallel robot is described, and its kinematics model established. Second, according to the uncertainty, external disturbance, and redundant drive of the system, the dynamic model of the end-effector and drive system, and the overall dynamic model of the system are established. Hamilton-Jacobi Inequality theory and the designed disturbance observer are applied to the designed sliding mode robust control law, and the anti-interference ability of the WDPR is verified. The stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed by Lyapunov's second method, and the results show that the closed-loop system tends to be asymptotically stable. Finally, taking the dynamic trajectory simulation of compound motion and six-degree-of-freedom motion as examples, the designed sliding mode robust control law is verified by simulation, and the contrastive simulation analysis shows that the disturbance observer can effectively reduce the switching gain, thus effectively reducing chattering and improving the control accuracy of the system. The simulation results show that the designed sliding mode robust control law can effectively suppress the influence of external disturbance on the control error. The control input and the length of the wire change in a certain range. They also prove that the pose error is small, and the control accuracy is high. All of the foundings lay a theoretical foundation and technical support for the practical application of the prototype in a wind-tunnel test.

The detrimental effects of parental differential treatment have been shown in previous research, but fewer researchers have pointed out that differential treatment does not always lead to negative outcomes. Thus, the present study examines the role of temperament similarity on the association between parenting similarity and positive family relationship qualities over 1 year in 145 adolescent sibling dyads (Mfirst−born = 14.97 and SD = 1.68 years; Msecond−born = 12.20 and SD = 1.92 years). Latent moderator structure models (LMS) showed that a higher level of parenting similarity was related to more positive family relationships when siblings were more similar in their temperaments; however, a lower level of parenting similarity was related to more positive relationship qualities with family members 1 year later in the context of less sibling temperament similarity.

Honey bees, rather than rear queens with eggs and larvae from worker cells, prefer to rear new queens with eggs form queen cells, if available. This may be a result of long-term evolutionary process for honey bee colonies. However, the exact mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear. In this study, queens were reared with eggs from queen cells (F1-QE), eggs from worker cells (F1-WE), and two-day-old larvae from worker cells (F1-2L). Physiological indexes and the expression of the development-related genes ((Hexamerin (Hex110, Hex70b), Transferrin (Trf), and Vitellogenin (Vg)) of reared F1 generation queens were measured and compared. Furthermore, F2 generation queens were reared with one-day-old larvae from F1 queens, and the weight and ovariole count of reared F2 generation daughter queens were examined. Meanwhile, the expression of the development- and reproduction-related genes (Hex110, Hex70b, Trf, Vg, and Juvenile Hormone (Jh)) and immune detoxication-related genes (Hymenoptaecin, Abeacin, and CytP450) of reared F2 queens were further explored. We found that the F1-QE queens had the highest physiological indexes and higher Hex110 and Trf expression levels, while no significant difference was found in the expression of Hex70b and Vg among the three groups of F1 queens. In addition, the reared queens of F2-QE had the highest quality, with the highest development, reproduction, immune-detoxication genes’ expression levels. Our results revealed that the quality of reared offspring queens from high-quality mother queens was also high. These findings inform methods for rearing high-quality queens and highlight that a high-quality queen is essential for offspring colony growth and survival.

The present study aimed to explore the joint effect of paternal and maternal parenting behaviors on adolescent’s school engagement, and the mediating role of mastery goal. A total of 2,775 Chinese adolescent participants (55.3% females, mean age = 15.70, SD = 1.57) from two-parent families were recruited in 2014, who rated their perceptions of emotional warmth, behavioral guidance, harsh discipline of their father and mother, as well as their own mastery goal and school engagement. Results showed that paternal and maternal parenting behaviors had interaction effects on school engagement with different interaction patterns. Specifically, the interactions of both parents’ emotional warmth and both parents’ behavioral guidance displayed strengthening patterns, where one parent’s high emotional warmth or behavioral guidance enhanced the positive relationship between the corresponding parenting behavior of the other parent and adolescents’ school engagement. By contrast, the interaction of both parents’ harsh discipline displayed an interfering pattern, where one parent’s high level of harsh discipline reduced the negative relationship between harsh discipline of the other parent and school engagement. Further, all three interaction effects between father and mother on school engagement were mediated by mastery goal. These findings underline the importance of viewing family from a systematic perspective and the benefits of supportive parenting behavior of both parents.

Plant zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) comprise a large protein family and they mainly involve in abiotic stress tolerance. Although Arabidopsis RING/FYVE/PHD ZFP (At5g62460; AtRZFP) is found to bind to zinc, whether it is involved in abiotic stress tolerance is unknown. In the present study, we characterized the roles of AtRZFP in response to abiotic stresses. The expression of AtRZFP was induced significantly by salt and osmotic stress. AtRZFP positively mediates tolerance to salt and osmotic stress. Additionally, compared with wild-type Arabidopsis plants, plants overexpressing AtRZFP showed reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation, enhanced superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, increased soluble sugars and proline contents, reduced K+ loss, decreased Na+ accumulation, stomatal aperture and the water loss rate. Conversely, AtRZFP knockout plants displayed the opposite physiological changes when exposed to salt or osmotic stress conditions. These data suggested that AtRZFP enhances salt and osmotic tolerance through a series of physiological processes, including enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging, maintaining Na+ and K+ homeostasis, controlling the stomatal aperture to reduce the water loss rate, and accumulating soluble sugars and proline to adjust the osmotic potential.