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The sustainable catalytic transformation of carbon dioxide into fine chemicals with high efficiency is a global challenge as although CO2 is an abundant, nontoxic, and sustainable carbon feedstock but also a critical factor for the Greenhouse Effect.

β-Trifluorosulfinylesters, a family of novel reagents from commercially available starting materials for direct trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethylsulfinylation were developed.

Unsymmetrical sulfides are widely found in the pharmaceutical industry, organic synthesis, and materials science.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and spontaneous inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, and has been associated with an improved level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross coupling between organic iodides and thiosulfonates and a selenosulfonate under mild conditions is disclosed.

We introduce a new reagent class, 2-azatrienes, as a platform for catalytic enantioselective synthesis of allylic amines. Herein, we demonstrate their promise by a diastereodivergent synthesis of syn- and anti-1,2-diamines through their Cu-bis(phosphine)-catalyzed reductive couplings with imines. With Ph-BPE as the supporting ligand, anti-diamines are obtained (up to 91% yield, >20:1 dr, and >99:1 er), and with the rarely utilized t-Bu-BDPP, syn-diamines are generated (up to 76% yield, 1:>20 dr, and 97:3 er).

Ferroptosis has been considered as a promising pathway to overcome apoptosis-induced tumor chemoresistance. However, the antitumor efficacy of ferroptosis-inducing agents is still limited because of the complexity and diversity of tumor microenvironments. Herein, we demonstrate a triple ferroptosis amplification strategy for tumor therapy by associating iron-based nanocarriers, ferroptosis molecular drugs, and H

The precise and effective construction of challenging C-N bond continues to be one part of the most significant goals in organic chemistry because of the universal applications of amines containing C-N bonds in pharmaceuticals, materials as well as agrochemicals. However, E2 elimination through classic SN2 substitution of alkyl halides with nitrogen nucleophiles often occurs and alkenes are generated as the major side-products especially when secondary or tertiary substrates are employed. Thus, formation of a challenging C(sp3)-N bond especially on tertiary carbon center remains highly desirable. Herein, we present a practically alternative approach to prepare primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl amines with high efficiency between alkyl iodides and electrophilic diazonium salts which are easily accessible and widely utilized in synthetic chemistry. This robust transformation only employs Cs2CO3 as the base promoting the halogen-atom transfer (XAT) process under transition-metal-free reaction conditions, thus providing a rapid and green method to assemble diverse C(sp3)-N bonds. And also, the reaction can be achieved by continuous-flow technology in large scare with Et3N was employed as organic base. Moreover, diazonium salts are found to serve as two important roles (alkyl radical initiator and amination reagent) in this process which was rarely explored in the previous radical reactions. Initial mechanism studies suggest this reaction undergoes through a halogen-atom transfer (XAT) between alkyl iodides and diazonium salts, resulting in the generation of the active alkyl radical which can couple well with diazonium cations to furnish the final products.

With the rapid development of urbanization, the overall consumption level of rural residents has been improved accordingly in China, and the consumption structure has gradually become perfect. However, in the process of urbanization, it is necessary to handle some practical problems in order to realize the sustainable development of consumption in rural areas. Under the concept of sustainable consumption, urbanization has become a new engine that drives rural residents’ consumption in China. The digital economy has injected new vitality to expand domestic demand as well. Therefore, whether consumption upgrading in rural areas is affected by urbanization and the digital economy is a topic worth studying. To discuss the relationship between urbanization, the digital economy and consumption levels in rural areas, this paper uses an intermediary effect model to test how urbanization promotes the consumption upgrading in rural regions with the digital economy as the intermediary variable and explores the threshold characteristics of urbanization. The results are as follows: urbanization significantly promotes the rural residents’ consumption upgrading, and there is regional heterogeneity. It improves the consumption optimization in the eastern and central regions, but not in the western region. The digital economy intermediates the relationship between urbanization and consumption optimization. Moreover, urbanization has a double threshold, and with the increase of the threshold value, the marginal effect of urbanization on rural residents’ consumption upgrading also increases gradually. China should seize the opportunities of the development of urbanization and the digital economy, constantly raise farmer income, and narrow the income gap between urban and rural area, so as to promote the sustainable development of consumption in rural areas.

An efficient methodology to access various fluoroalkyl sulfoxides bearing

Gastric cancer (GC) is a digestive system malignancy. Trastuzumab (a HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody) is an important targeted drug for GC. However, the drug resistance limits its clinical efficacy. B7-H3 was suggested to be a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of B7-H3 and HER2 co-expression and the therapeutic value of combination treatment in GC.We examined the expression of B7-H3 and HER2 in 268 GC patients by immunohistochemistry. Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation between categorical variables. Overall survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. All in vitro experiments using HER2-positive GC cells were treated with small interfering RNA targeting B7-H3/HER2 or B7-H3 blocking antibody 3E8/trastuzumab to verify the antitumor efficacy of the combination therapy. GC xenograft mouse models were established to evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor effect of combined therapy.There was a significant correlation between B7-H3 and HER2 expression in GC tissues. High co-expression of B7-H3 and HER2 was associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.007) and could be an independent risk factor for survival. In addition, knockdown or targeted therapies of B7-H3/HER2 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion in vitro. Trastuzumab combined with 3E8 was significantly effective at reducing mice tumor growth than monotherapy.High co-expression of B7-H3 and HER2 indicates a poor prognosis, and combination therapy targeting B7-H3 and HER2 could be an immunotherapeutic strategy for GC.

The central nervous system (CNS) controls the acquisition and processing of peripheral information to manage the behaviors of organisms. CNS disorders, including CNS injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain tumors, are devastating and can cause life-long disabilities. Despite the advanced medical interventions in the modern era of biomedical technology, noninvasive therapeutic strategies are still limited for the prevention or reversal of disease progression. Such scarcity is mainly caused by intricate pathological mechanisms and the unique biological microenvironment of the CNS. Thus, the development of a carrier that promotes the delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain is vital. Hydrogels, as a synthetic or natural platform with a porous three-dimensional structure, can be applied as desirable drug delivery vehicles and cell transportation platforms. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in hydrogel-based therapies for the treatment of CNS disorders, including brain injury, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain tumors.

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy against programmed death protein-1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) has been accepted as a promising approach to activate the immune system's anti-tumor response. Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) or antibodies can block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, the effect of this blockade is temporary and reversible. Here, we developed a nano-delivery system to achieve permanent disruption of the PD-L1 gene based on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) gene editing technology. In this system, the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid was delivered into melanoma B16F10 cells using a nucleobase-modified polyamidoamine (PAMAM) derivative namely AP-PAMAM, which was constructed through the modification with 2-amino-6-chloropurine. Meanwhile, the carrier could efficiently facilitate the endosomal escape of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid and thereby inhibit PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Moreover, the intravenous injection of AP-PAMAM/plasmid nanoparticles could recruit and activate CD8

In this paper, an output feedback H∞ controller is proposed for active suspension of an electric vehicle driven by in-wheel motors with actuator faults and time delay. The dynamic damping in-wheel motor driven system, in which the in-wheel motor is designed as a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA), is developed to improve ride quality and isolate the force transmitted to motor bearings. Furthermore, parameters of vehicle suspension and DVA are optimized based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) to achieve better suspension performance. As some of the states such as the DVA velocity and unsprung mass velocity are difficult to measure, a robust H∞ output feedback controller is developed to deal with the problem of active suspension control with actuator faults and time delay. The proposed controller could guarantee the system's asymptotic stability and H∞ performance, simultaneously satisfying the performance constraints such as road holding, suspension stroke, and actuator limitation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed output feedback controllers is demonstrated based on the quarter vehicle suspension model under bump and random road excitations.

An efficient Co-catalyzed hydro-difluoromethylthiolation/hydro-trifluoromethylthiolation reaction of unactivated alkenes was described. Both reactions were conducted at room temperature and a variety of common functional groups such as halogen, ester, aldehyde, enolizable ketone or ester, nitro or cyano group, sulfonate and carbamate were compatible with the reaction conditions. Radical cyclization and radical inhibitor experiments suggested that the reaction proceeds through a free radical process.

The coupling effect between road excitation and an in-wheel switched reluctance motor (SRM) on vehicle ride comfort is numerically analysed. A hybrid control system consisting of fault tolerant H∞ suspension controller and SRM controller for an in-wheel SRM driven electric vehicle is proposed to improve the vehicle ride comfort and motor operation performance. By conducting numerical simulations based on the developed quarter-car active suspension model and switched reluctance motor model, it is observed that the road roughness is highly coupled with SRM airgap eccentricity and unbalanced residual vertical force. The SRM airgap eccentricity is influenced by the road excitation and becomes time-varying such that a residual unbalanced radial force is induced; which is one of the major causes of SRM vibration. To suppress SRM vibration and to prolong the SRM lifespan, while at the same time improving vehicle ride comfort, a fault tolerant controller based on output feedback H∞ control method is designed to reduce the sprung mass acceleration. Moreover, an SRM controller is adapted by using the combined Current Chopping Control (CCC) and Pulse Width Modulation control (PWM) to further improve the SRM performance. A comparison of passive suspension and suspensions with hybrid control method on the vehicle and SRM dynamic response under stochastic road excitation and bump road excitation is illustrated. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid control method can effectively reduce the SRM airgap eccentricity, residual unbalanced radial force and achieve better vehicle ride comfort.

In order to effectively avoid existed in the development of scientific research project, technical risk, market risk, financial risk, legal risk, organizing risk, and a series of wind, ensure the smooth progress of the research and development of scientific research project reduce project failure rate, improve the project achievement conversion rate, artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in the existing environment, artificial intelligence, neural network technology is introduced into the software development has become a possibility. In this paper, the idea of introducing BP neural network technology into the development process of sharing platform for scientific research projects is proposed. That the platform can be a lot of characteristic parameters of all kinds of scientific research project, utilizing the nonlinear mapping ability of BP neural network, adaptive ability and generalization ability of discrete data generation model, the implementation of a new project from multidimensional generate reliable outlook, to strengthen the scientific research project sharing platform project in the future the reliability of the prediction. It has been proved that the prediction of the prospect of scientific research projects based on BP neural network technology is more accurate and efficient than the prediction by the relevant personnel of scientific research projects, and the practical value of the sharing platform of scientific research projects is also improved.

There is growing acceptance of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as potential sources of clinical agents based on the demonstrated efficacies of numerous bioactive compounds first identified in TCM extracts, such as paclitaxel, camptothecin, and artemisinin. However, there are several challenges to achieving the full clinical potential of many TCMs, particularly the generally high hydrophobicity and low bioavailability. Recently, however, numerous studies have attempted to circumvent the limited in vivo activity and systemic toxicity of TCM ingredients by incorporation into nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Many of these formulations demonstrate improved bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and greater in vivo stability compared to the native compound. This review summarizes nanoformulations of the most promising and extensively studied TCM compounds to provide a reference for further research. Combining these natural compounds with nanotechnology-based delivery systems may further improve the clinical utility of these agents, in turn leading to more intensive research on traditional medicinal compounds.

We describe a strategy for the enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of homoallylic α-trifluoromethyl amines by the catalytic hydroalkylation of terminal dienes. Trifluoromethylsubstituted isatin-derived azadienolate nucleophiles undergo γ-selective alkylation with a Pd–DTBM-SEGPHOS catalyst, which additionally promotes regioselective addition to the diene and delivers products in up to 86% yield, 10:1 dr, and 97.5:2.5 er.

In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of customer clustering, an improved Canopy algorithm is proposed. The initial cluster centers are generated based on the principle of maximum and minimum by using Canopy algorithm. Then the overlapping data is classified by shared nearest neighbor algorithm. For different sizes of order data sets, the comparison between the proposed algorithm and the SNN algorithm in terms of the actual effect is conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively solves the problem of processing overlapping data of traditional Canopy algorithm and the redundant distance calculation in iterative is avoided. The improved algorithm has better performance than the traditional algorithm. The algorithm effectively improves analysis time and has great application value in the analysis of bank data and forecasting customer behavior. The clustering results can provide support for the bank's sales behavior.

With the continuous development of computer, many advanced technologies are mostly based on computer vision, face recognition technology plays an important role. The camera captures the image or video stream containing the human face, and detects and tracks the face in the image. This series of related technologies are also called face detection and recognition. The method of face recognition is more natural, more intuitive, and has the characteristics of indirect and concurrency. It has been widely used in many fields. Now, computer vision is an active research field. In this paper, we study the methods of face detection and recognition in the field of computer vision. The user interface is designed with PyQt, and the function of face model training, reading the image to be recognized, extracting the image to be recognized and the recognition of human face are realized. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high recognition efficiency, and a complete algorithm system based on face tracking detection and face recognition is realized, which can lay a good foundation for future research on the aspect of vision.

This paper presents a new approach for vibration mitigation based on a dynamic vibration absorbing structure (DVAS) for electric vehicles (EVs) that use in-wheel switched reluctance motors (SRMs). The proposed approach aims to alleviate the negative effects of vibration caused by the unbalanced electromagnetic force (UMEF) that arises from road excitations. The analytical model of SRMs is first formulated using Fourier series, and then a model of the coupled longitudinal-vertical dynamics is developed taking into consideration the external excitations consisting of the aerodynamic drag force and road unevenness. In addition, numerical simulations for a conventional SRM-suspension system and two novel DVASs are carried out for varying road levels specified by ISO standards and vehicle velocities. The results of the comparison reveal that a 35% improvement in ride comfort, 30% improvement of road handling, and 68% improvement in air gap between rotor and stator can be achieved by adopting the novel DVAS compared to the conventional SRM-suspension system. Finally, multi-body simulation (MBS) is performed using LMS Motion to validate the feasibility of the proposed DVAS. Analysis of the results shows that the proposed method can augment the effective application of SRMs in EVs.

Subcellular localization of organelles can achieve accurate drug delivery and maximize drug efficacy. As the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in protein synthesis, folding, and posttranslational modification; lipid biosynthesis; and calcium homeostasis. Observing the changes in various metal ions, active substances, and the microenvironment in the ER is crucial for diagnosing and treating many diseases, including cancer. Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can have a killing effect on malignant cells and can mediate cell apoptosis, proper modulation of ERS can provide new perspectives for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer. Therefore, the ER is used as a new anticancer target in cancer treatment. This review discusses ER-targeting fluorescent probes and ERS-mediated nanoanticancer strategies.

A fault-tolerant fuzzy H∞ control design approach for active suspension of in-wheel motor driven electric vehicles in the presence of sprung mass variation, actuator faults and control input constraints is proposed. The controller is designed based on the quarter-car active suspension model with a dynamic-damping-in-wheel-motor-driven-system, in which the suspended motor is operated as a dynamic absorber. The Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used to model this suspension with possible sprung mass variation. The parallel-distributed compensation (PDC) scheme is deployed to derive a fault-tolerant fuzzy controller for the T-S fuzzy suspension model. In order to reduce the motor wear caused by the dynamic force transmitted to the in-wheel motor, the dynamic force is taken as an additional controlled output besides the traditional optimization objectives such as sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and actuator saturation. The H∞ performance of the proposed controller is derived as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) comprising three equality constraints which are solved efficiently by means of MATLAB LMI Toolbox. The proposed controller is applied to an electric vehicle suspension and its effectiveness is demonstrated through computer simulation.