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Table S1: Lithology, occurrences and locations of samples selected for zircon U-Pb, molybdenite Re-Os, whole-rock major-trace element analysis, zircon Hf, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope analysis. Table S2: Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of the granitoids. Table S3: Re-Os data of molybdenite from the Ulgen porphyry Mo deposit. Table S4: Whole-rock major and trace element compositions of the monzogranitic porphyry, muscovite monzonitic granite, and biotite granitic porphyry. Table S5: Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the granitoids in the Ulgen deposit. Table S6: Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic composition of the granitoids. Table S7: Trace element (ppm) data of zircon grains from the granitoids.

Electrospun fiber membranes have great potential in the field of air filtration because of their high porosity and small pore size. Conventional air filtration membranes are hydrophilic, leading to weak moisture-barrier properties, which hinders their application in high-humidity environments. In this study, eugenol was added to polyvinyl alcohol and ethyl cellulose (EC) for electrospinning and electrospraying, respectively, of superhydrophobic bilayer composite fiber membranes to efficiently filter particulate matter (PM) in air. Owing to its surface microstructure, electrosprayed EC increased the water contact angle of the PVA membrane from 142.8 to 151.1°. More importantly, the composite air-filter membrane showed a low filtration pressure drop (168.1 Pa) and exhibited high filtration efficiencies of 99.74 and 99.77% for PM

Sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with lewis acid-mediated glycerol, results showed that 98.47% glucan recovery, 95.31% xylan removal and 49.69% delignification were achieved by pretreatment using 80 wt% aqueous glycerol combined with 1.0 wt% AlCl3 at 150 °C for 1 h. Reutilization experiments of acidified glycerol showed that its pretreatment efficiency was relatively well maintained during four consecutive cycles. Enzymatic in situ saccharification of pretreated bagasse led to about 50% glucose yield at 16 wt% glycerol concentration. After pretreatment, the lignin distributed in pretreatment hydrolysate and pretreated solid residue (referred to as organosolv lignin (OL) and cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL), respectively) demonstrated contrasting effect on enzymatic hydrolysis with OL slightly increasing while CEL decreasing cellulose conversion, which could be explained by their differences in hydrophobicity and surface charge. Further analysis of the structure and molecular weights of two lignin samples indicated their great potential for valorization into value-added products.

PURPOSE It remains controversial whether busulfan-based versus total body irradiation (TBI)–based regimens have comparable outcomes in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (BuCy) and TBI plus cyclophosphamide (TBI-Cy) conditioning in allo-HSCT for adult standard-risk B-cell-ALL in first complete remission (CR1). PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed an open-label, randomized phase III trial at 13 hospitals in China. Eligible patients (age 14-65 years) had standard-risk ALL in CR1. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to BuCy (0.8 mg/kg four times per day on days –7 to –4 and cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg once daily on days –3 to –2) or TBI-Cy (4.5 Gy TBI on days –5 to –4 and cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg once daily on days –3 to –2). The primary end point was 2-year overall survival. Analysis was per protocol. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02670252 ) and is complete. RESULTS Between January 2016 and February 2020, 275 patients were assigned to receive BuCy (273 assessed) and 275 to TBI-Cy (272 assessed). The 2-year overall survival was 76.6% (95% CI, 71.7 to 81.8) and 79.4% (74.7 to 84.4; P = .457; difference 2.9%; 95% CI, –4.1 to 9.8; P = .022), indicating noninferiority of BuCy. The 2-year relapse was 20.2% (95% CI, 15.6 to 25.1) and 18.4% (14.0 to 23.2; P = .616), and the nonrelapse mortality was 11.0% (95% CI, 7.6 to 15.0) and 11.0% (7.7 to 15.1; P = .988) in the BuCy and TBI-Cy groups, respectively. There were no differences in regimen-related toxicity, graft-versus-host disease, or late effects between the two groups. CONCLUSION The BuCy regimen has noninferior efficiency and safety as TBI-Cy (4.5 Gy × 2) for patients with adult standard-risk B cell-ALL in CR1 undergoing HLA-matched allo-HSCT.

Relapse is a major cause of treatment failure in Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a new pre-emptive tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) strategy on relapse in Ph+ALL patients with complete remission undergoing allo-HCT. Pre-emptive TKIs initiation was based on BCR/ABL molecular monitoring. TKIs choice was based on BCR/ABL mutations. Donor lymphocyte infusion was recommended in those with poor response to TKIs. Prophylactic TKIs from historical data were as control. The primary endpoint was relapse. One hundred and sixty-seven Ph+ALL patients were enrolled in this study, including 103 in the pre-emptive group and 64 in the prophylactic group. The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 11% and 31% in the pre-emptive and prophylactic groups (P = 0.001), respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 87% and 66% (P = 0.001), and leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 83% and 61% (P = 0.000), respectively, in the pre-emptive and prophylactic groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the pre-emptive strategy was the protective factor for relapse, OS, and LFS (P = 0.005, P = 0.005, and P = 0.003, respectively). Our data suggest that this new pre-emptive TKIs strategy based on BCR/ABL molecular monitoring might reduce relapse and improve survival for Ph+ALL patients undergoing allo-HCT. ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier (NCT01883219).

The promotion of cellulose-based paper straws is one of the important ways to improve white pollution nowadays. However, developing composite straws that are simultaneously highly biocompatible, safe, and non-toxic and that overcome the low water stability and physical strength problems caused by the inherent hydrophilicity of the raw material cellulose has become an important challenge in the development process. In this study, a new all-natural superhydrophobic straw (CFS) made of a composite of cellulose nanofibers and stearic acid was introduced. Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid derived from plant and animal oils. Inspired by the specific hydrophobicity of sugarcane cane peel, a green straw with both superhydrophobicity (water contact angle up to 153°) and remarkable mechanical strength (tensile strength up to 67.15 MPa) was developed by controlling the hydrophobic modification conditions of stearic acid through solvent vaporization. Furthermore, the composite straws under wet conditions had lower water absorption and exhibited excellent wet tensile strength compared to commercial paper straws. In addition, the composite straw without the addition of chemical binders avoids the defects of non-renewable products, fits into the global green development concept, and brings new strategies for the development of cellulose-based materials.

Patients with refractory central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) have a dismal prognosis and lack effective therapy. Case reports have shown that sorafenib is effective against brain metastases, including leukemia.To explore the efficacy of sorafenib combined with conventional therapies for refractory CNSL, a phase 2 study was conducted. The primary end point was the complete remission rate (CRR) within 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary end points included the overall response rate (ORR), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs).Twenty-six patients with refractory CNSL were enrolled; they included 17 with isolated CNSL, 7 with hematological relapse, and 2 with another extramedullary relapse. After 8 weeks of treatment, 21 patients achieved complete remission, 2 achieved partial remission, and 3 achieved no remission for a CRR of 80.8% (95% CI, 62.1%-91.5%) and an ORR of 88.5% (95% CI, 71.0%-96.0%). Twenty patients survived, and 6 died. The 2-year EFS and OS rates were 75.0% (95% CI, 54.5%-88.3%) and 76.9% (95% CI, 54.2%-90.4%), respectively. Six patients experienced grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs, including moderate chronic graft-vs-host disease (n = 3), grade 3 or 4 acute graft-vs-host disease (n = 2), and grade 3 skin rash (n = 1). No treatment-related deaths occurred during the therapy of refractory CNSL.Sorafenib combined with conventional therapies is effective and safe for refractory CNSL.Sorafenib combined with conventional therapies is effective and safe for refractory central nervous system leukemia.

This article presents a versatile soft crawling robot capable of rapid and effective locomotion. The robot mainly consists of two vacuum-actuated spring actuators and two electrostatic actuators. By programming the actuation sequences of different actuators, the robot is able to achieve two basic modes of locomotion: linear motion and turning. Subsequently, we have developed analytical models to interpret the static actuation performance of the robot body, including linear and bending motions. Moreover, an empirical dynamic model is also developed to optimize the locomotion speed in terms of frequency and duty cycle of the actuation signal. Furthermore, with the help of the strong electroadhesion force and fast response of the deformable body, the soft robot achieves a turning speed of 15.09°/s, which is one of the fastest among existing soft crawling robots to the best of our knowledge. In addition to the rapid and effective locomotion, the soft crawling robot can also achieve multiple impressive functions, including obstacle navigation in confined spaces, climbing a vertical wall with a speed of 6.67 mm/s (0.049 body length/s), carrying a payload of 69 times its self-weight on a horizontal surface, crossing over a 2 cm (0.15 body length) gap, and kicking a ball.

The optimal therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) who relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains unclear. In this study we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of sorafenib combined with other therapeutic strategies as salvage therapy for these patients. Eighty-three AML patients with FLT3-ITD relapsing after allo-HSCT were enrolled in this study. Fifty-three patients received salvage therapy containing sorafenib and 30 patients did not. Salvage therapy containing sorafenib was superior to that without sorafenib with respect to complete remission rates, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) (66.0% versus 30.0%, 46.8% versus 20.0%, and 44.9% versus 16.7%, respectively; P = .002, P = .003, and P = .001). Further subgroup analysis revealed that the OS and PFS of patients who received sorafenib combined with chemotherapy followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) were superior to those receiving other therapeutic regimens, including sorafenib combined with chemotherapy, chemotherapy followed by DLI, and monochemotherapy (P = .003, P.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that salvage therapy including sorafenib was the only protective factor for longer OS (P = .035; hazard ratio [HR], .526); salvage therapy including sorafenib and DLI were the protective factors for longer PFS (P = .011, HR, .423; P = .019, HR, .508). Our data suggest that sorafenib therapy is associated with improved outcomes for FLT3-ITD AML relapsing after allo-HSCT, and whether sorafenib combined with chemotherapy followed by DLI reveals an optimal efficacy merits further study.

In digital nerve repair surgery, handling the digital nerves using traditional forceps requires surgeons to be extremely cautious in order to minimize unintended iatrogenic nerve trauma. These injuries are mainly caused by excessively forceful manipulation with metallic rigid forceps. Soft pneumatic actuators have been increasingly adopted to broaden the biomedical applications of conventional rigid structures due to their inherent excellent compliance and compressibility. Existing soft grippers, however, face barriers to their use in digital nerve repair, due to their large prototype size or limited gripping force. In this paper, a new two-arm hybrid soft surgical gripper system is proposed to reduce the risk of excessive stress to nerves and facilitate surgeons’ delicate nerve manipulation in digital nerve repair surgery. It consists of two hybrid soft surgical grippers, two stiffness-tunable positioning arms, and a pedal-based control system. The inflated soft pneumatic gripping actuator is capable of providing compliant gripping and soft interaction with nerve tissues. This can prevent sudden overgripping force stimulation. The ability to position two surgical grippers is provided by two stiffness-tunable arms combining six pneumatic locking actuators. The inflation of the soft pneumatic actuator is investigated using a theoretical model and finite element analysis. Cadaver experiments, rodent experiments, and histopathological studies are conducted to validate that the proposed surgical gripper system is capable of completing required digital nerve manipulations in digital nerve repair surgery and exhibits very low disruption to nerve tissues.

The Yinggehai–Song Hong Basin has received a large amount of terrigenous sediment from different continental blocks since the Paleogene. The Yingdong slope, which is located on the eastern side of this basin, is an important potential gas province, but the provenance of the marine sediments in this area are poorly understood. The detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of sedimentary rocks from the lower Miocene to Quaternary is examined in this study to investigate the temporal and spatial variations in provenance since the early Miocene. The U-Pb ages of detrital zircon range from 3078 to 30 Ma, suggesting that sediment input is derived from multiple sources. Detailed analyses of these components indicate that both the Red River and Hainan are likely the major sources of the sediments on the Yingdong slope, with additional minor contributions from central Vietnam (eastern Indochina block) and possibly the Songpan–Garze block. Variations in the dominant detrital zircon populations within stratigraphic successions display an increasing contribution from the Red River since the middle Miocene. This resulted from the progradation of the Red River Delta in the northern basin and may have also been influenced by regional surface uplift and associated climate changes in East Asia. This study shows that the Red River has had a relatively stable provenance since at least the early Miocene, indicating that any large-scale drainage capture of the Red River should have occurred before circa 23 Ma.

The presence of phenolic substances in sugarcane juice seriously affects the color value of sugar products. Magnetic chitosan (MCS) was prepared using an ionic cross-linking technique, and then was modified with arginine to prepare arginine-modified magnetic chitosan (AMCS) for use as a new sucrose clarifying adsorbent. Gallic acid (GA) is a representative phenolic substance and was used to test the adsorption properties of the prepared AMCS. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption of GA on AMCS conformed to the pseudo-second-order model, the main adsorption mechanism was chemisorption. The Langmuir equation fit well and with good linearity, and indicated a maximum adsorption capacity of 48.38 mg g−1. The adsorption process was consistent with monolayer adsorption and spontaneous endothermic process. The prepared AMCS exhibited excellent regenerability, and can effectively remove GA in sugarcane juice to improve product safety.

In this study, diatomite was refined by a simple purification method consisting of calcination combined with acid washing. Optimal purification conditions were the focus, including the influence of conditions on diatomite morphology, structure, and specific surface area. The results showed that the optimal conditions were a 550 °C carbonization temperature and 25 wt% HCl. This purified diatomite was then employed to adsorb gallic acid (GA) from molasses wastewater in a series of adsorption experiments, which illustrated that (ḭ) GA adsorption fitted a pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich equation better with GA adsorption by purified diatomite; (ḭḭ) the adsorption process was physical, nonspontaneous, and endothermic; (ḭḭḭ) the maximum GA adsorption capacity by purified diatomite was 19.852 mg g−1. This study reported the examination of a promising material for sugar mill wastewater pretreatment.

Limited to inadequate stem-cell doses, cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is accompanied by increased graft failure and delayed haematopoietic recovery. The conditioning regimen is critically important for engraftment, and numerous trials have been undertaken comparing the outcomes of IV Bu and TBI, but there are no comparative data for UCBT. We conducted a retrospective multicentre study to analyse the outcomes of IV Bu and TBI in UCBT patients with haematologic malignancies. Between 1 May, 2008 and 31 Mar, 31 2018, a total of 331 patients from the China Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Corporation (IV Bu, n = 131; TBI, n = 200) were evaluated. The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment was 91.6% in the IV Bu/Cy cohort and 98.0% in the Cy/TBI cohort (P

This paper defines a synthetic slip plane as the linear combination of a pair of twinned and untwinned e-planes in a single calcite crystal. This auxiliary slip plane can be used together with the twinned e-plane either to further constrain the extents of the compression and tension axes in graphic dynamic analysis or to better estimate the reduced stress in numerical dynamic analysis. In this paper we proposed the novel method that solves for the reduced stress by maximizing the sum of the shear stress along the slip line on each twinned e-plane or synthetic slip plane under the constraint of the 1-valued second stress invariant. This new method yields an analytical solution of stress. It is applied to a series of artificial examples without any measurement error generated under the prescribed stresses. The estimated stresses are generally accurate and robust, which illustrates the feasibility of this new method.

The phenolic substances in sugarcane juice seriously affect the color value of sugar products, and gallic acid is one of the main phenolic substances. To develop a new adsorbent able to effectively adsorb phenolic substances from sugarcane juice, magnetic chitosan (CS) hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres (MCHAM) were prepared by growing HA on magnetic CS microspheres (MCM) in-situ. MCHAM could effectively adsorb gallic acid from sucrose solution, and the highest adsorption capacity was 40.77 mg g−1. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption process fit the pseudo-second-order mode, the dominant mechanism was chemisorption, and the Langmuir isotherm mode (qm = 48.12 mg g−1) described the adsorption behavior of MCHAM best. Recycling experiments indicated that the MCHAM adsorbent presented considerable repeatability. Compared to treating phenolic substances in sugarcane juice using traditional clarifying agents, treatment methods employing MCHAM can efficiently and simply remove phenolic substances without leaving residual sulfur in sugarcane juice.

The NE Jiangxi ophiolitic melange separates the Huaiyu and Jiuling terranes in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen of the South China Block. Two phases of S-type granites, which are geochemically and mineralogically similar to the Himalayan leucogranites, are newly recognized in mantle peridotites of the NE Jiangxi ophiolite. The first phase, a tourmaline-bearing granite porphyry, has a SIMS zircon U–Pb age of 904.4 ± 4.8 Ma and is strongly enriched in K2O (4.00–4.26 wt%) and strongly peraluminous (A/CNK = 2.94–3.24). It further shows high Rb/Sr ratios and highly fractionated REE patterns, indicating an origin due to fluid-absent melting of metapelites at relatively high temperatures. The granite porphyry exhibits highly evolved zircon Hf (−6.0 to −1.0) and whole-rock Nd (−4.2 to −5.1) isotopes, which is in contrast to juvenile-derived magmatic rocks in the Huaiyu Terrane. We thus propose that the granite porphyry was formed by melting of the metapelites sourced from the Yangtze Block subsequent to the accretion of the Huaiyu arc to the Jiuling Terrane (the continental margin of the Yangtze Block). The second phase, a muscovite-bearing quartz porphyry, is strongly peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.29–1.34) with low CaO/Na2O ratios (0.11–0.14) and low FeOt + MgO + TiO2 contents (2.39–2.75 wt%), similar to melts derived from fluid-fluxed melting of metapelites. Zircon grains from the quartz porphyry yielded U–Pb ages of ca. 803–801 Ma with mainly positive eHf(t) values (+1.9 to +8.7), which are younger than the depositional ages of the basement sequences and nearly identical to the accumulation of the overlying unmetamorphosed cover in the Jiangnan Orogen. Therefore, it is suggested that the quartz porphyry was formed in a post-collisional extensional setting subsequent to the final assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. In conjunction with published data, we conclude that multiple subduction-accretion events may have been involved in the formation of the South China Block during Neoproterozoic times.