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Abstract At present, the characteristics of double-hit multiple myeloma (DHMM) are unknown. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from 433 new diagnosed MM patients and found that DHMM have a higher β2-MG level and percentage of bone marrow plasma cell. Cox regression analysis showed that the prognosis of DHMM was not limited by clinical indicators. The abnormal proliferation of bone marrow in DHMM is obvious, and the proportion of poorly differentiated plasma cell is high. By collecting specimens from our center and performing flow cytometry to analyze the immunophenotypic and functional characteristics of lymphocyte subpopulations, we found that DHMM had a higher ratio of Tregs cells, and the proportion of iTregs cells was also significantly higher than non-DHMM (P

Abstract In recent years, wide voltage range DC/DC converters have been widely used in telecom power, solar generation and electric vehicle charger applications. Based on this, a new multi‐resonant converter with wide input voltage is proposed here. Compared with the traditional LLC converter, the proposed converter can maintain the output voltage within a narrow frequency regulation range in both under‐resonance and over‐resonance areas. Thus, a wide voltage range can be realized without additional switch components or complex control strategies. The topology and the corresponding working principle of the proposed converter are introduced. In addition, the equivalent model by considering the fundamental wave is established and the influence of the resonance parameters on the voltage gain characteristic is analysed in detail. With these considerations, the resonance parameters are designed. Finally, a 500 W experiment platform is established to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed converter.

Abstract Background Microorganisms play pivotal roles in seagrass ecosystems by facilitating material and elemental cycling as well as energy flux. However, our understanding of how seasonal factors and seagrass presence influence the assembly of bacterial communities in seagrass bed sediments is limited. Employing high-throughput sequencing techniques, this study investigates and characterizes bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of eelgrass (Zostera marina) and the bulk sediments across different seasons. The research elucidates information on the significance of seasonal variations and seagrass presence in impacting the microbial communities associated with Zostera marina. Results The results indicate that seasonal variations have a more significant impact on the bacterial community in seagrass bed sediments than the presence of seagrass. We observed that the assembly of bacterial communities in bulk sediments primarily occurs through stochastic processes. However, the presence of seagrass leading to a transition from stochastic to deterministic processes in bacterial community assembly. This shift further impacts the complexity and stability of the bacterial co-occurrence network. Through LEfSe analysis, different candidate biomarkers were identified in the bacterial communities of rhizosphere sediments in different seasons, indicating that seagrass may possess adaptive capabilities to the environment during different stages of growth and development. Conclusions Seasonal variations play a significant role in shaping these communities, while seagrass presence influences the assembly processes and stability of the bacterial community. These insights will provide valuable information for the ecological conservation of seagrass beds.

Abstract Respiratory failure, intracranial hemorrhage and infection were more common in hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia patients than in non-hyperleukocytic leukemia patients. Compared with non-apheresis treatment, the white blood cells decreased significantly and the infection rate decreased after apheresis treatment. However, the treatment time of leukapheresis in patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia is very long, while it is more damaging to cells. In this study, which conducted a retrospective analysis on patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia, the process of centrifugation of normal cells and patients’ cells by apheresis machine was simulated in vitro. Through selecting 5 healthy persons and 11 patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia, extracting their blood samples and performing in vitro centrifugation at different speeds or duration, we observed the changes of the numbers and morphology of peripheral blood cells in healthy people and patients, so as to explore the optimal centrifugation parameters during leukapheresis. The cells obtained by the optimal centrifugation parameters were cryopreserved and two groups of mice (10 mice in each group) were used to establish leukemia animal models. Through the research, it is found that when the centrifugal speed is below 6000 rpm, the damage to blood cells in healthy people and in patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia is not obvious. When the centrifugal speed is above 6000 rpm, the platelets will be damaged significantly. The cells obtained under the optimal centrifugation parameters can be successfully cryopreserved and used to establish leukemia animal models. This study is of great significance for improving the efficiency and reducing the side effects of leukapheresis, and is helpful to improve the treatment of white blood cells reduction.

Long-term excessive fertilization and irrigation under greenhouse cultivation systems cause nitrogen leaching, while the residual content varies at different soil depths with cultivation durations. However, it remains unclear whether it changes the composition and assemblage of the soil bacterial community, especially at deeper layers (as deep as 4 m), after long-term intensified cultivation. This study selected soils from three sites in Shouguang (a typical representative intensive planting area), i.e., greenhouse monoculturing for 20 years (G20), greenhouse monoculturing for 10 years (G10), and an adjacent rotation field (F) for physicochemical property determination and high-throughput pyrosequencing. The results showed that, contrary to the vertical characterization of soil bacterial community composition, the 2-m soil was dominated by Methylomirabilota, a nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidizer, uncovered for the first time in the soil habitat. This was attributed to the high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 201.2–255.7 mg kg−1), proving that applying C-rich organic fertilizers, e.g. plant residues, is effective in preventing accumulated nitrate from moving downward and threatening groundwater in greenhouse soils. Besides, greenhouse cultivation increased the inter-layer composition differences of the bacterial community, and compared with the abundant, the rare subcommunity showed higher sensitivity to environmental changes. The total nitrogen most significantly affected the bacterial community composition and assemblage. Therefore, 20 years of consecutive monocropping significantly decreased the microbial co-occurrence network complexity and species dispersal rate, yielding a low-fitted neutral community model (NCM) and more specialized ecological niches, especially for the rare subcommunity. As far as is known, this is the first study that explores the likely changes in the bacterial community composition and quantifies the responses of the rare subcommunity to long-term greenhouse cultivation at this soil depth. Discovery of Methylomirabilota broadens our understanding of micro-biodiversity in deep-soil ecosystem, and hints its application potential in soil remediation.

Abstract Background Anemia is a common complication of HIV/AIDS, particularly in adolescents and young adults across various countries and regions. However, little is known about the changing prevalence trends of anemia impairment in this population over time. Methods Data on anemia in adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease. Prevalence was calculated by gender, region, and country for individuals aged 10–24, and trends were measured using estimating annual percentage changes (EAPC). Results Globally, the prevalence of adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS increased from 103.95 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 203.78 in 2019. However, anemia impairment has decreased over the past three decades, with a global percentage decreasing from 70.6% in 1990 to 34.7% in 2019, mainly presenting as mild to moderate anemia and significantly higher in females than males. The largest decreases were observed in Central Sub-Saharan Africa, North America, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, with EAPCs of -2.8, -2.34, and -2.17, respectively. Tajikistan (78.76%) and Madagascar (74.65%) had the highest anemia impairment percentage in 2019, while China (16.61%) and Iceland (13.73%) had the lowest. Anemia impairment was closely related to sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, with a high proportion of impairment in low SDI regions but a stable decreasing trend (EAPC = -0.37). Conclusion Continued anemia monitoring and management are crucial for patients with HIV, especially in high-prevalence regions and among females. Public health policies and interventions can improve the quality of life and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Abstract Background Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are one of the most common types of intracranial tumors. Currently, the cellular characteristics of normal pituitary and various other types of PitNETs are still not completely understood. Methods We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 4 normal samples and 24 PitNET samples for comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Findings regarding the function of PBK in the aggressive tumor cells were validated by siRNA knockdown, overexpression, and transwell experiments. Results We first constructed a reference cell atlas of the human pituitary. Subsequent scRNA-seq analysis of PitNET samples, representing major tumor subtypes, shed light on the intrinsic cellular heterogeneities of the tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). We found that the expression of hormone-encoding genes defined the major variations of the PIT1-lineage tumor cell transcriptomic heterogeneities. A sub-population of TPIT-lineage tumor cells highly expressing GZMK suggested a novel subtype of corticotroph tumors. In immune cells, we found two clusters of tumor-associated macrophages, which were both highly enriched in PitNETs but with distinct functional characteristics. In PitNETs, the stress response pathway was significantly activated in T cells. While a majority of these tumors are benign, our study unveils a common existence of aggressive tumor cells in the studied samples, which highly express a set of malignant signature genes. The following functional experiments confirmed the oncogenic role of selected up-regulated genes. The over-expression of PBK could promote both tumor cell proliferation and migration, and it was also significantly associated with poor prognosis in PitNET patients. Conclusions Our data and analysis manifested the basic cell types in the normal pituitary and inherent heterogeneity of PitNETs, identified several features of the tumor immune microenvironments, and found a novel epithelial cell sub-population with aggressive signatures across all the studied cases.

Abstract Background Studies have revealed that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are prone to combined cardiac injury. We aimed to identify hematological risk factors associated with cardiac injury in newly diagnosed AML patients before chemotherapy and develop a personalized predictive model. Methods The population baseline, blood test, electrocardiogram, echocardiograph, and genetic and cytogenetic data were collected from newly diagnosed AML patients. The data were subdivided into training and validation cohorts. The independent risk factors were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis respectively, and data dimension reduction and variable selection were performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models. The nomogram was generated and the reliability and generalizability were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curves in an external validation cohort. Results Finally, 499 AML patients were included. After univariate logistic regression, LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis, abnormal NT-proBNP, NPM1 mutation, WBC, and RBC were independent risk factors for cardiac injury in AML patients (all P

Rayleigh lidar equipped on airborne floating platforms has received increasing attention in recent years due to the demand for exploring the middle atmosphere. However, the inevitable attitude fluctuation of the platform affects the measurement accuracy of the photon profile, which greatly affects temperature retrieval. Here, an extensive theoretical analysis model of geometrical transformations between the actual altitude and detection distance under attitude fluctuations was constructed by taking pitch, roll, and observation angles into consideration. Based on this model and measured attitude angles, the influence of platform fluctuation on lidar measurement was analyzed by calculating the deviations between temperature retrieval results and the NRLMSISE-00 model at different observation angles, which demonstrated that the altitude displacement from the variation of pitch angle is a crucial factor in causing temperature retrieval error, especially at large observation angles. Then, an attitude compensation method was designed to eliminate the impact of fluctuations, incorporating the merits of good robustness. Under the observation angle of 45° and average pitch angle of around 4°, the maximum temperature deviation after attitude compensation was reduced from 21.29 K to 0.366 K, a reduction of around two orders of magnitude, indicating that the method can significantly improve the measurement accuracy of Rayleigh lidar.

Transglutaminase (TGase) was added to soy protein isolate (SPI) dispersion after the combination treatment of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to catalyze the formation of cold gel, which was used to encapsulate riboflavin. The structure, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion characteristics of riboflavin-loaded SPI cold gel were investigated. HIU-HHP combined treatment enhanced the strength, water retention, elastic property, thermal stability and protein denaturation degree of riboflavin-loaded SPI cold gels, and improved the gel network structure, resulting in a higher encapsulation efficiency of riboflavin and its chemical stability under heat and light treatment. HIU-HHP combined treatment reduced the erosion and swelling of SPI cold gel in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, and improved the sustained release effect of SPI gel on riboflavin by changing the digestion mode and rate of gel. In addition, HIU-HHP combined treated gels promoted the directional release of riboflavin in the simulated intestinal fluid, thereby improving its bioaccessibility, which was related to the secondary structure orderliness, tertiary conformation tightness and aggregation degree of protein during the gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, HIU-HHP combined treatment technology had potential application value in improving the protection, sustained/controlled release and delivery of SPI cold gels for sensitive bioactive compounds.

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with coronary heart disease and to examine the role of left ventricular GLS in detecting early changes in cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease in the subclinical stage. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 178 participants with symptomatic coronary artery disease excluding myocardial infarction or left ventricular dysfunction was conducted in Jilin Province, China. Basic clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic data were obtained from all participants. Myocardial strain parameters were compared between patients with higher TyG index and those with lower TyG index, and the association between the gradually elevated TyG index and on subclinical cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease was evaluated. Results The GLS of left ventricle was lower in the higher TyG index group than in the lower TyG index group. As the TyG index increases, the GLS progressively decreases. The results remained stable after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions A higher TyG index maybe independently associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease.

Yogurt consumption is a significant factor in reducing the risk of hypertension and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Although increasing evidence has emerged regarding the potential benefits of probiotics in hypertension, there is a lack of large, cross-sectional studies assessing the association between yogurt intake and blood pressure parameters. We aimed to evaluate the association between yogurt intake frequency and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study was designed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2004 and 2005 to 2006. We included 3, 068 adults with blood pressure data and yogurt intake data. Multivariate regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between yogurt and systolic blood pressure (P

This review provides an overview of the key role played by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the protection of cardiovascular health. PVAT is a specific type of adipose tissue that wraps around blood vessels and has recently emerged as a critical factor for maintenance of vascular health. Through a profound exploration of existing research, this review sheds light on the intricate structural composition and cellular origins of PVAT, with a particular emphasis on combining its regulatory functions for vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. The review then delves into the intricate mechanisms by which PVAT exerts its protective effects, including the secretion of diverse adipokines and manipulation of the renin-angiotensin complex. The review further examines the alterations in PVAT function and phenotype observed in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Recognizing the complex interactions of PVAT with the cardiovascular system is critical for pursuing breakthrough therapeutic strategies that can target cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this review aims to augment present understanding of the protective role of PVAT in cardiovascular health, with a special emphasis on elucidating potential mechanisms and paving the way for future research directions in this evolving field.

Abstract Hematologic malignancies are among the most common cancers, and understanding their incidence and death is crucial for targeting prevention, clinical practice improvement, and research resources appropriately. Here, we investigated detailed information on hematological malignancies for the period 1990–2019 from the Global Burden of Disease study. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and the corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess temporal trends in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years. Globally, incident cases of hematologic malignancies have been increasing since 1990, reaching 1343.85 thousand in 2019, but the ASDR for all types of hematologic malignancies has been declining. The ASDR for leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma were 4.26, 1.42, 3.19, and 0.34 per 100,000 population in 2019, respectively, with Hodgkin lymphoma showing the most significant decline. However, the trend varies by gender, age, region, and the country’s economic situation. The burden of hematologic malignancies is generally higher in men, and this gender gap decreases after peaking at a given age. The regions with the largest increasing trend in the ASIR of leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma were Central Europe, Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Caribbean, respectively. In addition, the proportion of deaths attributed to high body-mass index continued to rise across regions, especially in regions with high socio-demographic indices (SDI). Meanwhile, the burden of leukemia from occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde was more widespread in areas with low SDI. Thus, hematologic malignancies remain the leading cause of the global tumor burden, with growing absolute numbers but sharp among several age-standardized measures over the past three decades. The results of the study will inform analysis of trends in the global burden of disease for specific hematologic malignancies and develop appropriate policies for these modifiable risks.

The public teaching buildings of universities have a large flow of people, high lighting requirements, and large energy consumption, which present significant potential for energy saving. The greatest opportunity for integrating “green” architectural design strategies lies in the design phase, especially the early stage of architectural design. However, current designers often rely on experience or qualitative judgment for decision-making. Thus, there is a pressing need for rational and quantitative green architectural design theories and techniques to guide and support decision-making for the design parameters of teaching buildings. This study, based on field surveys of 40 teaching buildings, constructs building archetypes regarding energy consumption including 28 typical values. Based on the “Rectangle”, “L”, “U”, and “Courtyard” archetypes, through batch energy consumption simulation and multiple regression methods, the influence mechanisms of nine energy consumption influencing factors on four types of building energy consumptions were explored, and energy consumption prediction models were derived. The findings of this research can serve as factor evaluation and selection in the early stage of architectural design for public teaching buildings at universities, and the prediction model can assist in the early estimation of energy consumption. This aims to enrich and supplement green architectural design methods by supporting the design of green public teaching buildings and providing reference and application for relevant engineering practices.

A new inorganic flame retardant P/N-GO was prepared by chemically modifying graphene oxide (GO) with phosphorus trichloride (POCl3) and 4,4-diamino-diphenylmethane (DDM). The P/N-GO was covalently grafted into a phosphorus-containing aqueous polyurethane (PWPU) system to prepare a flame-retardant nanocomposite (P/N-GO/PWPU). Due to the uniform distribution of P/N-GO in the polymer matrix, a strong interfacial adhesion can be formed and the mechanical properties of the WPU can be significantly improved. The mechanical strength of the composites increased from 4.56 MPa to 9.16 MPa. The LOI value of WPU increased from 25.5% to 30.5%, indicating that its flame-retardant properties were improved and met the standards for flame-retardant materials. At the same time, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) was reduced from 184.374 kW/m2 to 116.730 kW/m2, which showed good flame retardant properties of P/N-GO/PWPU and was favourable for expanding the application scope and safe use of WPU.

With the increasing demands of consumers for product grade, the C2B model of high-grade e-commerce emerges as required. In order to solve the problem of coordination and cooperation between e-commerce platforms and manufacturers, and to further develop the C2B model of high-grade e-commerce, this paper studies the coordination of supply chain interests by establishing a differential game model considering product grade factors. By comparing the equilibrium solutions of differential games under different decision-making situations, a cooperative coordination mechanism is proposed. Next, the equilibrium solution is further analyzed by means of numerical simulation. Finally, the influence of several important parameters on the equilibrium solution is discussed through sensitivity analysis. It is found that (1) the supply chain parties have optimal quality behavior in the centralized decision-making situation, and the overall benefit is the greatest. (2) Compared with the Nash non-cooperative game, the optimal quality behavior of the dominant party remains unchanged, and the optimal quality behavior of the following party is enhanced after both parties move from the Stackelberg master-slave game, and the optimal profits of both parties, as well as the overall increase. (3) The cooperative coordination model can coordinate the quality behavior of both sides of the supply chain when the benefit distribution coefficient is within a specific range.

AimsUsing speckle tracking technology to investigate the effect of hypertriglyceridemia on the global longitudinal strain(GLS) of the left ventricle in patients with coronary heart disease in the early stage, and to explore the value of myocardial strain in early identification of cardiac dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease in the pre-heart failure stage.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 138 participants was conducted in Jilin Province, China. Basic clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic data were obtained for all patients. Myocardial strain parameters were compared between the hypertriglyceridemia and normal triglyceride level groups and the effect of hypertriglyceridemia on early left ventricular global longitudinal strain impairment in coronary heart disease patients was evaluated.ResultsThe overall longitudinal strain of the left ventricle was smaller in the hypertriglyceridemia group than in the normal triglyceride group. After the multivariate Logistic regression model adjusting for the influence of confounding factors, the results remained stable.ConclusionsThe risk of impairment of global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle in patients with coronary heart disease is positively correlated with triglyceride levels, and hypertriglyceridemia maybe an independent risk factor affecting early cardiac dysfunction in the pre-heart failure stage of patients with coronary heart disease.

B0 field inhomogeneity is a long-lasting issue for Cardiac MRI (CMR) in high-field (3T and above) scanners. The inhomogeneous B0 fields can lead to corrupted image quality, prolonged scan time, and false diagnosis. B0 shimming is the most straightforward way to improve the B0 homogeneity. However, today’s standard cardiac shimming protocol requires manual selection of a shim volume, which often falsely includes regions with large B0 deviation (e.g., liver, fat, and chest wall). The flawed shim field compromises the reliability of high-field CMR protocols, which significantly reduces the scan efficiency and hinders its wider clinical adoption. This study aims to develop a dual-channel deep learning model that can reliably contour the cardiac region for B0 shim without human interaction and under variable imaging protocols. By utilizing both the magnitude and phase information, the model achieved a high segmentation accuracy in the B0 field maps compared to the conventional single-channel methods (Dice score: 2D-mag = 0.866, 3D-mag = 0.907, and 3D-mag-phase = 0.938, all p < 0.05). Furthermore, it shows better generalizability against the common variations in MRI imaging parameters and enables significantly improved B0 shim compared to the standard method (SD(B0Shim): Proposed = 15 ± 11% vs. Standard = 6 ± 12%, p < 0.05). The proposed autonomous model can boost the reliability of cardiac shimming at 3T and serve as the foundation for more reliable and efficient high-field CMR imaging in clinical routines.

Fatigue is a common experience in everyday life. People who experience fatigue will have more intense negative emotions, and at the same time, their positive emotions will decrease, impairing the individual’s emotional processing ability. In previous research, mindfulness meditation reduces the intensity of negative emotional stimuli. However, if individuals continue to be affected by negative emotions when they are fatigued, it is unclear whether mindfulness can buffer the negative association between fatigue and emotions. This study examined whether mindfulness meditation affects the association between fatigue and emotions, using event-related potentials (ERPs). One hundred and forty-five participants completed the experiment. They were randomly assigned to the Mindfulness or Non-mindfulness group; and they were presented with positive, neutral, or negative pictures in an emotional processing task before and after mindfulness or rest. Late positive potential (LPP) is an important indicator of emotional stimuli perceived by individuals, and positive or negative pictures can induce an increase in LPP amplitude more than neutral pictures. Our findings suggest that fatigue significantly affected individuals’ LPP amplitudes in the early, mid, and late windows in the Non-mindfulness group, specifically, the more fatigued individuals had lower LPP amplitudes, but not in the Mindfulness group. These results suggest that in a state of fatigue, mindful individuals are able to maintain responsiveness to emotional stimuli by maintaining LPP amplitude. Our study has demonstrated that mindfulness meditation, to some extent, offsets the negative association of fatigue with the neural activation of emotions.

The Bozhong Sag is located in the central and eastern part of the Bohai Bay Basin, and source rocks of the first and third Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation (E2s1 and E2s3) and the third Member of the Donying Formation (E3d3) are mainly developed, indicative of good oil and gas exploration prospects. Previous studies on organic geochemical characteristics of the Bozhong Sag are mainly based on cutting samples, and study on biomarker characteristics using core samples is insufficient. By utilizing both core and cuttings samples, this study integrates organic carbon, rock pyrolysis, chloroform bitumen "A", saturated hydrocarbon chromatography-mass spectrometry and other organic geochemical analysis.Organic matter abundance, type, maturity, source materials and depositional environment of the E3d3, E2s1 and E2s3 source rocks in the Bozhong Sag were studied, and the geochemical characteristics and depositional factors of the three source rocks were studied.The combination characteristics of typical biomarker compounds to distinguish the three source rocks are established, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further clarifying the development pattern and spatial distribution of high-quality source rocks in this area, which is beneficial to the exploration of oil and gas in this area.The results show that the hydrocarbon generation potential of the three source rocks is different, where the generation potential is as E2s3>E2s1>E3d3. The E2s3 source rock has the highest organic matter abundance, typeⅠand Ⅱ1 kerogen, and is currently in the mature stage. The E2s1 is medium to good source rock, with organic matter type Ⅱ1 and Ⅱ2, and is also inmature stage. The E3d3 is a medium source rock, with organic matter typeⅡ1 and Ⅱ2, and is in the stage of low maturity to medium maturity. The biomarker parameters, including Pr/Ph value, gammacerane index, C27-C28-C29 regular sterane content, 4-methylsterane index and other parameters indicate that the source material input and depositional environment are the main factors controlling the different development of three lacustrine source rocks. The input of freshwater algae sources and good preservation conditions are the keys to the development of high-quality source rocks in the E2s3. The input of low-level aquatic organisms and strong reducing preservation conditions are the keys to the development of high-quality source rocks in the E2s1. Mixed source input and good preservation conditions are the key to the development of high-quality source rocks in the E3d3.

The identification of shale lithofacies is the basic work of shale gas exploration and development. Accurate quantitative characterization of different mineral components in fine-grained mixed shale is of great significance for the identification and classification of lithofacies types, the enrichment conditions of shale oil and gas (hydrocarbon generation, reservoir, occurrence and preservation), and the evaluation of shale oil potential (reservoir, oil bearing, fracturability and oil mobility). When organic-rich argillaceous laminae are moderately mixed with brittle laminae, the laminated shale is not only the favorable interval of shale oil and gas enrichment for hydrocarbon generation (organic-rich argillaceous laminae) and storage (brittle laminae), but also the excellent “sweet spots” for continental shale oil and gas optimization. Different shale lithofacies have distinct rock texture, fabric and composition, leading to different brittleness and rock physical properties. For the identification of shale lithofacies containing various components, the overlaps of different wire-line logging responses and the vague boundaries between various logging data cause the large deviation in the logging prediction of lithofacies by traditional methods. In this study, shale samples from the lower part of the third member of Shahejie Formation in Bozhong Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin are selected to carry out the reservoir characterization and then the data mining of logging information by a Back Propagation (BP) neural network coupled with Atomic Search Optimization (ASO) algorithm. The BP algorithm based on the identified shale lithofacies (expected output) and logging data index (input) is used to train the neural network. The complex and unrecognized nonlinear relationship between shale lithofacies and logging data is mapped onto the high-dimensional identifiable nonlinear quantitative relationship to establish the prediction model of the relative content of clay minerals, silicate minerals and carbonate minerals. This study reveals the main lithologic characteristics of lacustrine shale lithofacies from Shahejie Formation in Bozhong Sag, and the main controlling factors for shale lithofacies prediction based on logging data. Our results show that the main mineral composition of shale lithofacies associations can be effectively predicted through the whole rock X-ray diffraction data, wire-line log data and neural network analysis, which provides the basis for lithofacies identification shale interval in well locations lacking core and test data.

Background: The clinical risk classification of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) is largely based on cytogenetic and molecular genetic detection. However, the optimal treatment for intermediate-risk AML patients remains uncertain. Further refinement and improvement of prognostic stratification are therefore necessary. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify serum protein biomarkers to refine risk stratification in AML patients. Design: This study is a retrospective study. Methods: Label-free proteomics was used to identify the differential abundance of serum proteins in AML patients. Transcriptomic data were combined to identify key altered markers that could indicate the risk rank of AML patients. The survival status was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: We delineated serum protein expression in a population of AML patients. Many biological processes were influenced by the identified differentially expressed proteins. Association analysis of transcriptome data showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM2) had a higher survival prediction value in the intermediate-risk AML group. ICAM2 was detrimental for intermediate-risk AML, regardless of whether patients received bone marrow transplantation. ICAM2 well distinguishes the intermediate group of patients, whose probability of survival is comparable to that of patients with the ELN-2017 according to the reference classification. In addition, newly established stratified clinical features were associated with leukemia stem cell scores. Conclusion: The inclusion of ICAM2 expression into the AML risk classification according to ELN-2017 was a good way to transfer patients from three to two groups. Thus, providing more information for clinical decision-making to improve intermediate-risk stratification in AML patients.

Lidar is important active remote sensing equipment in the field of atmospheric environment detection. However, the detection range of lidar is severely limited by the dynamic range of photodetectors. To solve this problem, atmospheric lidars are often equipped with two or more channels to receive signals from different altitude ranges, where gluing the multi-channel echo signals becomes a key issue for accurate data inversion. In this paper, a multi-channel signal gluing algorithm based on the Improved Gray Wolf Optimizer (IGWO) and Neighborhood Rough Set (NRS), named IGWO-RSD, is proposed. The fitness function F is formed by three objective functions: correlation coefficient R, regression stability coefficient S and mean fit deviation D. All three objective functions are obtained from the data itself and do not rely on prior information. The weights of the objective functions R, S and D are pre-trained by NRS, and IGWO is used to optimize the fitness function F. With ground-based aerosol lidar data, all-day signal gluing experiments are performed, where IGWO-RSD demonstrates obvious advantages in stability, accuracy and applicability in lidar signal processing compared with NRSWNSGA-II.

Measurement uncertainty is an extremely important parameter for characterizing the quality of measurement results. In order to measure the reliability of atmospheric temperature detection, the uncertainty needs to be evaluated. In this paper, based on the measurement models originating from the Chanin-Hauchecorne (CH) method, the atmospheric temperature uncertainty was evaluated using the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the Monte Carlo Method (MCM) by considering the ancillary temperature uncertainty and the detection noise as the major uncertainty sources. For the first time, the GUM atmospheric temperature uncertainty framework was comprehensively and quantitatively validated by MCM following the instructions of JCGM 101: 2008 GUM Supplement 1. The results show that the GUM method is reliable when discarding the data in the range of 10–15 km below the reference altitude. Compared with MCM, the GUM method is recommended to evaluate the atmospheric temperature uncertainty of Rayleigh lidar detection in terms of operability, reliability, and calculation efficiency.

Lidar is an active remote sensing technology that has many advantages, but the echo lidar signal is extremely susceptible to noise and complex atmospheric environment, which affects the effective detection range and retrieval accuracy. In this paper, a wavelet transform (WT) and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) for Rayleigh lidar signal denoising was proposed. The WT method was used to remove the noise in the signal with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) higher than 16 dB. The EEMD method was applied to decompose the remaining signal into a series of intrinsic modal functions (IMFs), and then detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was conducted to determine the threshold for distinguishing whether noise or signal was the main component of the IMFs. Moreover, the LOWESS method was adopted to remove the noise in the IMFs component containing the signal, and thus, finely extract the signal. The simulation results showed that the denoising effect of the proposed WT-EEMD-LOWESS method was superior to EEMD-WT, EEMD-SVD and VMD-WOA. Finally, the use of WT-EEMD-LOWESS on the measured lidar signal led to significant improvement in retrieval accuracy. The maximum error of density and temperature retrievals was decreased from 1.36% and 125.79 K to 1.1% and 13.84 K, respectively.

The properties of lithium ion battery largely depend on the structure of active materials. In the present work, CoFe _2 O _4 nanowire arrays /Cu foam three-dimensional integrated electrode (denoted as CFO/Cu-foam NWAs) was firstly designed and synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method follow annealing as a binder-free anode for lithium ion battery. The CoFe _2 O _4 nanowires with diameter of 50–100 nm are uniformly anchored on the porous conductive substrate. Lithium ion battery based on the CFO/Cu-foam NWAs integrated electrode exhibits a high initial capacity of 882.7 mAh · g ^−1 and excellent cyclic stability of 832.1 mAh · g ^−1 after 100 cycles at 1.0 A · g ^−1 which is much better than traditional coated electrode of CoFe _2 O _4 nanowire (defined as CFO NWAs) and CoFe _2 O _4 nanowire/Cu foil integrated electrode (named CFO/Cu-foil NWAs). The improved electrochemical performance might be attributed to superior conductivity and porous skeleton structure which not only reduce contact resistance and polarization, but also relieve volume alteration during the lithiation/delithiation process. These advantages make the CoFe _2 O _4 /Cu foam integrated electrode a promising anode for Li-ion batteries.

The thermoelectric effect can be used to explore electronic properties. Here, the authors show experimentally that Cd3As2exhibits a negative magnetic thermopower which reverses sign at high field, and relate it to the chiral anomaly, a signature of Weyl fermions.

This study aimed to examine the association between parent-grandparent co-parenting and children's self-control as well as the potential moderated mediation mechanisms. Participants were 367 children aged from 3 to 6 years from two public kindergartens in Shanghai and Guangzhou, China. Their mothers were asked to complete multiple questionnaires including the parent-grandparent co-parenting scale, parenting style scale, and children's self-control, as well as their grandparents were asked to rate parenting practices. Research Findings: The results showed that: (1) parent-grandparent co-parenting was positively correlated with maternal authoritative parenting, grandparental authoritative parenting, and children's self-control, whereas negatively correlated with maternal authoritarian parenting and grandparental authoritarian parenting. (2) maternal authoritarian parenting mediated the relation between parent-grandparent co-parenting and children's self-control; (3) grandparental authoritarian parenting moderated the relations between parent-grandparent co-parenting, maternal authoritative parenting, and children's self-control. To be specific, for children whose grandparents adopted less authoritarian parenting, their self-control level was higher, and the parent-grandparent co-parenting could predict their self-control via maternal authoritative parenting. Practice or Policy: These findings provide valuable information on the importance of maternal and grandparental parenting styles between parent-grandparent co-parenting and preschoolers' self-control in Chinese culture.

We study the $\hat{c}$ axis transport of WTe _2 . An enhancement of quantum oscillations allows for observation of an astonishing spin zero effect at certain field orientations for both hole bands and electron bands, providing transport evidence for their spin–orbit splitting origin. Based on the requirements for the spin zero effect, a lower limit for the Landé g -factor, as large as 44.7, has been obtained at a field angle of 63.7° with respect to the c axis towards the b axis for the hole band. The field dependence of the band splitting is experimentally determined.

Nanofibrillated celluloses (NFC) have attracted tremendous attention as nanofillers to improve the mechanical properties of waterborne resin. In this study, NFC was prepared by mechanical fibrillation, and then modified respectively with three different types of silane coupling agents: γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), γ-(2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH560), and γ-(methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH570). The obtained NFC and modified NFCs were physically mixed with water-based acrylic resin (WAR) to prepare films by casting method. The NFC, silanized NFC, and films were analyzed by Malvern laser particle sizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), rotational rheometer, and power stretchers, respectively. Results showed that NFCs were successfully prepared and modified. The KH570 modified NFC had a slightly smaller particle size, higher absolute Zeta potential and yield stress values, good thermal stability, and exhibited better dispersion and suspension stability in solution. However, the NFC modified by KH560 had the best improvement effect on the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of WAR membranes. Adding only 0.3 wt% KH560 modified NFC could increase the tensile strength of WAR film by 131.9%, and the WCA of the film could be increased from 85.2° to 101.6°, which makes this study beneficial for promoting the application of nanofibrillated cellulose in WAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]