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Effective bleeding control is essential for the reduction of traumatic deaths among civilians and military personnel, particularly for physical visceral and arteriovenous injuries. Materials with good hemostatic properties have recently attracted significant scientific attention. In this study, a novel material of tranexamic acid modified porous starch (TAMPS) was produced through esterification. The structure of the final product was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The hemostatic effect of TAMPS was preliminarily analyzed via in vitro clotting time, mouse tail amputation model and liver injury model experiments. Hemostatic effect of TAMPS was found to be significantly better than that of the positive control Quickclean. Through the exploration of related hemostatic mechanisms, TAMPS can promote coagulation via rapid fluid absorption and high erythrocyte aggregation capacity. The in vitro cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, and hemolysis tests revealed that TAMPS is safe and nontoxic and has perfect blood compatibility. Therefore, the TAMPS has a great potential for future clinical application as a rapid and multitarget hemostatic material.

Small-sized (2.1 nm) and structurally ordered Pt3Co intermetallic nanoparticles uniformly anchored onto nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) via a low-temperature N-anchoring method possess excellent electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation.

We encapsulate large Pt shell/Ni core (PtNi) particles with thick and porous nitrogen-doped carbon (N–C) layers, and demonstrate that the thick N–C layers can protect the PtNi particles from dissolution and migration for an extremely long service life through both steric hindrance and chemical bond; in addition, the well mass transfer performance of the porous N–C, the thin Pt shell, and the promotion effects of N–C and Ni on Pt lead to excellent activity of the composite catalyst (N–C/PtNi). As a result, the N–C/PtNi keeps the high oxygen reduction reaction activity value of 962–1080 mA mgPt−1 for 60,000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles and still has a high activity of 265 mA mgPt−1 even after 120,000 CV cycles. Moreover, the N–C/PtNi shows a max power density of 1.24 W cm−2 at cathodic loading of 0.1 mgPt cm−2 in H2–O2 fuel cell under 200 kPa absolute pressure of O2 without performance decrease within 60,000 cycles. Other large noble metal-based particles are believed to gain ultrahigh stabilities and higher activities through performing the similar encapsulation.

A heterogeneous trilayer CsPbI3/PbS/ZnO architecture was constructed to promote the efficient space separation of carriers for flexible wide spectrum photodetection.

Wearable, portable, and biocompatible optoelectronic devices made of all-green and abundant materials and fabricated by low-temperature solution method are the key point in the development of next generation of intelligent optoelectronics. However, this is usually limited by the weaknesses of mono-component materials, such as non-adjustable photoresponse region, high carrier recombination rate, high signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the weak mechanical flexibility of bulk films. In this work, the Cs

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm (IA). This study investigated the molecular mechanism of exosomal miR-144-5p (ex-miR-144-5p) and PTEN in IA. Ex-miR-144-5p expression was assessed in serum from individuals with ruptured intracranial aneurysm (RA) or unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UA), and healthy controls (HC). Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were co-cultured with exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with transfection of miR-144-5p mimic or miR-144-5p inhibitor. IA rats were induced by combing systemic hypertension and intrathecal elastase injection. VECs were transfected with miR-144-5p mimic or inhibitor to verify the impacts of miR-144-5p on cell viability and proliferation. The connection between miR-144-5p and PTEN was verified by luciferase activity assay. Our data proved that ex-miR-144-5p was decreased in both UA and RA patients. MiR-144-5p overexpression in MSCs-derived exosome promoted VEC viability, inhibited VEC proliferation of VEs, and decreased the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and osteopontin (OPN). IA rats injected with ex-miR-144-5p mimic showed significant luminal dilation, declined smooth muscle layers, and thinned vascular wall. Besides, inhibited cell apoptosis and decreased protein expressions were also observed. However, ex-miR-144-5p inhibitor had the opposite effects both in vivo and in vitro. We validated that miR-144-5p directly targeted PTEN. MiR-144-5p mimic increased cell viability and proliferation and reduced protein expressions, which could be blunted by PTEN overexpression. This study suggests that miR-144-5p elevates PTEN expression, thereby boosting apoptosis and attenuating viability of VECs in IA.

Hierarchical porous carbonized egg white (EW) is synthesized and used as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. The typical EW that is carbonized at 650 °C (EW-650) possesses ultrahigh specific surface area of 1904 m2 g−1, large average pore diameter of 9.8 nm, high contents of doped heteroatoms (N, O and S), fairly high graphitization degree and dense defects, corresponding to dense active sites and excellent transportation of both mass and electrons. Therefore, the EW-650 shows higher activity than commercial Pt/C for ORR in both alkaline and acidic media even at higher mass loadings, with excellent cyclic stability. The effects of reaction temperature and electrolyte concentration on ORR activity are also studied. It is found that appropriate temperature and electrolyte concentration speed up ORR kinetics, ensure higher oxygen solubility and favor mass transportation.

In this work Si/HZSM-5-0.09M catalyst was prepared using desilication and regrowth of SiO2 method, which was characterized by XRF, XRD, SEM, NH3-TPD, and N2 adsorption/desorption. Meanwhile, the structure–activity relationship was comprehensively discussed. The results revealed that the aromatics total selectivity of Si/HZSM-5-0.09M catalyst was significantly improved, from 33 to 54.8% compared to HZSM-5 under the optimal conditions. Also, the selectivity of p-xylene over Si/HZSM-5-0.09M catalyst increased from 4.6 to 19.8% compared to HZSM-5. The total selectivity of benzene, toluene, and xylene over Si/HZSM-5-0.09M catalyst was significantly improved by 66.1% compared to that of HZSM-5. Thus, an excellent catalytic effect has been found, which indicates that the SiO2 deposition on the surface favors the enhancement of the p-xylene selectivity in the methanol aromatization reaction.

All inorganic perovskites have been regarded as attractive optoelectronic materials due to their tunable properties, good stability, and low-temperature processing techniques. However, the relative...

A series of Gd/HZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized by incipient-wetness impregnation method and their surface properties and catalytic performances in methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction were studied in detail. The addition of gadolinium has little effect on the structure of zeolite and the specific surface area of catalyst. However, with the increase of Gd content, the strong acid density of catalysts shows a monotonously increasing trend and the Gd/HZSM-5 catalysts exhibit high C2–C5 aliphatic hydrocarbon selectivity in MTH reaction which can reach 71.6% over the catalysts with the gadolinium content of 7%. In addition, the Gd/HZSM-5 catalysts exhibit much lower carbon deposition rates than the parent HZSM-5 catalyst in MTH reaction due to the low yield of C9+ aromatics. Thus, the introduction of Gd into the HZSM-5 catalysts can significantly affect the amount of acid on the surface of catalyst, the distribution of reaction products and anticoking ability in MTH reaction.

The paper is proposed to explore the potential effects of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule against COVID-19. The ingredients and targets of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule were collected by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the gene names of potential targets were extracted by UniProtKB. Then we did protein-protein interaction networks functional enrichment analysis by the STRING platform, reconstructed drug-target pathways and networks to predict the likely protein targets of the capsule against COVID-19 with software Cytoscape 3.6.1, and carried out GO enrichment analysis and KEGG analysis with R 5.3.2 software. At last we validated our predictions on molecular docking. The results suggested that Shufeng Jiedu Capsule contained 155 ingredients and 237 targets, including 26 main active ingredients and 45 key targets. There were 2334 biological processes (BP), 103 cell composition (CC) and 198 molecular functions (MF) in GO Enrichment Analysis, and 177 pathways in the KEGG analysis. The molecular docking analysis showed that binding energy for 26 main active ingredients ranged from -32.21 to -25.94 kJ·mol-1, and the main targets bind to SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase by acting on CASP9, PRKCA, RELA and others. Our study suggested that Shufeng Jiedu Capsule has potential therapeutic effects on COVID-19.

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) have recently become increasingly more prevalent, resulting in an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Both Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. are major causes of IFI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cumulative fraction of response of various dosage regimens of posaconazole against nine Candida spp. and six Aspergillus spp. in both children and adults. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was performed to optimize selection of posaconazole dosage regimens. For children, a dosage regimen of 120 mg/m2 posaconazole tid was sufficient to treat fungal infections caused by all six Aspergillus spp. and six of the nine Candida spp. (but was not effective against C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii and C. krusei). In contrast, a 400 mg dosage regimen of posaconazole bid achieved the target pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) parameters against all six Aspergillus spp. and eight of the nine Candida spp. (but was not effective against C. glabrata) in the adults. Dosage regimens of 50 mg bid, 100 mg bid, or 200 mg bid were not effective. Posaconazole dosage regimens are likely to achieve their desired PK/PD targets against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. in both children and adults.

Plasmonic metals possess the ability to enhance the interaction between light and matter, which has been widely used in optoelectronic devices, especially, a direct contact is established between metal and semiconductor in hetero-nanostructure. In this work, we report an enhanced photodetector by surface plasmon, which is based on Au–PbS core–shell nanorod phototransistor. The photodetector achieved higher responsivity of 18.5 A W−1, detectivity of 1.22 × 1011 Jones and EQE of 2844% under an 808 nm laser illumination. The results indicate that the Au–PbS core–shell nanorods have great potential in optoelectronic devices.

A cost-effective route has been developed for the synthesis of nano-sized triclinic SAPO-34 zeolite via seed-assisted grinding method using lower dosage of morpholine as the sole template. The synthesis conditions including silica source, silica concentration, crystallization temperature and time were refined to obtain SAPO-34 zeolite with high phase purity and crystallinity. Particularly, seed crystals preactivated by different methods were utilized to induce the synthesis of nano-sized SAPO-34 zeolites in the subsequent study. The resultant SAPO-34 samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 physisorption and NH3-TPD techniques. It was found that the introduction of seed crystals activated by mechanical milling for 20 min and chemical etching with 0.0001 M and 0.01 M H3PO4 can not only effectively reduce the crystal size of SAPO-34 zeolites from 3–4 μm to 500–800 nm level, but also can modify their texture and acid properties. This nano-sized SAPO-34 catalyst exhibits a remarkably prolonged catalytic lifetime in methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction in comparison to the conventional micron-sized counterpart. Analogous to solvent-free synthesis of zeolites, this seed-assisted grinding synthesis method is simpler, more efficient than conventional hydrothermal synthesis. More importantly, this method provides a new avenue for preparing superior MTO catalyst.

Iron-containing aluminophosphate molecular sieve with LEV topology (Fe-LEV molecular sieve) has been successfully synthesized by a microwave-assisted ionothermal method in low-dosage of eutectic mixture solvent, which is the first example of Fe incorporated aluminophosphates with the LEV-zeotype structure. The optimum synthetic conditions of this material were refined. The structure and morphology of a representative Fe-LEV sample, as well as the structure directing effect of eutectic mixture were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques including XRD, 27Al and 31P MAS NMR, ICP-AES, DR UV-Vis, ESR, XPS, N2 adsorption/desorption, NH3-TPD, SEM, TEM, EDX, CHN elemental analysis, TG-DTA and FT-IR spectra. It was found that the combined effect of the starting precursor and a suitable structure-directing agent yielded an appropriate crystallization system of Fe-LEV molecular sieve, for which choline cations and intact tetraethylammonium bromide molecules were identified to be the structure-directing agents. The calcined Fe-LEV molecular sieve exhibits higher specific surface area and iron content, as well as a medium acidity and special hierarchical structure with both micropores and mesopores, implying that these zeolitic materials have a great potential in some industrially relevant applications.

Nitrogen doped water-hyacinth graphite with little iron (NFe-WHG) is synthesized by using water hyacinth as carbon source, dopamine hydrochloride as N source and Fe(NO3)3 as Fe source. The water hyacinth is carbonized to porous carbon; the addition of Fe increases pore diameter, graphitization degree, total N and pyridinic N content. The characterizations indicate that the doping N contributes great on ORR activity, yet the residual Fe species themselves show inconspicuous catalytic effect on ORR. The NFe-WHG with the above features displays superior ORR activity in alkaline media and comparable ORR activity to commercial Pt/C in acidic media. Due to the graphite matrix and that most of the Fe species have been removed, the NFe-WHG shows excellent stability in both alkaline and acidic media with excellent anti-methanol and anti-CO performances.

Nitrogen doped porous graphite with trace iron and hollow spherical shape is synthesized by using glucose as carbon source, dopamine hydrochloride as N source, Fe(NO3)3 as Fe source and solid core mesoporous shell silica sphere as template. The glucose and dopamine is carbonized to N-doped carbon; the silica template produces porous and hollow shape with much edges or intrinsic defects; and the addition of Fe increases pore diameter, graphitization degree, total N and pyridinic N content. The characterizations confirm that the doping N leads to active sites for oxygen reduction reaction; the Fe forms active N Fe species yet electrochemically unstable, which is removed at last. The intrinsic graphite defect and its synergistic effect with doping N are also believed to favor ORR. The material with the above features corresponds to superior oxygen reduction activity in both alkaline and acidic media to commercial Pt/C. The as-synthesized material with few Fe also shows excellent stability due to the graphitized matrix and little metal with excellent anti-methanol and anti-CO performances. The durability of catalysts is also confirmed by using graphite as counter electrode to exclude the impact of dissolution of Pt counter electrode and its re-deposition on the working electrode.

Biomass-based carbon is gaining increasing attention because it presents a promising prospect for economic growth and social sustainable development. Moreover, it is an excellent medium for application in electromagnetic and electronic devices. Here, puffed-rice-based carbon is obtained at various activating temperatures, and when the hollow bulges on the carbon disappear, the morphology of the carbon changes into sheet-like structures. The R-800 sample displays the highest ID/IG value and demonstrates the best performance when used as both a microwave absorber and an electrode material. The minimum reflection loss (RL) and bandwidth for RL

The difficult separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers in composite photoelectrodes is a decisive factor limiting the efficiencies of semiconductor-based photoelectrochemical water splitting systems. Herein, to further enhance the photoelectrochemical properties of ZnO-based photoanodes, we constructed composite ZnO nanoarray photoanodes with Fe-self-doped lanthanum ferrite (denoted as La1-xFe1+xO3/ZnO NRs), which had the effect of killing two birds with one stone. This improvement strategy differs from the previously popular multi-step modification process, and integrates the dual benefits of a heterojunction and cocatalyst using the same material, the doped LaFeO3, which bypasses the shortcomings of multi-step charge transfer. Gratifyingly, benefitting from the suitable energy bands and excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution activity of La0.9Fe1.1O3, the photoanode exhibits outstanding bulk charge separation and surface charge utilization efficiencies, as well as achieving a photocurrent density that is over three times higher than that of pristine ZnO NRs, with a small onset potential (0.33 V vs. RHE). This electrode modification concept provides guidance for the development of other highly active photoelectrodes.

High-efficiency production of xylene/trimethylbenzene from benzene/toluene with methanol is a potential way to promote the implementation on the coupled cycle development strategy of petrochemical and coal chemical industry and optimize the resource structure. At the same time, relying on the innovation of catalytic new materials, physical chemistry, intelligent capture technology, process engineering, and other principles and methods, p-xylene (PX) and trimethylbenzene (TMB) with higher added value were prepared by C6-8~arene methylation, which could elevate the level of methylation field and improve the competitiveness of the industry. This paper focuses on the one-step methylation reaction of benzene with methanol or toluene with methanol to obtain high-purity p-xylene (BM-PX/TM-PX), and the one-step methylation reaction of xylene with methanol to obtain mesitylene (XM-TMB). The methylation reaction mechanism and the preparation strategy of a high-performance catalyst were reviewed. The high selectivity of PX obtained by precisely controlling the pore size and acid site distribution of zeolites was emphasized. Meanwhile, the current research progress of TMB, the kinetic/thermodynamics of the BM-PX/TM-PX, and XM-TMB methylation reaction were described. Based on a literature research and the conclusion of our research group, the mechanism of methylation reaction process was expounded. Finally, the new research direction of catalysts used and reaction process in methylation reaction were prospected in order to guide the rapid development of this field.

Although HZSM-5 zeolite is more and more widely used in petrochemical industry and other fields, its single narrow micropore system often leads to mass transfer issues during some types of catalytic reactions. In addition, dealumination in the presence of steam and coking due to the presence of strong acids sites are issues of aluminosilicate catalysts in general. In this work, a simple post-treatment method based on the traditional prepared HZSM-5 catalyst was proposed and an outlayer SiO2 encapsulated Gd/HZSM-5 catalyst with hollow and hierarchical porous systems (Si@Gd/Z5-T) was obtained. This catalyst can overcome those defects for the traditional HZSM-5 mentioned above, such as, the outermost SiO2 layer can protect the aluminum species in the framework of Gd/HZSM-5 and cover part of strong acid sites, and the hollow and hierarchical porous systems can minimize the mass transfer resistance, etc. The Si@Gd/Z5-T catalyst exhibited high selectivity of BTX (65.7%), especially xylene (39.7%), in the methanol to aromatics reaction (MTA) owing to the suitable acidity and optimized porous system. In addition, the Si@Gd/Z5-T catalyst possessed much better hydrothermal stability and the excellent anticoking ability in the MTA reaction as expected. Thus, this should be a general method for the modification of silica alumina molecular sieve catalysts to obtain the novel catalyst with hollow and hierarchical porous systems, adjustable acidity and high hydrothermal stability.

A modified solvent-free method has been developed to synthesize FeAPO-5 zeolite catalysts with hierarchical porous structure as well as high crystallinity and iron content. The effects of mechanochemical and low-temperature pretreatment, as well as the addition of hydrogen peroxide and seed crystals on the synthesis of FeAPO-5 were studied in detail. The composition and structural features of relatively pure resultant products were deeply analyzed by XRD, SEM, ICP-AES, CHN analysis, TG–DTA, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and N2 physisorption. Most importantly, low-temperature pretreatment towards H2O2-containing precursor mixtures can to a great degree improve the crystallinity of FeAPO-5 molecular sieve. Significantly, compared to the conventional micron-sized microporous FeAPO-5 zeolite, the hierarchical FeAPO-5 catalysts created by this modified solvent-free method show superior performance in phenol hydroxylation, in which the one with a high content of framework iron species exhibits the best catalytic performance, giving phenol conversion of about 40% and dihydroxybenzene selectivity of up to 80% at 50 °C within 3 h reaction time.

The FeAPO-44 molecular sieve with CHA-type structure has been synthesized under solvent-free conditions. This is the first case that this material was successfully prepared by this novel solvent-free method. Its optimal synthesis conditions were refined. The results show that proper P2O5/Al2O3 ratio, a lower SDA/Al2O3 ratio (SDA: cyclohexylamine) and relatively mild crystallization temperature are more beneficial to the synthesis of pure CHA phase. The structural and compositional characteristics of the relatively pure FeAPO-44 zeolite were studied in depth by XRD, TG-DSC, CHN element analysis, EDS, SEM and N2 physisorption. According to the CHN element analysis, EDS and TG-DSC measurements, the approximate chemical formula of the synthesized sample SDA/Al-1.4 was determined. The catalytic performances of selected samples were investigated in the methanol-to-olefins reaction. The present results imply that many other zeolite topologies may be conveniently prepared by this solvent-free route.

Flexible photodetectors based on vertically stacked PEDOT:PSS/PbS/CsPbCl3 were prepared by a simple low temperature spin-coating method. Due to the synergistic effect, the flexible PEDOT:PSS/PbS/CsPbCl3 photodetectors exhibited a high responsivity of 6.67 A/W and detectivity of 5.78 × 1010 Jones under a relatively low external bias. The photocurrent of a series of continuous-bending shown that the flexible PEDOT:PSS/PbS/CsPbCl3 photodetectors had excellet photocurrent stability and reproducibility. The results indicate that the vertically stacked PEDOT:PSS/PbS/CsPbCl3 architecture has great potential in wearable and portable low-voltage optoelectronic devices.

To synthesize zeolites in a safe and cost-saving manner is the first and the most important task for zeolite application in industry. In the present work, FeAPO-5 aluminophosphate molecular sieve with high iron content was ionothermally synthesized by microwave irradiation at ambient pressure using low dosage of eutectic mixture as the solvent. The influences of seed crystals and mechanochemical pretreatment on the synthesis of FeAPO-5 were investigated in detail. The resultant relatively pure FeAPO-5 molecular sieves were characterized by XRD, ICP-AES, SEM, N2 physisorption and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer, and their catalytic performances were studied using phenol hydroxylation as a probe reaction. The XRD results revealed that pure FeAPO-5 can be readily obtained from mechanochemically pretreated reactants, regardless of whether or not the seed crystals were added. The ICP-AES measurements suggested that only by using specific seed crystals can pure FeAPO-5 molecular sieve with high iron content be synthesized. The SEM analysis implied that seed crystals may play a role of morphology-directing agent in these syntheses. The catalytic results demonstrated that longer pronounced induction period were only observed over those FeAPO-5 catalysts with sole framework iron species. The different catalytic activity among five selected catalysts was largely determined by their different densities of framework iron species, while the selectivity towards dihydroxybenzene was mainly controlled by the diffusion path length. Under given reaction conditions, FeAPO-5 catalyst with up to 6.79 wt% of iron content gave 42.0% dihydroxybenzene yield with a selectivity of 94.1%.

One of the main obstacles that hamper the application of zeolites is the high consumption of expensive structure-directing agent. Herein, we reported the mechanochemisty-mediated solventless synthesis of AlPO4-11 aluminophosphate molecular sieve with low dosage of diisopropylamine (DIPA) as the structure-directing agent. The influences of DIPA/Al2O3 ratio, fluoride ions, seed crystals and high-energy mechanochemical pretreatment on the synthesis of AEL-type zeolite were investigated in detail. Both DIPA and fluoride ions are indispensable for the successful synthesis of AEL phase. The resultant AEL molecular sieves were characterized by XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, CHN elements analysis, and N2 physisorption. The results indicate that the introduction of seed crystals cannot improve the phase purity and crystallinity of the resulting products. On the other hand, high-energy mechanochemical pretreatment not only can affect the morphology of AEL zeolite, but more importantly, can also reduce the consumption of structure-directing agent.

In metal-semiconductor hybrid nanostructures, metal absorbs incident photons and generates hot carriers. The hot carriers are injected into the adjacent semiconductor and subsequently contribute to photocurrent. This process increases the conversion efficiency of optoelectronic devices and provides a new path of photodetectors. In this work, we report an enhanced photodetector by hot holes transfer, which is based on Au nanoparticles decorated p-type Cu

Vertically stacked PEDOT: PSS/PbS/CsPbCl3 phototransistors were fabricated by a low-temperature solution method, the electrical and optoelectrical properties were investaged. The photodetectors based on PEDOT: PSS/PbS/CsPbCl3 phototransistors exhibited a high responsivity of 147.35 A/W, detectivity of 6.77 × 1012 Jones, and signal-to-noise ratio of 102 under a relatively low external bias. The results indicate vertically stacked PEDOT: PSS/PbS/CsPbCl3 architecture is a promising candidate for high-performance broadband photodetection and portable low-voltage optoelectronic devices.