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Osteoarthritis (OA), a widespread degenerative disease characterized by cartilage destruction, has emerged as a public health challenge in the current aging society. In addition to applied steroids and surgery, near-infrared (NIR) sensitive nano-enzyme for the treatment of osteoarthritis through mitochondrial repair and cartilage protection is attractive and promising. In this study, a NIR sensitive multifunctional heterostructure (EGCG (Epigallocatechin gallate) decorated Au-Ag nano-jars (E@Au-Ag)) was introduced as an enzyme-sensitive active nanoplatform for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Molecular biology results indicated that E@Au-Ag possesses intrinsic properties of anti-oxidative stress and was able to reduce the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes by 83.3%. The area of the intra-articular joint cavity injected with E@Au-Ag can be elevated to 46.6 °C under NIR to promote the release of EGCG further to induce cartilage regeneration. X-ray radiography and section staining showed that E@Au-Ag reduced cartilage damage and decreased OARSI scores by approximately 52% after 8 weeks of treatment in a surgically induced OA model. The results demonstrated that this multifunctional enzyme-like nanoplatform with a synergistic NIR sensitive property to facilitate cartilage migration and regeneration repair provides a promising OA treatment strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 1. NIR-sensitive nano-enzyme is gaining much attention in the field of biomedical materials. 2. EGCG decorated Au-Ag nano-heterostructures were utilized as NIR-sensitive nano-enzymes for the treatment of osteoarthritis through mitochondrial repair and cartilage protection. 3. The obtained multifunctional Au-Ag nano-heterostructures are promising for osteoarthritis treatment.

Bacterial infection has been a considerable obstacle for diabetic wound healing. A multifunctional nanoplatform used as nanozyme for bacterial infected diabetic wound is extremely attractive. Therefore, gold nanoclusters modified zirconium-based porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (Au NCs@PCN) were constructed by an

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-induced infection is becoming a huge challenge for clinical treatment, especially for non-healing diabetic wound infections, which increase patient mortality. MRSA infections and delayed wound healing (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) accounted for a higher proportion. Although surgical debridement and continuous use of antibiotics are still the main clinical treatments, new multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform are attractive for MIDW. Thus, in the present study, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) encapsulated in hydrogel (BPQDs@NH) were utilized as nanoplatforms for MIDW treatment to achieve the multifunctional properties of NIR (near infrared) responsiveness, ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation and antibacterial activity. Upon NIR irradiation, the temperature of the BPQDs@NH-treated MIDW area rapidly increased up to 55 °C for sterilization. In vitro experiments showed that BPQDs@NH exerted a synergistic effect on inhibiting MRSA by producing of ROS, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, adenosine triphosphate accumulation and bacterial membrane destruction upon NIR irradiation. The resulting BPQDs@NH achieved an effective sterilization rate of approximately 90% for MRSA. Furthermore, animal experiments revealed that BPQDs@NH achieved an effective closure rate of 95% for MIDW after 12 days by reducing the inflammatory response and regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Meanwhile, intravenous circulation experiments showed good biocompatibility of BPQDs, and no obvious damage to rat major organs was observed. The obtained results indicated that BPQDs@NH achieved the synergistic functions of NIR-responsiveness, ROS generation, and antibacterial activity and promoted wound healing, suggesting that they are promising multifunctional nanoplatforms for MIDW healing. Statement of significance 1. NIR-triggered ROS-generating and antibacterial nanoplatforms are attractive in the wound healing field. 2. In this work, black phosphorus quantum dots encapsulated in a hydrogel were used as a nanoplatform for treating MRSA infected wounds. 3. The obtained materials have achieved an effective sterilization rate for MRSA and effective wound closure rate.

Let $${{\mathbb{T}}_n}$$ be the space of all trigonometric polynomials of degree not greater than n with complex coefficients. Arestov extended the result of Bernstein and others and proved that $${\left\| {(1/n)T_n^\prime } \right\|_p} \leqslant {\left\| {{T_n}} \right\|_p}$$ for 0 ⩽ p ⩽ ∞ and $${T_n} \in {{\mathbb{T}}_n}$$ . We derive the multivariate version of the result of Golitschek and Lorentz $${\left\| {{{\left| {{T_n}\cos \alpha + {1 \over n}\nabla {T_n}\sin \alpha } \right|}_{l_\infty ^{(m)}}}} \right\|_p} \leqslant{\left\| {{T_n}} \right\|_p},\,\,\,\,\,\,\,0 \leqslant p \leqslant\infty $$ for all trigonometric polynomials (with complex coefficients) in m variables of degree at most n.

Let P(z) be a polynomial of degree n which have no zeros in $$|z|< k, k\ge 1$$ . Then it was proved by Govil (J Approx Theory 66:29–35, 1991), for $$1\le s < n$$ , then $$\begin{aligned} \mathop {\text {max}}\limits _{|z|= 1}|P^{(s)}(z)| \le \frac{n (n-1)\ldots (n-s+1)}{1+k^{s}} \left( \mathop {\text {max}}\limits _{|z|= 1}|P(z)|-\mathop {\text {min}}\limits _{|z|= k}|P(z)|\right) . \end{aligned}$$ In this paper, we shall present an generalization of this result and an $$L_{\gamma }$$ analogue of our result, which improve some previous results.

The complex wound environment and abnormalities in self-metabolism of diabetic skin defects lead to impaired angiogenesis, which can easily lead to bacterial infection and increased inflammation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for multifunctional composites with antimicrobial and pro-angiogenic properties to improve the current therapeutic outcomes of diabetic wounds. In this study, we described an EGCG-modified zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) hydrogel (ZnO-EGCG@H) for the treatment of delayed diabetic wounds. In vitro antimicrobial assays showed that ZnO-EGCG@H effectively cleared 95.6% of MRSA and 97% of Amp

Arthritis is a kind of chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which can destroy joint cartilage and bone, leading to joint pain, joint swelling, and limited mobility. Traditional therapies have many side effects or focus too much on anti-inflammation while neglecting joint repair. In this experiment, we combined Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with extracellular vesicles derived from macrophages to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Sustained-release resulted in a significant decrease in chondrocyte expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, a decrease in apoptosis-related proteins Cytochrome C, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bax. Molecular biological analysis showed that extracellular vesicles-encapsulated EGCG (EVs-EGCG) more significantly upregulated type II collagen expression by about 1.8-fold than EGCG alone, which was more beneficial for arthritis repair. Animal experiments revealed that these EGCG-coated extracellular vesicles significantly reduced swelling, decreased synovial hyperplasia, repaired cartilage, and attenuated arthritis-related pathology scores in arthritic rats. Measurement data showed that EVs-EGCG treatment reduced joint swelling by approximately 39.5% in rheumatoid rats. In vitro studies have shown that this EVs-EGCG can increase the expression of cartilage type II collagen and reduce apoptosis of chondrocytes. Moreover, it was demonstrated in vivo experiments to reduce cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis rats, providing a solution for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Photothermal responsive nanoplatforms are attracting for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. Herein, we propose a strategy to prepare IR-780 modified hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanorods as photothermic agents (HAP@IR-780). The results demonstrated that the obtained HAP@IR-780 was photothermal responsive under near-infrared laser irradiation the photothermal conversion efficiency was 69.3%, and it remained photostability after 4 cycles of irradiation. This advantage overcomes the optical instability of IR780. MTT and cellular uptake research proved that HAP@IR-780 was biocompatible in appropriate concentration range (0–20 μg/mL) without laser irradiation. Concentration-dependent internalization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related apoptosis of HAP@IR-780 for MCF-7 cells were observed. Animal experiments showed that the gathered HAP@IR-780 at the tumor site reached a photothermal responsive temperature up to 57.9 °C, which could almost ablate the tumor with volumes as large as 1500 mm3. In general, our photothermal material has good photothermal conversion characteristics, and may have the least safety problems while showing excellent therapeutic effects. Therefore, HAP@IR-780 has a brilliant prospect in the field of tumor photothermal therapy.

In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s economy, more and more engineering construction, project cost management is directly related to the benefits of engineering construction, but there are still many deficiencies in the information management of project cost, which causes serious waste of funds and damages the economic benefits of construction enterprises. Therefore, with the rapid development of computer information technology, the technology is applied to the project cost information management, the traditional form of project cost management information system is reformed, the project cost management information system model is established, and the project cost management information is realized. It changes the dynamic management and schedule investment control based on BIM Technology, and forms the working mode of project members’ collaborative management and cost control. Through the effective management of construction project cost, it can be said that it serves three purposes. In the actual construction project, due to the comprehensive influence of various factors, there are many uncertain factors affecting the project cost.

The development of photothermal responsive and ROS generative nanoplatform is always attracting for cancer therapy. In this work, we propose a strategy of preparation of IR780 loaded gold nanocages using linkage of Pluronic F127 as anticancer nanoplatform (AuNCs-Plu-IR780). The obtained results showed that the AuNCs-Plu-IR780 have IR780 loading efficiency and loading content were 21.7% and 5.66%, respectively. Thermo photographic research proved that the obtained AuNCs-Plu-IR780 were photothermal responsive under near-infrared laser irradiation and remained photostability after several cycles of laser irradiation. This advantage overcomes the optical instability of IR780 and enhances the photothermal efficiency of AuNCs. MTT and cellular uptake research further proved that AuNCs-Plu-IR780 were ROS generative, and the related apoptosis of MCF-7 cells were observed. Animal experiments showed that the gathered AuNCs-Plu-IR780 reached a photothermal responsive temperature up to 89.6 °C at the tumor site, which could almost ablate the tumor with volumes as large as 1500 mm3 without recurrence during a 20 days treatment period. These results confirm that the photothermal responsive and ROS generative AuNCs-Plu-IR780 have a brilliant prospect in the field of cancer photothermal therapy.

Sustained economic growth in China has triggered a surge of energy imports, especially oil imports. This paper investigates the determinants of China's energy import demand by using cointegraiton and VECM techniques. The findings suggest that, in the long run, growth of industrial production and expansion of transport sectors affect China's oil imports, while domestic energy output has a substitution effect. Thus, as the Chinese economy industrializes and the automotive sector expands, China's oil imports are likely to increase. Though China's domestic oil production has a substitution effect on imports, its growth is limited due to scarce domestic reserve and high exploration costs. It is anticipated that China will be more dependent on overseas oil supply regardless of the world oil price.

A symbol of China’s economic integration into the global economy is its progressive engagement in international commodity trade, with an increasing scale and intensity. From 1992 to 2005, the average growth rate of China’s total trade was 18.5 per cent per annum — twice as high as the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) in the same period. China’s total trade reached US$1.76 trillion in 2006, with a trade dependency ratio (defined as the ratio of total trade over its GDP) rising to about 68 per cent by the national account measures (UNCTAD 2006). Among this increasing trade, China’s engagement in the so-called international fragmentation of production — namely, ‘cross-border dispersion of component production/assembly within vertically integrated manufacturing industries’ (Feenstra 1998; Jones and Kierzkowski 2005) — has become an increasingly important form of its economic integration into the regional as well as the global economy.

Sustained economic growth in China has triggered a surge of energy imports, especially oil imports. This paper investigates the determinants of China’s energy import demand by using cointegraiton and VECM techniques. The findings suggest that, in the long run, growth of industrial production and expansion of transport sectors affect China’s oil imports, while domestic energy output has a substitution effect. Thus, as the Chinese economy industrializes and the automotive sector expands, China’s oil imports are likely to increase. Though China’s domestic oil production has a substitution effect on imports, its growth is limited due to scarce domestic reserve and high exploration costs. It is anticipated that China will be more dependent on overseas oil supply regardless of the world oil price.