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Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is one of the most common and deadly human malignancies worldwide. LncRNAs play significant roles in the occurrence and development of various cancers. LncRNA SNHG11 (SNHG11) has been found to display high expression in serum of PC patients, which implies that dysregulated SNHG11 may be related to development of PC. However, there is still a knowledge gap concerning the specific function and molecular mechanism of SNHG11 in PC. After conducting experiments with constructed models in vitro or in vivo, we found that exosomal SNHG11 promoted cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis but impeded cell apoptosis in PC in vitro, and additionally, it facilitated tumor growth in vivo. Exosome-mediated SNHG11 regulated expression of VEGFA through sponging miR-324-3p. Rescue assays validated that the inhibitory effect of SNHG11 depletion on cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis could be reversed by miR-324-3p down-regulation or VEGFA up-regulation, and the promoting effect of SNHG11 silence on cell apoptosis could be rescued by transfection of miR-324-3p inhibitor or pcDNA3.1-VEGFA. To conclude, exosomal-mediated SNHG11 could regulate PC progression via miR-324-3p/VEGFA axis. Our findings may provide a novel insight for understanding PC, which might contribute to development of potential PC biomarker. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Organic small-molecule fluorescent chromophores have become essential to modern chemical, biological, and materials related investigations. Herein, a straightforward synthesis and subsequent borylation were presented to form a novel family of bisBF2-anchoring acyl-pyridinylhydrazine, which we named BOAPH. The chromophore enjoys outstanding structural diversities owing to varied acyl chlorides and N-heteroarenylhydrazides. These resultant BOAPH dyes are confirmed by NMR, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Their spectroscopic properties were studied, and most of the strong absorbance and bright fluorescence with maximum wavelengths centered in the range of 400 and 650 nm. More importantly, they exhibit promising fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.79 in solution and solid states, good photostability, and large Stokes shifts. Furthermore, a respective BOAPH dye with a para-dimethylaminophenyl group exhibited the interesting ability of ultrafast staining and two-photon imaging, which can specifically label lipid droplets of living cells immediately without the need for incubation.

Tetracoordinated organoboron dyes exhibiting strong fluorescence in either solution or the solid state are currently receiving much attraction in view of their photovoltaic, optoelectronic, and biological applications. Herein, a series of aromatic-ring-fused BOPPY dyes have been developed by one-pot condensation of formylated isoindoles or indoles and pyridinylhydrazine followed by subsequent borylation coordination. The facile synthesis provides excellent diversity of these unsymmetrical α-benzo- and β-benzothiophene-fused BOPPY dyes with intriguing photophysical properties owing to their rigid and planar structure and extended π-conjugation while containing a reactive site. They display intense green to orange fluorescence in solution and red-to-near-infrared emission in the solid state, with high fluorescence quantum yields up to 92 and 21%, respectively, relatively large Stokes shifts, and excellent photostability. Furthermore, two representative benzo-fused BOPPY probes with morpholine or benzenesulfonamide groups were developed and used to selectively "light up" the subcellular organelles such as lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum under ultralow concentration, respectively.

A new family of N2O-type hydrazine-containing bipyrrole boron complexes has been developed via a one-pot condensation of formylisoindole, hydrazine, and various organoboronic acids. Because of the conformation-restricted coplanar structure and the axial-substituted aryl groups, these novel dyes show deep-red absorption, bright near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence in both solution and solid states, and good solubility in organic solvents. The derivative with pyridinium ions also has been synthesized as an NIR mitochondrially targetable fluorescent probe.

A new class of tailor-made push-pull isoindole fluorophores has been synthesized through the combination of Suzuki coupling and Knoevenagel reactions. The efficient synthetic strategy rendered the isoindole scaffold as the π-bridge and the isolation spacer and provided dyes bearing various types of electron donors and electron acceptors for manipulating their energy gaps and tuning their absorptions and emissions. Most of the

A new family of pyrrolyl–acylhydrazones anchored with two BF2 units, named BOAPY, have been developed as BODIPY-like and unsymmetrical bis(BF2) chromophores via a simple one-pot reaction. The easil...

Organic small-molecule fluorescent chromophores have become essential to modern chemical, biological, and materials related investigations. Herein, a straightforward synthesis and subsequent borylation were presented to form a novel family of bisBF

A new family of N

A new family of difluoroboronate anchored acylhydrozones, named BOAHY, have been developed as green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogues via a simple one-pot two-step reaction in moderate to good yields. They were well characterized by NMR, HRMS, X-ray crystallography and various spectroscopic techniques. These BOAHYs are weakly fluorescent in their solutions but emit brightly in the powder and film states across the entire visible region, with a maximum fluorescence quantum yield of 62%. They also exhibit notable aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active features. Photoisomerization transformation under strong UV light irradiation at 365 nm as well as the viscosity-dependent fluorescence changes, indicate that the restriction of the intramolecular free rotation of the single bonds at the periphery is the main cause for the novel AIE process of these BOAHYs. In addition, the Z/E photoisomerization was studied for their potential application as photoswitching materials. UV light irradiation at 365 nm caused obvious fluorescence changes, and the photoisomerization was found to be reversible in a dark environment, which paves a new way for creating fluorescent photoswitches based on these planar conformations.

Conjugated molecules with coplanar strong donor and acceptor (D-A) units have been widely used in the design of near-infrared (NIR) photothermal agents to increase an absorption band through intramolecular charge transfer and to control intramolecular motions in aggregated states. However, such conjugated D-A systems have strong dipolar moments and intermolecular interactions, which may inhibit other channels of photothermal conversion and are often susceptible to nucleophiles, especially in the presence of light irradiation. Now, we report a molecular guideline to develop novel NIR organic photothermal nanoagents based on conjugated boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) oligomers. This oligomerization is helpful not only for their tunable NIR absorptions in the ground state with distinctly redshifted absorption maxima up to 1002 nm and high extinction coefficients but also for their highly efficient photothermal conversion because of the possible motion of the BODIPY motifs around the ethene linked group in the excited state. These oligomers were fabricated as ultra-photostable nanoagents for multiple imaging-guided phototherapies, which efficiently accumulated in tumors, and gave complete tumor ablation with NIR laser irradiation. This strategy of "ground-state conjugation, excited-state rotation" provides a novel guideline to develop advanced theranostic molecules with NIR absorption.

A new family of pyrrolyl-acylhydrazones anchored with two BF

The abnormal change of lipid droplets (LDs) polarity has been believed to be closely associated with many diseases such as fatty liver. Thus, the detection of LDs polarity plays a particular role in the diagnosis of LDs polarity-related diseases. Herein, two isoindole-based fluorescent probes have been derived and they show evident solvatochromic effects, large two-photon absorption cross-section, LDs-specificity, and high photostability and excellent performance in monitoring LDs-polarity changes in living cells. Owing to the existence of intramolecular charge transfer process, these isoindole-based probes exhibited high sensitivity between the emission wavelength maxima and solvent polarity. In spite of that, they maintained high fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.87. Moreover, the detection of LDs-polarity was demonstrated in living cells via confocal laser scanning fluorescence imaging. Importantly, the isoindole-based probe maintained strong fluorescence with high contrast and clarity after seven days of degradation in a zebrafish model, indicating that it is photostable enough and suitable for long-term tracking and observation of biological dynamic changes. All these features render the isoindole chromophore an effective implement for the diagnosis of LDs polarity-related diseases.