Search

The (anti)neutrino nucleus scattering plays a very important role in probing the hadronic structure as well as the electroweak phenomenologies. To this end, we calculate the jet production semi-inclusive deeply inelastic (anti)neutrino nucleus scattering process. The initial (anti)neutrino is assumed to be scattered off by a target particle with spin 1. Due to the limitation of the factorization theorem, calculations are carried out in the quantum chromodynamics parton model framework up to tree level twist-3. We consider both the neutral current and the charged current processes and write them into a unified form due to the similar interaction forms. Considering the angular modulations and polarizations of the cross section, we calculate the complete azimuthal asymmetries. We also calculate the intrinsic asymmetries which reveal the imbalance in the distribution of the intrinsic transverse momentum of the quark. We find that these asymmetries can be expressed in terms of the transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs) and the electroweak couplings. With the determined couplings, these asymmetries can be used to extract the TMD PDFs and further to study the hadronic structures., 8 figures

Background A low survival rate is one of the main challenges in fat grafting. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate whether microfat obtained by a novel strategy promoted the survival and retention of fat grafts. Methods A 5-mm-diameter blunt tip cannula with large side holes (~30 mm2/hole) was used to obtain macrofat. A novel strategy based on a newly invented extracorporeal cutting device was then used to cut the macrofat into microfat, which was named adipose-derived progenitor cell enrichment fat (AER fat); Coleman fat was used as the control. Aliquots (0.5 mL) of both types of fat were transplanted into 10 nude mice and analyzed 10 weeks later. Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the AER fat characteristics and underlying mechanisms. Results The retention rate of fat grafts in AER fat–treated animals was significantly higher than that in the Coleman group (mean [standard deviation] 54.6% [13%] vs 34.8% [9%]; P Conclusions AER fat transplantation is a potential strategy to improve the survival and long-term retention of fat grafts. AER fat contained more dipeptidyl peptidase-4–expressing progenitor cells.

Heavy Majorana neutrinos beyond the standard model can simultaneously explain the origin of tiny neutrino masses and matter-antimatter asymmetry in our Universe. The existence of heavy Majorana neutrinos will also lead to lepton number violation and the rare lepton-number-violating $W$ decays are possible. With contributions from two different Majorana neutrinos, a nonzero CP asymmetry may be generated from the rate difference between $W$ decay and its CP-conjugate process. The aim of this paper is to investigate the prospects for measuring CP violation in rare $W$ decays via Majorana neutrinos at the LHC. Our calculations show that the induced CP asymmetry is independent of the Majorana neutrino mass for $10~ \rm GeV < m_N < 70 ~\rm GeV$. Such a CP asymmetry if observed, would in turn provide unambiguous evidence of new physics beyond the standard model., 15 pages,6 Figures, 1 Table

Mg3B2O6 is a typical microwave dielectric ceramic with a high Qf value, but the pure Mg3B2O6 ceramic is difficult to be obtained due to the volatilization of B2O3 resulting from the high temperature during the fabrication process. We reveal the effects of Mg/B ratio and Sr2+ substitution for Mg2+ on the phase composition, sintering behavior, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of Mg3B2O6. The pure Mg3B2O6 ceramic can be obtained with Mg/B ratio equal to 1.2. Proper excessive free-MgO is benefit to the improvement of Qf value of Mg3B2O6, while it is detrimental to the densification of Mg3B2O6. No second phase was detected in the Sr2+ substituted Mg3B2O6 and excellent microwave dielectric properties (er = 6.9, Qf = 110820 GHz, and τf = -32.4 ppm/°C at 12.8 GHz) were obtained in the (Mg0.998Sr0.002)3B2O6 (x = 0.2 mol.%) ceramic sample sintered at 1250 °C for 3h, making it a hopeful candidate for wireless communications. These results bring forward the underlying insights needed to direct the design of microwave dielectric ceramics with high Qf values for personal communication applications.

A low-cost (Mg1-xCax)3B2O6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 mol.%) (MCxB) microwave dielectric ceramic was prepared by solid-state method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and vector network analyzer were adopted to characterize the phase composition, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of the as-fabricated MCxB ceramics. All the MCxB (x = 0–1.0 mol.%) ceramic samples exhibit the singe orthorhombic structure corresponding to Mg3B2O6 (JCPDS 75–1807). Excellent microwave dielectric properties (er = 6.8, Q × f = 103,556 GHz, τf = − 34.5 ppm/°C at 12.6 GHz) were obtained in the MC0.002B (x = 0.2 mol.%) ceramic sintered at 1250 °C for 3 h, making it a prospective candidate for the practical application in portable terminal and wireless communications.

The tiny neutrino masses can be explained naturally by extending the standard model with right-handed Majorana neutrinos in a low-scale seesaw mechanism, and the CP violation effect induced by the Majorana phase is interesting and worth studying at colliders. In this paper, we investigate the prospects for measuring CP violation in top quark pair production and rare decay via Majorana neutrinos at the LHC. The CP asymmetry stems from the significant interference of contributions from two different Majorana neutrinos and can be appreciable when the two neutrino masses are nearly degenerate. It is found that in the Majorana neutrino mass range of 10 GeV

The sintering behaviors and dielectric properties of the Li2MgTiO4 ceramics at microwave frequency were investigated as a function of BaCu(B2O5) in this paper. The addition of BaCu(B2O5) dramatically decreased the sintering temperature of Li2MgTiO4 ceramics from 1250 to 900 °C. No secondary phase was detected and single phase Li2MgTiO4 with NaCl structure in the 1.0–4.0 wt% BaCu(B2O5) doped Li2MgTiO4 ceramics was confirmed, while a small amount of BaCu(B2O5) phase was found in the 8.0 wt% BaCu(B2O5) doped Li2MgTiO4 ceramics. No much deterioration of dielectric properties at microwave frequency of the BaCu(B2O5) doped Li2MgTiO4 ceramics sintered at 900 °C for 3 h occurs and favorable dielectric properties (er = 15.8, Qf = 74,790 GHz and τf = − 24.3 ppm/°C) at microwave frequency were obtained for the Li2MgTiO4 ceramics with 4.0 wt% BaCu(B2O5) addition. Accordingly, such a favorable 4.0 wt% BaCu(B2O5)-doped Li2MgTiO4 ceramic might be a potential candidate material for LTCC applications.

The heavy singlet Majorana neutrinos are introduced to generate the neutrino mass in the so-called phenomenological type-I seesaw mechanism. The phenomena induced by the heavy Majorana neutrinos are important to search for new physics. In this paper, we explore the heavy Majorana neutrino production and decay at future $e^{-}p$ colliders. The corresponding cross sections via $W$ and photon fusion are predicted for different collider energies. Combined with the results of the heavy Majorana neutrino production via single $W$ exchange, this work can provide helpful information to search for heavy Majorana neutrinos at future $e^{-}p$ colliders., 15 pages, 16 figures

BaCu(B2O5) is a typical microwave dielectric ceramic (MDC) with a low sintering temperature, but it exhibits a large negative temperature coefficient of resonant-frequency (τf) which makes it difficult to use in wireless communications. We employ TiO2 to improve its temperature-stability of resonant-frequency, and reveal the effects of TiO2 on the densification and the microwave dielectric properties of BaCu(B2O5). Here we show that BaCu(B2O5) can be well-sintered at 825 °C with proper TiO2 additions; we find that the TiO2 grains homogeneously distribute in the boundaries of BaCu(B2O5) grains, resulting in the τf compensation of BaCu(B2O5). Enhanced temperature-stability of resonant-frequency can be achieved by increasing the content of TiO2 properly. A novel temperature-stable (1-x)BaCu(B2O5)–xTiO2 (x = 0.20) MDC (τf =−0.8 ± 3.0 ppm/°C, er = 8.8 ± 0.36, Q×f = 28,612 ± 1170 GHz) is obtained using some low-cost raw materials. Our results provide the underlying insights needed to guide the design of temperature-stable MDCs for wireless communication applications.

The Higgs sector of the standard model can be extended by introducing an $SU(2)_L$ Higgs triplet $\Delta$ to generate the tiny neutrino masses in the framework of type-II seesaw mechanism. In this paper, we study the pair production of the introduced Higgs triplet at future $e^{-}p$ colliders. The corresponding production cross sections via vector boson fusion process at FCC-ep and ILC$\otimes$FCC are predicted, where the production of a pair of doubly charged Higgs is found to be dominant and then used to investigate the collider phenomenology of the Higgs triplet. Depending on the size of the Higgs triplet vacuum expectation value, the doubly charged Higgs may decay into a pair of same-sign charged leptons or a pair of same-sign $W$ bosons. In order to explore the discovery potential of the doubly charged Higgs at future $e^{-}p$ colliders, we discuss these two decay scenarios in detail and show respectively the detection sensitivity on the mass of the doubly charged Higgs., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures

We investigate charged-current neutrino-nucleus deep inelastic scattering with particular interests in relationship of short range correlation (SRC) and EMC effect. The structure functions $F^A_2(x,Q^2)$, $x F^A_3(x,Q^2)$ and ratios of differential cross sections are presented where the nuclei $A$ are chosen to be carbon, iron and lead. We propose a kind of universal modification functions which would provide a nontrivial test of SRC universality on the platform of neutrino-nucleus scattering and improve our understanding of nucleon structure substantially., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures

To investigate the effects of H为探索低温胁迫下外源硫化氢(H

Dark sector may couple to the Standard Model via one or more mediator particles. We discuss two types of mediators: the dark photon $A^{\prime}$ and the dark scalar mediator $\phi$. The total cross-sections and various differential distributions of the processes $e^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow q \bar{q} A^{\prime}$ and $e^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow q \bar{q} \phi$ ($q=u,~d,~c,~s$ and $b$ quarks) are discussed. We focus on the study of the invisible $A^{\prime}$ due to the cleaner background at future $e^{+} e^{-}$ colliders. It is found that the kinematic distributions of the two-jet system could be used to identify (or exclude) the dark photon and the dark scalar mediator, as well as to distinguish between them. We further study the possibility of a search for dark photons at a future CEPC experiment with $\sqrt{s}=$ 91.2 GeV and 240 GeV. With CEPC running at $\sqrt{s}=$ 91.2 GeV, it would be possible to perform a decisive measurement of the dark photon (20 GeV $< m_{A^{\prime}}, Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Chinese Physics C

Surface broadband emissivity in the thermal infrared region is an important parameteras for the studies of the surface energy balance. This paper analyzed and offered an equation to estimate the surface broadband emissivity for the spectral domains 8～14 μm against the MODIS data, and then, the distribution characteristic of surface emissivity for Taklimakan Desert was obtained with this equation. Firstly, along two highways crossing the Taklimakan Desert, twenty sample sites were selected and their spectral of broadband emissivity were observed with Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Secondly, using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) land surface temperature and emissivity product MOD11A1 and MOD11C1, derived emissivities in three thermal infrared channels 29 (8.4～8.7 μm), 31 (10.78～11.28 μm) and 32 (11.77～12.27 μm) and MODIS surface reflectance products MOD09A1, derived reflectance in near-infrared channel 7 (2.105～2.155 μm), developing an empirical regression equation to convert these spectral emissivities and reflectance to a broadband emissivity. The FTIR data were used to determine the coefficients of the regression equation, another part of FTIR data were used to investigate the accuracy of equation. It was found that the equation consist of MODIS channels 29, 31 and 32 has more accuracy; furthermore, the accuracy is improved when channel 7 data was added in the regression equation. The root mean square error (RMSE) and Bias were 0.004 5 and 0.000 1, respectively. Comparing to other six equations originated from literatures, which also estimate the surface broadband emissivity from narrowband emissivities. The RMSE and Bias of our equation are lower one order and two orders of magnitude than other six equations, respectively. Lastly, our equation is applied in the Taklimakan Desert area to build a distribution image of emissivity based on MODIS data. It demonstrates that the emissivity of Taklimakan Desert is in the range of 0.880～0.910 over the central regions, the averaged value is 0.906; The emissivity is in the range of 0.910～0.940 where the areas covered by spare vegetation; The emissivity is in range of 0.950～0.980 where the regions near to the oasis.

A modeling study with the GOCART dust emission scheme and ACM2 PBL scheme implemented into an air quality model WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry) was conducted to simulate a typical dust event over the Tarim basin that occurred on 27 April to 1 May 2015. There were strong wind injects into Tarim Basin accompanied by a cold frontal system driving dust emission and transport for a dust storm. The dust storm event over the Tarim basin could be classified into three processes with 1)the westerly wind from the Pamirs Plateau, 2)the cold air invasion from the northeast basin and 3)the northerly cold air crossing the Tianshan Mountains into the basin. This simulation depicted the three-dimensional structure of dust aerosols in the typical sandstorm over the Tarim Basin, Northwest China.

Excessive scars affect a patient's quality of life, both physically and psychologically, by causing pruritus, pain and contractures. Because there is a poor understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the processes of hypertrophic scar formation, most therapeutic approaches remain clinically unsatisfactory. In this study, we found that miR-138 was downregulated and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARβ) was inversely upregulated in hypertrophic scar tissues compared to in paired normal skin tissues. Using a dual-luciferase assay, we validated that miR138 directly targets PPARβ and regulates its expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. In gain-and-loss experiments, we found that miR-138/PPARβ signaling regulated human hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation and movement, and affected scarring-related protein expression, which suggests that miR-138/PPARβ signaling is important for hypertrophic scarring. Thus, our study provides evidence to help determine whether miR-138/PPARβ signaling may be a potential target for hypertrophic scarring management.

To explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality among the elderly in Beijing.This analysis was based on the Beijing multidimensional longitudinal study of aging (BLSA), which included 2,090 subjects over 55 years old and was followed-up from 1992 to 2012. BMI-mortality curves were drawn to find the optimal BMI range with the lowest mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) for BMI and BMI changes in the overall population and in specific stratified populations.During follow-up, 1,164 deaths were recorded; BMI-mortality curve was U-shaped, with the lowest mortality at a BMI of approximately 25 kg/m2. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking, drinking and some pre-existing diseases, HRs for underweight, overweight and obesity compared with normal weight were 1.372 (95% CI: 1.154-1.631), 0.767 (95% CI: 0.666-0.884) and 0.871 (95% CI: 0.830-1.246), respectively. HR for BMI drop was 3.245 (95% CI: 0.824-12.772) in the underweight group and 1.892 (95% CI: 0.830-1.246) in the normal weight group, HR for BMI rise was 1.795 (95% CI: 1.243-2.591) in normal weight group and 1.962 (95% CI: 1.202-3.203) in the overweight group.Keeping BMI in an overweight status and stable is related to a reduced mortality.

A scroll expander is applied to a compressed air energy storage system in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency. Based on the geometric model, mass conservation equation, ideal gas equation and energy conservation equation, a mathematical model of the scroll expander is developed in order to describe the variation mechanism of the volume, mass, pressure and temperature of the air in different chambers. A prototype is constructed and tested to verify the simulation model. The mathematical model is implemented in Matlab and verified by comparing the simulation with the experimental results. The simulation agrees well with the experimental results.

Vector operation of one-cycle controlled matrix rectifier A novel vector operated one-cycle control matrix rectifier (OCC-MR) is proposed in this paper. Matrix rectifier (MR) is a generalized buck three-phase AC-DC converter with four-quadrant operation capability. MR can also be the front-stage circuit of AC-DC-AC equivalent structure of MC. One-cycle control (OCC) is a nonlinear control technique, which integrates modulation algorithm and control strategy. By applying OCC to current control loop, the OCC-MR achieves balance only in a switching cycle, and realizes unitary input power factor. Furthermore, vector operation of OCC results in minimum switching losses. In order to make up for the insufficiency of OCC on load disturbance suppression, a PID controller is added onto output voltage control to improve load regulation. The OCC-MR features great simplicity, fast dynamic response and good immunity on input disturbance. On the basis of theoretical analysis, a systematic simulation of OCC-MR is implemented by means of Matlab/Simulink. Both static state performance and dynamic state performance of OCC-MR are discussed deeply. The simulation results have proved theoretical analysis of the vector operation of OCC-MR, and the control effects are satisfactory.

To maintain the outlet temperature at the desired set-point, a high-order outlet temperature control model is established for a water condenser, and different PID controller design methods are applied to its temperature control process. The control function model is based on the analysis of the heat balance equation and the heat transfer rate equation. The design process of three different PID control methods, including Ziegler-Nichols Method, Modified Ziegler–Nichols Formula and the Optimum PID Controller, together with the unit step response consequence are provided and compared, and the numerical simulation results show that the Optimum PID Controller has a favorable control performance.

To maintain the outlet temperature at the desired set-point, a high-order outlet temperature control model is established for a shell-and–tube heat exchanger, which is based on the analysis of its heat transfer process and dynamic properties .The Optimal PID control is applied to the temerature control system on the basis of this model, and the tuning parameters of the PID controller are obtained by numerical solving of a formulated optimization problem using Matlab/Simulink. An experimental control system is set up to testify the effect of the optimal PID control. The simulation result and the practice show that the control system has a favorable control performance.

The composite materials TiN/3Y-TZP, 3Y-TZP doped by TiN with different contents and particle sizes, were fabricated through the same hot-pressing techniques. Compared with 3Y-TZP, the low temperature degradation resistance of TiN/3Y-TZP aged at the temperature from 170°C to 350°C in air for 50 h was investigated in virtue of XRD and SEM in the experiment. For TiN/3Y-TZP and 3Y-TZP, the maximum aging rate all occurs at 220°C. The addition of TiN can availably improve the low temperature degradation resistance of 3Y-TZP at different aging temperatures, but cannot change the relationship between the aging rate and the aging temperature. For TiN/3Y-TZP, the matrix particle size is the key factor responsible for its low temperature degradation resistance.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to be a potent mitogen for epidermal cells both in vitro and in vivo, thus contributing to the development of an organism. It has recently become clear that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) expression and activation is involved in the cell proliferation. However, little is known about the role of PPARbeta/delta in EGF-induced proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes. In this study, HaCaT cells were cultured in the presence and absence of EGF and we identified that EGF induced an increase of PPARbeta/delta mRNA and protein level expression in time-dependent and dose-dependent manner, and AG1487, an EGF receptor (EGFR) special inhibitor, caused attenuation of PPARbeta/delta protein expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that EGF significantly increased PPARbeta/delta binding activity in HaCaT keratinocytes. Antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (asODNs) against PPARbeta/delta caused selectively inhibition of PPARbeta/delta protein content induced by EGF and significantly attenuated EGF-mediated cell proliferation. Treatment of the cells with L165041, a specific synthetic ligand for PPARbeta/delta, significantly enhanced EGF-mediated cell proliferation. Finally, c-Jun ablation inhibited PPARbeta/delta up-regulation induced by EGF, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that c-Jun bound to the PPARbeta/delta promoter and the binding increased in EGF-stimulated cells. These results demonstrate that EGF induces PPARbeta/delta expression in a c-Jun-dependent manner and PPARbeta/delta plays a vital role in EGF-stimulated proliferation of HaCaT cells.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis. Our recent studies found that EGF-attenuated tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced HaCaT keratinocyte apoptosis, and this effect was accompanied by up-regulation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta (PPARbeta). However, little is known about whether PPARbeta is functionally involved in the inhibition of keratinocyte apoptosis by EGF. Here, we showed that EGF up-regulated the DNA-binding and transcriptional regulation activities of PPARbeta. Antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides against PPARbeta markedly inhibited de novo synthesis of PPARbeta and attenuated the protective effect of EGF on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis. L165041, a specific PPARbeta ligand, significantly enhanced the transcriptional regulation activity of PPARbeta and increased the protective effect of EGF. These results suggest a molecular mechanism by which EGF protects HaCaT keratinocytes against apoptosis in a PPARbeta-dependent manner.

Textured SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) ceramics were fabricated by templated grain growth (TGG) method. The plated-like SBN particles with shape anisotropy prepared by molten salt method were used as the templates. The SBN powders prepared by conventional solid (CS) reaction were used as matrix powders. It was found that the textured SBN ceramics can be obtained by TGG method. The grain orientation (Lotgering factor, f) increased with the increase of sintering temperature and content of the templates. The textured SBN ceramics with f=0.86 could then be obtained after sintering at 1300 °C for 3 h with 20wt.% templates. The relative density keeps rising with increasing temperature until it reaches a peak value 91.22% at the sintering temperature 1300°C, after which it decreases.

The cubic pyrochlore phase Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7 nanopowder was successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method (HTM) from the starting materials: Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, ZnO, Nb2O5 and the mineralizer: KOH. The XRD patterns prove that the cubic pyrochlore phase Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7 nanopowder can be obtained by HTM, and TEM photographs show that the powders present the regularly granular shape, when the hydrothermal reactions were conducted at synthesis temperatures 140~220°C and reaction time for 6~48h. The crystalline sizes of the powders were calculated by the Scherrer equation to be about 43~49nm. The crystalline sizes decreased both with the increase in synthesis temperature and the prolonged reaction time until they reached to the minimum size about 43nm at 220°C for 24h.However, they tended to increase when the reaction time was above 24h.

Titanium cranioplasty is one of the well-established and widely used techniques for repairing cranial defects. In this paper, we present an improved way to design and create titanium meshes with more evaluation process. Computed tomography scan data of patients were used to create three-dimensional virtual models. Implants were designed with NX ImageWare 13.2 (Siemens PLM Software, Plano, TX). Final titanium meshes were assessed by Geomagic Studio 12 (Geomagic, Inc., Morrisville, NC) and NX ImageWare 13.2.Titanium meshes were designed and applied to cranioplasty surgery on 8 patients. Postoperative results were evaluated by computed tomography scanning and further analyzed with rainbow difference tomography. All patients were satisfied with the outcome. With this method, surgeons, engineers, and patients work together to evaluate and edit implant design. Our method provides better communication and comprehensive evaluation, which result in a satisfying outcome.

A systematic review was undertaken, including studies that evaluated the incidence of the blood system adverse events of Tripterygium wilfordii (TWP). Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched for relevant studies, including RCT, cohort studies and case series, of patients treated with TWP published in English and Chinese from inception up until May 25th, 2013 with the keywords including "Tripterygium wilfordii", "toxicity", "reproductive", "side effect", "adverse", "safety" and "tolerability". Relevant information was extracted and the incidence of the blood system adverse events was pooled with MetaAnalyst software. Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on age, mode of medicine, observation time and disease system. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 49 articles were included in the meta-analysis, they were split into 54 researches incorporated in the analysis. There is a large degree of heterogeneity among the studies, so data was analyzed using random-effects model and the summary estimates of incidence of the blood system adverse events was 6.1%. The weighted combined incidence of three major blood system adverse events were white-blood cells decreasing 5.6% (95% CI, 4.3% - 7.3%), hemoglobin decreasing 1.7% (95% CI, 0.5% - 5.0%) and platelet decreasing 1.8% (95% CI, 1.0% - 3.1%), respectively . Sensitivity analyses based on 45 studies with high quality showed the combined value was close to the summary estimate of total 54 studies. The current evidence indicates that the incidence of the blood system adverse events induced by TWP was high; attentions should be paid on to the prevention and treatment of the blood system adverse events.

The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is often abundant in human cancer and it is associated with poor prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate its regulation by microRNA (miRNA). The expression of miRNA-199a-5p (miR-199a-5p) in melanoma was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on samples from 25 melanoma patients. The target of miR-199a-5p was predicted and demonstrated by a dual‑luciferase reporter system. The effects of miR-199a-5p on melanoma cells were assayed in B16 and HME1 melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, the potential of miR‑199a‑5p as a therapeutic target was illustrated in xenograft nude mice models. Low expression of miR‑199a‑5p in tumor melanoma tissue samples from patients was associated with high histological grade and advanced tumor stage. The 3'-untranslated region of HIF‑1α was identified as a target of miR‑199a‑5p by Targetscan software. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR‑199a‑5p transfection of mimics decreased the luciferase activity significantly (P

To estimate the relationship between migration and HIV risky behavior when controlling for gender, age, and educational levels and to evaluate the gender differences in migration, HIV knowledge, and HIV risky behaviors among rural youth in China.A cross-sectional, anonymous, investigative questionnaire for 1710 unmarried, out-of-school rural youth, aged between 15 and 24 years, was handed out in Gongzhuling county of Jilin province, China.58.5% of participants had a history of migration, irrespective of gender. There were gender differences observed in other factors such as drug abuse (4.3% for males and 5.5% for females, P0.01), multiple sexual partners (24.1% for males and 44.1% for females, P0.01), and HIV knowledge rate (35.2% for males and 25.5% for females, P0.001). While controlling for gender, age, and educational levels, the relationships between migration and drug abuse, selling sex, and non usage of condoms during last instance of sexual activity were found to be significant. The cases of premarital sex and multiple sexual partners were both not found to be related to migration.Among rural youth, the HIV risky behavior such as drug abuse, selling sex, and lack of condom use, is significantly related to migration, while premarital sex and multiple sexual partners seem unrelated to migration.

To summarize the clinical experience for the reconstruction of upper lip defects in different degrees.Different treatment methods were selected to reconstruct the upper lip defects according to the subunit, size or location of defects on the upper lip. The therapeutic results were analyzed and compared.From Jan. 1998 to Apr. 2012, 243 cases with upper lip defects were treated, including 85 cases of traumatic defects, 110 cases of defects secondary to lip cleft and 48 cases of defects after tumor resection. 48 cases were treated with direct closure, 69 cases with cross-lip flaps, 5 Cases with orbicularis oris muscle flaps, 53 cases with unilateral labial flaps, 42 cases with bilateral labial flaps, 22 cases with lower lip flaps, and 1 case with forehead flap, 1 case with forearm flap and 2 with nasolabial fold flaps. The patients were followed up for 3-18 months with satisfactory results.Satisfactory results could be achieved for upper lip defects with appropriate treatment methods according to the defects degree and characters.

This study aimed to provide an epidemiological modeling method to evaluate the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) development in the coming 5 years among 35-74 year-olds from Taiwan.A cohort of 13 973 subjects aged 35-74 years who did not have metabolic syndrome but took the initial testing during 1997-2006 was formed to derive a risk score which tended to predict the incidence of MS. Multivariate logistic regression was used to derive the risk functions and using the 'check-up center' (Taipei training cohort)as the overall cohort. Rules based on these risk functions were evaluated in the remaining three centers (as testing cohort). Risk functions were produced to detect the MS on a training sample using the multivariate logistic regression models. Started with those variables that could predict the MS through univariate models, we then constructed multivariable logistic regression models in a stepwise manner which eventually could include all the variables. The predictability of the model was evaluated by areas under curve (AUC) the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) followed by the testification of its diagnostic property on the testing sample. Once the final model was defined, the next step was to establish rules to characterize 4 different degrees of risks based on the cut points of these probabilities, after being transformed into normal distribution by log-transformation.At baseline, the range of the proportion of MS was 23.9% and the incidence of MS in 5-years was 11.7% in the non-MS cohort. The final multivariable logistic regression model would include ten risk factors as: age, history of diabetes, contractive pressure, fasting blood-glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index and blood uric acid. AUC was 0.827(95% CI: 0.814-0.839) that could predict the development of MS within the next 5 years. The curve also showed adequate performance in the three tested samples, with the AUC and 95% CI as 0.813 (0.789-0.837), 0.826 (0.800-0.852) and 0.794 (0.768-0.820), respectively. After labeling the degrees of the four risks, it was showed that over 17.6% of the incidence probability was in the population under mediate risk while over 59.0% of them was in the high risk group, respectively.Both predictability and reliability of our Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score Model, derived based on Taiwan MJ Longitudinal Health-checkup-based Population Database, were relatively satisfactory in the testing cohort. This model was simple, with practicable predictive variables and feasible form on degrees of risk. This model not only could help individuals to assess the situation of their own risk on MS but could also provide guidance on the group surveillance programs in the community regarding the development of MS.

This study aimed to provide an epidemiological modeling in evaluating the risk of developing obesity within 5 years in Taiwan population aged 30 - 59 years.After excluding 918 individuals who were observed at baseline, a cohort of 14 167 non-obesity subjects aged 30 - 59 years in the initial year during 1998 - 2006, was formed to derive a Risk Score which could predict the incident obesity (IO). Multivariate logistic regression was used to derive the risk functions, using the check-up center (Taipei training cohort, n = 8104) of the overall cohort. Rules based on these risk functions were evaluated in the left three centers (testing cohort, n = 6063). Risk functions were produced to detect the IO on a training sample using the multivariate logistic regression models. Starting with variables that could predict the IO through univariate models, we constructed multivariable logistic regression models in a stepwise manner which eventually could include all the variables. We evaluated the predictability of the model by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and to testify its diagnostic property on the testing sample. Once the final model was defined, the next step was to establish rules to characterize 4 different degrees of risk based on the cut points of these probabilities after transforming into normal distribution by log-transformation.At baseline, the range of the proportion of normal weight, overweight and obesity were 50.00% - 60.00%, 26.47% - 31.11% and 5.76% - 7.24% respectively in four check-up centers of Taiwan. After excluding 918 obesity individuals at baseline, we ascertained 386 (2.73%, 386/14 167) cases having IO and 2.66% - 2.91% of them having centered obesity in the four check-up centers respectively. Final multivariable logistic regression model would include five risk factors: sex, age, history of diabetes, weight deduction ≥ 4 kg within 3 months and waist circumference. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.898 (95%CI, 0.884 - 0.912) that could predict the development of obesity within 5 years. The curve also had adequate performance in testing the sample [AUC = 0.881 (95%CI, 0.862 - 0.900)]. After labeling the four risk degrees, 16.0% and 2.9% of the total subjects were in the mediate and high risk populations respectively and were 7.8 and 16.6 times higher, when comparing with the population at risk in general.The predictability and reliability of our obesity risk score model, derived based on Taiwan MJ Longitudinal Health-checkup-based Population Database, were relatively satisfactory, with its simple and practicable predictive variables and the risk degree form. This model could help individuals to self assess the situation of risk on obesity and could also guide the community caretakers to monitor the trend of obesity development.

The high power domestic and commercial variable-frequency air conditioners powered by three-phase AC power supply have been widely used nowadays. In order to achieve much higher power factor at grid side, voltage source rectifiers (VSR) become popular. However, due to the high output voltage of VSR, the problem of common-mode voltage (CMV) on its DC link caused by traditional SPWM or SVPWM modulation algorithm is too serious to solve. Thus, the existing modulation algorithms of VSR should be modified to settle the problem of CMV. The paper designs a minimized CMV SVPWM modulation algorithm using non-zero vectors to replace the zero vectors, as well as a dead-time arrangement which causes no effect on CMV. Then the above theoretical analysis is verified via simulation by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK. The obtained results show that the minimized CMV SVPWM modulation algorithm can reduce the CMV, bringing about the alleviation of CMV interference.

To study the effect of freeze-dried mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPAR-β) in mice during wound healing.Full-thickness skin defect with area of 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm was reproduced on both sides of the back of 70 BALB/c mice (2 wounds in each mouse). The wound on the left side in each mouse was treated with 5 µg/mL mEGF solution (experiment group), and that on the right side in each mouse was treated with saline (control group). On post injury day (PID) 7, 11, and 16, 20 mice were used for determination of wound healing rate at each time point. On PID 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, and 18, specimens of wound edge were harvested for determination of protein and gene expression of PPAR-β with immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, with 10 specimens at each time point (denoted as integral absorbance value). Data were processed with t test.(1) Wound healing rate. The wound healing rate in experiment group on PID 7, 11, and 16 was respectively higher than that in control group (with t value respectively 3.03, 6.05, 11.9, P values all below 0.01). (2) Immunohistochemical observation. In both groups, the PPAR-β proteins highly expressed in fibroblasts of wound granulation tissues and nuclei of keratinocytes located in wound edge at early stage after injury, and they highly expressed in newly formed epidermis and their fibroblasts in the lower layer after wound epithelization. The expression of PPAR-β protein was gradually decreased after wound healing. The expression of PPAR-β protein at each time point in experiment group was respectively higher than that in control group (with t values from 2.15 to 7.37, P0.05 or P0.01). The expression of PPAR-β protein peaked on PID 3 in experiment group [(3.46 ± 1.33) × 10(3)], which was (2.35 ± 1.09) × 10(3) in control group. (3) In situ hybridization. The expression levels of PPAR-β mRNA in both groups were up-regulated after injury, which were mainly observed in fibroblasts of wound and cytoplasm of KC in wound edge, but they were down-regulated after wound epithelization. The expression of PPAR-β mRNA at each time point in experiment group was respectively higher than that in control group (with t values from 2.35 to 6.64, P0.05 or P0.01). The expression of PPAR-β mRNA in both groups peaked on PID 3 [(7.3 ± 2.6) × 10(6), (4.5 ± 3.0) × 10(6), respectively].mEGF can up-regulate the expression of PPAR-β in wound tissue of mice and promote wound healing.

To study the course of branches of the superficial temporal artery (BSTA) and the accompanying pattern of their veins in order to provide anatomic basis for flap design.Head and facial part of ten adult corpses (19 sides) were dissected and photographed. The coordinate system was set up with external auditory foramen as the point of origin, aided by the graph analysis software Digimizer. The course of the frontal branch and parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery (STA), and the accompanying pattern between the BSTA and the veins were measured and analyzed. The STA and its branches were located by Ultrasonic Doppler, and the corresponding branches of the superficial temporal vein (BSTV) were disclosed by bowing patient's head with breath holding or cerclaging the basement of the patient's skull. And then 10 sides of transposition (fascia) flaps with axis at the angular bisector between BSTA and BSTV were devised to repair wounds of 9 patients that hospitalized from February 2008 to December 2009. Data were processed with test of variance homogeneity.Frontal BSTV absence was found in 6 head sides, and the maximum distance between artery and vein was (2.1 ± 1.2) cm. Parietal BSTV absence was found in 3 head sides, and the maximum distance was (1.4 ± 0.7) cm. The distance between frontal BSTA and BSTV was larger than that between parietal BSTA and BSTV, and the dispersion degree of the former was higher than that of the latter (F = 0.0404, P = 0.0475). All the (fascia) flaps survived without congestion or necrosis.When branch of the superficial temporal vessel was selected as the axial vessel of flap, the flap design shall depend on the accompanying pattern of BSTV to avoid the flap necrosis due to poor venous return after surgery. The superficial temporal vein and its branches can be well disclosed by bowing head or cerclaging skull. The approach is simple, useful, safe, and reliable.

To establish a subjective indicator system for the evaluation of sub-health status and study on its reliability and validity.Based on the basic features of general malice and losing ability of workforce, the indicator system for sub-health status evaluation was developed according to the chronic stress on human body' s main systems. The items were adjusted according to the experience from experts and the results of the pilot study. Indices as Chronbach's alpha, IIC and ICC were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Factor analysis and ANOVA were used to evaluate the construct validity and discriminative ability of the questionnaire.The formal sub-health survey questionnaire would include five domains and 25 questions in total. The whole questionnaire's Chronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.92. Cronbach's alpha of the four domains, including cardiovascular, digestive tract, immunity and mental health were no less than 0.7 while IIC ranging from 0.51 to 0.72 and ICC ranging from 0.89 to 0.98. The five extracted common factors which contributed 62.35% to the total variation were basically consistent with the five dimensions. ANOVA showed significant differences among different groups (P0.05).The questionnaire appeared reliable and valid for measurement of sub-health status.

To investigate the effect of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) vshRNA vector on expression of inflammatory cytokines and survival rate in septic mice infected by Bacteroides fragilis.(1) TREM-1 vshRNA vector was constructed. Bacteroides fragilis (2.5 x 10(9) CFU/mL, 0.5 mL) was intraperitoneally injected in each mouse, and septic model was reproduced after 12 hours. (2) One hundred and fifteen mice were divided into healthy control group (n = 3, HC), sepsis group (n = 28, S), TREM-1 vshRNA group (n = 28, T), TREM-1 vshRNA hd group (n = 28, Th), GFP group (n = 28, G) according to random number table. Mice in S, T, Th, G groups were firstly injected with isotonic saline, TREM-1 vshRNA 2 x 10(8) TU, TREM-1 vshRNA 1 x 10(8) TU, GFP siRNA through tail vein, and then sepsis was induced after 1 hour. Mice in HC group were injected with equal volume of isotonic saline through tail vein. Three mice in each group were sacrificed after 12 hours for determination of plasma level of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6, and level of TREM-1mRNA and its protein in hepatic tissue. The survival rate of other mice in each group was monitored for 72 hours. (3) In 125 mice sepsis was reproduced, among them 100 mice were injected with TREM-1 vshRNA 2 x 10(8) TU after 1, 2, 4, 6 hours through tail vein (25 mice at each time point), other 25 mice were injected with equal volume of isotonic saline as control. The survival rate of mice in each group was recorded 72 hours after injection.(1) Compared with those in S group, the plasma level of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 lowered in T and Th groups (P0.05), especially in T group, while those in G group showed no obvious difference (P0.05). (2) Compared with those in G group, the level of TREM-1mRNA and its protein in hepatic tissue in T and Th groups decreased (P0.01), especially in T group. (3) The survival rate of mice in S and G group was 16%, which was obviously lower than that in T and Th groups (76%, 44%, respectively, P0.05 or P0.01). (4) The survival rate of mice at 1, 2, 4, 6 hours after injection was 72%, 56%, 40%, 16%, respectively, while all that except at 6 hour after injection were higher significantly than that of control (P0.05 or P0.01).The intervention with TREM-1 vshRNA can effectively decrease hepatic level of TREM-1 in septic mice induced by Bacteroides fragilis, inhibit inflammatory response, and improve the survival rate.

To explore the flap transposition for repairing large defects in upper extremities.12 cases with large defects in elbow, forearm, wrist or palm caused by high-voltage electricity, hot-pressure or crush, were treated. 4 cases were treated with latissimus dorsal myocutaneous flaps combined iliolumbar flaps. 2 cases were treated with latissimus dorsal myocutaneous flaps combined lateral thoracic flaps. 6 cases were treated with large combined thoracic-abdomen flaps.All the flaps survived except for one flap with 2 cm distal necrosis and sub-flap infection. Satisfactory results were achieved.Early debridement and reconstruction with pedicled combined flaps are feasible and reliable for large defects in the upper extremities.

To identify the pathological character of denatured dermis,and its turnover after autologous skin transplant.Deep partial thickness burn wounds whose diameter was 2.5 cm were produced on the back of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. After simple debriding,xenogenic skin was transplanted. Superficial tangential excision was performed on the burn wounds on 48 hours postburn with the preservation of denatured dermis. Split thickness autologous skin was grafted on the wounds immediately. Tissue samples of whole layer of the skin were harvested from the grafted sites at different time points after the skin grafting. Pathological observation on the denatured skin and the transplanted skin was carried out with HE and Massonos trichrome blue.The superficial cells of the denatured dermis necrotized largely with few cells alive,collagen denatured,and many inflammatory cells infiltrating. Necrosis tissue and inflammatory cells could be found in the denatured skin in the early period after the skin transplant. There were infiltrated inflammatory cells in the transplanted skin 3 days after the skin transplant. On the 10th day,the necrotized tissue diminished markedly,and red cells were found in its upper stratum. On the 21st day, the morphology and structure of the transplanted skin were similar to those of the normal skin.The retained denatured dermis has little effect on the survival of the transplanted skin. The necrosis components can be absorbed and replaced by the tissue alive after the autologous skin is transplanted.