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C29H17CoN3O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.1893(6) Å, b = 13.9922(10) Å, c = 14.1772(7) Å, β = 94.544(5)°, V = 2212.6(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0460, wRref(F2) = 0.0975, T = 293(2) K.

C9H4Ag2O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.8224(6) Å, b = 9.5222(4) Å, c = 7.2104(3) Å, β = 101.991(4)°, V = 928.32(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0239, wRref(F2) = 0.0411, T = 293(2) K.

C16H15LaN4O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.2370(6) Å, b = 15.4658(5) Å, c = 9.5723(4) Å, β = 108.834(4)°, V = 1854.72(14) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0342, wRref(F2) = 0.0814, T = 293(2) K.

Background: Most lung cancer patients are diagnosed after the onset of symptoms. However, whether the symptoms of lung cancer were independently associated with the diagnosis of lung cancer is unknown, especially in the Chinese population. Methods: We conducted a 10 years (2005‐2014) nationwide multicenter retrospective clinical epidemiology study of lung cancer patients diagnosed in China. As such, this study focused on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for variables associated with the symptoms and physical signs using multivariate unconditional logistic regressions. Results: A total of 7184 lung cancer patients were surveyed; finally, 6398 NSCLC patients with available information about their symptoms and physical signs were included in this analysis. The most common initial symptom and physical sign was chronic cough (4156, 65.0%), followed by sputum with blood (2110, 33.0%), chest pain (1146, 17.9%), shortness of breath (1090, 17.0%), neck and supraclavicular lymphadenectasis (629, 9.8%), weight loss (529, 8.3%), metastases pain (378, 5.9%), fatigue (307, 4.8%), fever (272, 4.3%), and dyspnea (270, 4.2%). Patients with squamous carcinoma and stage III disease were more likely to present with chronic cough (P < 0.0001) and sputum with blood (P < 0.0001) than patients with other pathological types and clinical stages, respectively. Metastases pain (P < 0.0001) and neck and supraclavicular lymphadenectasis (P = 0.0006) were more likely to occur in patients with nonsquamous carcinoma than in patients with other carcinomas. Additionally, patients with stage IV disease had a higher percentage of chest pain, shortness of breath, dyspnea, weight loss, and fatigue than patients with other stages of disease. In multivariable logistic analyses, compared with patients with adenocarcinoma, patients with squamous carcinoma were more likely to experience symptoms (OR = 2.885, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.477‐3.359) but were less likely to present physical signs (OR = 0.844, 95% CI 0.721‐0.989). The odds of having both symptoms and physical signs were higher in patients with late‐stage disease than in those with early‐stage disease (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The symptoms and physical signs of lung cancer were associated with the stage and pathological diagnosis of NSCLC. Patients with squamous carcinoma were more likely to develop symptoms, but not signs, than patients with adenocarcinoma. The more advanced the stage at diagnosis, the more likely that symptoms or physical signs are to develop. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to explore these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study was conducted to examine changes in diagnostic and staging imaging methods for lung cancer in China over a 10‐year period and to determine the relationships between such changes and socioeconomic development. Methods: This was a hospital‐based, nationwide, multicenter retrospective study of primary lung cancer cases. The data were extracted from the 10‐year primary lung cancer databases at eight tertiary hospitals from various geographic areas in China. The chi‐squared test was used to assess the differences and the Cochran–Armitage trend test was used to estimate the trends of changes. Results: A total of 7184 lung cancer cases were analyzed. Over the 10‐year period, the utilization ratio of diagnostic imaging methods, such as chest computed tomography (CT) and chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), increased from 65.79% to 81.42% and from 0.73% to 1.96%, respectively, while the utilization ratio of chest X‐ray declined from 50.15% to 30.93%. Staging imaging methods, such as positron emission tomography‐CT, neck ultrasound, brain MRI, bone scintigraphy, and bone MRI increased from 0.73% to 9.29%, 22.95% to 47.92%, 8.77% to 40.71%, 42.40% to 62.22%, and 0.88% to 4.65%, respectively; abdominal ultrasound declined from 83.33% to 59.9%. These trends were more notable in less developed areas than in areas with substantial economic development. Conclusion: Overall, chest CT was the most common radiological diagnostic method for lung cancer in China. Imaging methods for lung cancer tend to be used in a diverse, rational, and regionally balanced manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis aimed to identify the value of serum matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) levels for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Through searching the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library (Issue 12, 2014), Web of Science (1945∼2014), PubMed (1966∼2014), CINAHL (1982∼2014), EMBASE (1980∼2014), and CBM (1982∼2014), related articles were determined without any language restrictions. Stata statistical software (Version 12.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) was chosen to deal with statistical data. Standard mean difference (SMD) and its corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated to clarify the correlation between serum MMP-7 levels and CRC. Seven clinical case-control studies which recruited 430 CRC patients and 357 healthy subjects were selected for statistical analysis. The main findings of our meta-analysis showed that the serum MMP-7 level in CRC patients was significantly higher than that in control subjects (SMD = 2.15, 95 % CI = 1.46∼2.84, P < 0.001). Ethnicity-stratified analysis indicated a higher serum MMP-7 level in CRC patients than that of control subjects among the Asians and the Caucasians (Asians: SMD = 2.83, 95 % CI = 1.76∼3.91, P < 0.001; Caucasians: SMD = 1.06, 95 % CI = 0.46∼1.66, P = 0.001; respectively). The present meta-analysis indicated that the increased serum level of MMP-7 may be connected with the development of CRC; thus, serum levels of MMP-7 could be an independent biomarker for CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theeffects of three sulfonate gemini surfactants with differenthydrophobic chain lengths (8, 10, and 12 carbon atoms) on the opticalproperties of a fluorene-based conjugated cationic polymer poly{[9,9-bis(6′-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl]-fluorene-phenylene}bromide (PFP) dissolved in DMSO–water solutions (4% v/v) orwater were investigated, respectively. When surfactants with PFP dissolvedin DMSO–water solutions (4% v/v) are incubated, a decreasein photoluminescence (PL) intensity and a red shift of emission maximaare obtained at low surfactant concentrations. Intriguingly, two differentStern–Volmer constants (KSV1and KSV2) are obtained and analyzed in detail forthe first time. Further increase in the surfactant concentration enhancedPL intensity, and distinct blue shifts of both absorption and emissionmaxima are observed. Importantly, the turning point between the emissionquenching and enhancement is closely related to the hydrophobic chainlength: the longer the chain length, the earlier the turning pointappears. Simulation studies provide strong evidence to explain thesephenomena. Surface tension measurements show more insight on the interactionsbetween PFP and surfactant. On the contrary, no emission quenchingis obtained at low surfactant concentrations for PFP dissolved inwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C18H16CuN6O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.669(6) Å, b = 11.311(5) Å, c = 12.763(6) Å, β = 93.115(7)°, V = 1970.4(15) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0481, wRref(F2) = 0.1311, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C9H4Ag2O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.8224(6) Å, b = 9.5222(4) Å, c = 7.2104(3) Å, β = 101.991(4)°, V = 928.32(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0239, wRref(F2) = 0.0411, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C18H16CuN6O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.669(6) Å, b = 11.311(5) Å, c = 12.763(6) Å, β = 93.115(7)°, V = 1970.4(15) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0481, wRref(F2) = 0.1311, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C9H4Ag2O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.8224(6) Å, b = 9.5222(4) Å, c = 7.2104(3) Å, β = 101.991(4)°, V = 928.32(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0239, wRref(F2) = 0.0411, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm has been used in environmental pollution control in recent years due to its characteristics of adsorption and biodegradation. Beyond the success of its utilization in wastewater treatment, biofilm technique has high application value in the remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils. With the extensive attention and research of emerging pollutants such as microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the pivotal role of biofilm can not be overlooked. Here, we presented a comprehensive review of the structure, formation mecha-nism, population, and functional aspects of biofilm, as well as its applications and mechanisms in environmental pollution control in recent years. We emphatically discussed the removal mechanism and application progress of biofilm on heavy metals and organic pollutants. We further expounded some novel environmental challenges posed by biofilm under new circumstances, including the coexistence of various pollutants in plastisphere, the spread of ARGs, and the accumulation of pathogens. Finally, we put forward the gaps of current research and prospects for future research, especially the importance of exploring the interaction relationship and mechanism between biofilm and various pollutants. It is expected to provide theoretical basis for the development of new technology of biofilm remediation.

Background: Esophageal cancer is associated with substantial disease burden in China, and data on the economic burden are fundamental for setting priorities in cancer interventions. The medical expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer in China has not been fully quantified. This study aimed to examine the medical expenditure of Chinese patients with esophageal cancer and the associated trends., Methods: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 37 hospitals in 13 provinces/municipalities across China as a part of the Cancer Screening Program of Urban China. For each esophageal cancer patient diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, clinical information and expense data were extracted by using structured questionnaires. All expense data were reported in Chinese Yuan (CNY; 1 CNY = 0.155 USD) based on the 2011 value and inflated using the year-specific health care consumer price index for China., Results: A total of 14,967 esophageal cancer patients were included in the analysis. It was estimated that the overall average expenditure per patient was 38,666 CNY, and an average annual increase of 6.27% was observed from 2002 (25,111 CNY) to 2011 (46,124 CNY). The average expenditures were 34,460 CNY for stage I, 39,302 CNY for stage II, 40,353 CNY for stage III, and 37,432 CNY for stage IV diseases (P < 0.01). The expenditure also differed by the therapy type, which was 38,492 CNY for surgery, 27,933 CNY for radiotherapy, and 27,805 CNY for chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Drugs contributed to 45.02% of the overall expenditure., Conclusions: These conservative estimates suggested that medical expenditures for esophageal cancer in China substantially increased in the last 10 years, treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer costs less than that for advanced cases, and spending on drugs continued to account for a considerable proportion of the overall expenditure.

We explore the interactions between a fluorescein (FAM)-labeled single-stranded DNA (P), graphene oxide (GO), and a cationic conjugated polymer, poly [(9,9-bis(6'-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)-fluorenylene phenylene dibromide] (PFP). It is found that the fluorescence change of P-GO-PFP system is dependent on the addition order of P and PFP. When adding PFP into P/GO complex, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PFP to P is inefficient. If P is added to PFP/GO complex, efficient FRET is obtained. This may be attributed to the equal binding ability for P and PFP to GO. The results of time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy support the different fluorescent response under different addition order of P and PFP to GO. Based on the above phenomenon, we demonstrate a method to reduce the high background signal of a traditional PFP-based DNA sensor by introducing GO. In comparison to the use of single PFP, the combination of PFP with GO-based method shows enhanced sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 40 pM for target DNA detection.

Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a common autoimmune disease that involves the dysfunction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. FOXP3 is a key transcription factor in the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Previous studies have demonstrated a genetic association between the FOXP3 gene and some autoimmune diseases. To elucidate the association between the FOXP3 gene and the risk of PV, 408 patients diagnosed with PV and 363 age and sex-matched healthy controls from a cohort of the Chinese majority Han population were recruited. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2232365, rs3761547, rs3761548 and rs3761549) of the FOXP3 gene were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction and ligase detection reaction. The major allele of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs - rs2232365 A, rs3761547 A and rs3761549 C) were associated with an increased risk of PV in a clinical subgroup of female patients, who were less than 40 yrs of age, had a family history of the disease and did not have disease complications (p < 0.05 for all parameters). The haplotype was structured between rs3761547 and rs3761549. An increased risk of PV was observed in haplotype A/A-T/T (p = 0.0055; adjusted OR = 3.188; 95% CI = 0.4354-23.34) and A/G-C/C (p = 0.0082; adjusted OR = 1.288; 95% CI = 0.1529-10.85) between rs3761547 and rs3761549. A synergistic effect was found among the three SNPs. Subjects with the rs2232365AA- rs3761547 AG + GG genotype were more susceptible to PV (p = 0.0393; OR = 2.90; 95% CI = 1.05-7.97). No correlation was found between rs3761548 and the onset of PV. Therefore, the FOXP3 polymorphisms appear to contribute to the risk of psoriasis among the Chinese majority Han population. These findings may aid in our understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis.