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BACKGROUND: Studies were carried out on the creation of haploinductor lines using various methods for testing haploinductor and marker ability from the VIR maize genetic collection, adapted to the conditions of the Liaoning province in China and the South of Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On 22 maize testers, studies were carried out on the creation of haploinductor lines and testing the haploinductor and marker ability by the test-cross method. Sources of R1-nj, B1, Pl1 genes from the VIR maize genetic collection were used. RESULTS: The lines of maize haploinducers Liaoyu No. 1, Liaoyu No. 2, Liaoyu No. 3 and Liaoyu No. 4 were created with a haploinduction frequency of 6.85%, 7.53%, 6.66% and 6.03%. respectively, with a high quality of labeling with the R1-nj, B1, Pl1 genes in test crosses. CONCLUSIONS: In the process of selection of haploid maize on the basis of genes A, haploinductor lines with a high frequency of haploinduction and high efficiency of markers in test crosses, abundant pollen and grain productivity, resistance to late blight and lodging, and adaptation to the agroclimatic zone of Shenyang Province (China) were obtained and the North Caucasian Federal District (Russia).

C80H38Er2F16N8O18, triclinic, P 1 ‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 11.4228(4) Å, b = 12.6712(3) Å, c = 13.2663(4) Å, α = 102.660(2)°, β = 98.047(3)°, γ = 105.509(3)°, V = 1764.54(10) Å3, Z = 1, R gt(F) = 0.0311, wR ref (F 2) = 0.0668, T = 293(2) K.

Moment localization in videos using natural language refers to finding the most relevant segment from videos given a natural language query. Most of the existing methods require video segment candidates for further matching with the query, which leads to extra computational costs, and they may also not locate the relevant moments under any length evaluated. To address these issues, we present a lightweight single-shot semantic matching network (SSMN) to avoid the complex computations required to match the query and the segment candidates, and the proposed SSMN can locate moments of any length theoretically. Using the proposed SSMN, video features are first uniformly sampled to a fixed number, while the query sentence features are generated and enhanced by GloVe, long-term short memory (LSTM), and soft-attention modules. Subsequently, the video features and sentence features are fed to an enhanced cross-modal attention model to mine the semantic relationships between vision and language. Finally, a score predictor and a location predictor are designed to locate the start and stop indexes of the query moment. We evaluate the proposed method on two benchmark datasets and the experimental results demonstrate that SSMN outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both precision and efficiency.

A cerium compound with asymmetric amidinate ligands [Ce(iPrNC(Me)NtBu)3] has been reported and characterized in this paper. The compound showed good volatility and thermal stability, which were evaluated by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). Corresponding results indicated the great potential of this compound for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Therefore, CeOx film and particle (loaded on TiO2) deposition were conducted by CVD using Ce(iPrNC(Me)NtBu)3 and O2 as precursors. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activity of the CVD CeOx–TiO2 composite was evaluated by degrading methylene blue solution under the irradiation of ultraviolet light (365 nm).

In this paper, a novel approach was studied to fabricate ALD CeOx films with amidinato-cerium (N-iPr-AMD)3Ce and O3 as precursors. Ideal self-limiting deposition behaviors were found for the prepared films. The purity and surface morphology of the as-grown CeOx films, which possessed a high and constant growth rate of ~ 2.8 A/cycle at 220–255 °C, were confirmed by XPS, XRD, SEM and AFM. The CeOx films could uniformly and conformally be deposited into deep and narrow trenches (high aspect ratio of 10:1), suggesting the good potential of this ALD process for complex 3D nanostructure-based applications. Furthermore, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory were performed to investigate possible interfacial reactions of this ALD process on the SiO2 surface.

In this paper, three isostructural 1D lanthanide complexes, [Ln(dppc)(H2O)4]n·2nH2O (Ln = Eu, Tb and Eu0.501Tb0.499, named 1-Eu, 2-Tb and Eu0.501Tb0.499), based on 3-(2,4-dicarboxylate phenyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (H3dppc) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, PXRD, TG and X-ray crystallography. The complexes exhibit a 1D chain structure, which is further linked into a 3D supramolecular framework by hydrogen bonds. Tuneable emission colour of Eu0.501Tb0.499 is realized by adjusting the excitation wavelength. The sensing properties of 1-Eu and 2-Tb towards Fe3+ and aniline indicate that the two complexes have almost the same superior sensitivity and low detection limit for Fe3+ in aqueous solution, while they have different detection abilities for aniline in DMF solvent. The different detection abilities were discussed by means of PXRD, UV-vis, luminescence lifetimes and molecular surface calculations (Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint plots).

A series of isostructural lanthanide coordination polymers (Ln-CPs) formulated as [Ln(tcptpy)(H2O)2·2H2O]n {Ln3+ = Sm3+ (1), Eu3+ (2), Gd3+ (3), Tb3+ (4), Dy3+ (5); H3tcptpy = 4-(2,4,6-tricarboxylphenyl)-4,2':6',4''-terpyridine} has been afforded and characterized systematically. Their structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All the complexes feature two dimensional (2D) layers with (4,4)-connected topology. By virtue of the isostructural frameworks, a family of binary co-doped Ln-CPs [Tb1-xEuxtcptpy]n was achieved for ratiometric temperature sensors, among which Tb0.897Eu0.103tcptpy exhibits a good linear response to the temperature range from 305-340 K, with a maximum relative sensitivity (Sm) of 8.41% K-1 at 340 K. Moreover, Tb-CPs exhibit excellent applications as luminescent sensors for the detection of nitrobenzene and Fe3+ cations with high selectivity and sensitivity based on a luminescence quenching approach. The possible mechanisms of the fluorescence quenching effect were also investigated.

Video-moment location by query is a hot topic in video understanding. However, most of the existing methods ignore the importance of location efficiency in practical application scenarios; video and query sentences have to be fed into the network at the same time during the retrieval, which leads to low efficiency. To address this issue, in this study, we propose an efficient video moment location via hashing (VMLH). In the proposed method, query sentences and video clips are, respectively, converted into hash codes and hash code sets, in which the semantic similarity between query sentences and video clips is preserved. The location prediction network is designed to predict the corresponding timestamp according to the similarity among hash codes, and the videos do not need to be fed into the network during the process of retrieval and location. Furthermore, different from the existing methods, which require complex interactions and fusion between video and query sentences, the proposed VMLH method only needs a simple XOR operation among codes to locate the video moment with high efficiency. This paper lays the foundation for fast video clip positioning and makes it possible to apply large-scale video clip positioning in practice. The experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

A new europium metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF) was prepared by simple hydrothermal method. The product exhibited intense red fluorescence, long fluorescence lifetime (0.454 ms) and excellent fluorescence stability. The fluorescence titration result showed that Fe

In the study, an efficient process was proposed to prepare ALD MnOx films with bis(N,N′-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)manganese-(II) (Mn(tBu-MeAMD)2) and H2O. The process follows ideal self-limiting growth behaviors. The as-prepared smooth and pure MnOx films with a high growth rate of ~2.1 A/cycle were characterized by SEM, AFM, XRD and XPS methods. The MnOx films could conformally and uniformly grow into deep narrow trenches with high aspect ratios of 10:1, highlighting the application potential of the ALD process in complex 3D or porous structures-based nanoengineering.

In this study, we described an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for the preparation of nanoscale nickel oxide (NiO) films with high growth rate by using a combination of nickel(II) diketonate–diamine (Ni(acac)2(TMEDA), TMEDA = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine) and ozone (O3). Typical self-limiting film growth behavior was observed between 200 and 275 °C, and growth saturation with respect to both precursor pulse time was verified. The chemical composition, crystalline phase, and surface morphology of the films were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. All the results confirmed that the ALD process occurred with high growth rate of approximately 2.0 A/cycle and resulted in high-quality, smooth films.

An efficient process for ALD FexN films was reported in this study for the first time. Bis(N,N′-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)iron(II) (Fe(tBu-amd)2) and anhydrous hydrazine (N2H4) were used as reactants. Ideal self-limiting growth behavior was confirmed through the effect of the reactant dose and deposition cycle number on the growth rate (film thickness). Besides, these pure FexN films were able to grow into trench substrates with an aspect ratio of 2.5 : 1 conformally and uniformly, highlighting the potential of this ALD process for complex 3D or porous structures. The possible mechanism was proposed by investigating the reaction between Fe(tBu-amd)2 and N2H4 in toluene, and performing first-principles calculations. Our ALD process is expected to promote the development of FexN-based nanoengineering for its broad applications.

Protecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a potential strategy to treat cerebral ischaemic injury. We previously reported that hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 (HSH) treatment alleviates brain injury induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). However, other fluids, including 20% mannitol (MN), 3% hypertonic sodium chloride (HTS) and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 solution (HES), have the same effect as HSH in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) remains unclear. The present study evaluated the protective effects of these four fluids on the BBB in tMCAO rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to six groups. A CI/RI rat model was established by tMCAO for 120 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. The sham and tMCAO groups were treated with normal saline (NS), whereas the other four groups were treated with the four fluids. After 24 h of reperfusion, neurological function, brain oedema, brain infarction volume, permeability of the BBB, cortical neuron loss and protein and mRNA expression were assessed. The four fluids (especially HSH) alleviated neurological deficits and decreased the infarction volume, brain oedema, BBB permeability and cortical neuron loss induced by tMCAO. The expression levels of GFAP, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-9, MMP-3, AQP4, MMP-9, PDGFR-β and RGS5 were decreased, whereas the expression levels of laminin and claudin-5 were increased. These data suggested that small-volume reperfusion using HSH, HES, MN and HTS ameliorated CI/RI, probably by attenuating BBB disruption and postischaemic inflammation, with HSH exerting the strongest neuroprotective effect.

Moment localization in videos using natural language refers to finding the most relevant segment from the video with given a query in natural language form. In this paper, we present a new boundary-determining strategy called explicit correlation-based convolution boundary locator (ECCL), which can handle any lengths of videos and moments while leveraging fine-grained matching relationships. In this method, we first train a deep network to obtain the correlation scores between video clips and query statements. Subsequently, with the correlation scores, we utilize a convolution kernel to generate the boundary probability distribution. Finally, the start and end time indexes of the video moment are calculated with an optimization problem. Experiments on two publicly available datasets demonstrate the feasibility of ECCL.

Retrieving vehicles matching natural language descriptions from collections of videos is a novel and uniquely challenging task, requiring consideration not only of vehicle types and colors, but also of temporal relations, e.g., "A white crossover keeping straight behind a silver hatch-back." To perform this task, we propose Dual-path Temporal Matching Network (DUN). DUN uses a pre-trained CNN and GloVe to extract visual and text features, respectively, and GRUs to mine temporal relationships in videos and sentences. Furthermore, the proposed network can attain superior performance by including techniques such as re-ranking. With its simple structure, DUN achieved second place on the AI City Challenge 2021 Track 5. The codes are available at https://github.com/okzhili/AICITY2021_Track5_DUN.

In this study, a nickel(II) compound with guanidinate ligand of the general form [((Me)2NC(iPrN)2)2Ni] has been synthesized and isolated from the reaction of NiCl2 with the corresponding lithium salt of guanidinate ligand [(Me)2NC(iPrN)2Li] at 70 °C. Its structure was determined by 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to study the thermal properties (including thermal stability, volatility, vapor pressure and transport behavior) of compound. Furthermore, a deposition experiment was made to examine the compound’s potential as CVD precursor, and a Ni metal film was successfully deposited. These preliminary results illustrate the potential of this compound to act as CVD precursor.

A stable and highly efficient Cu/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through atomic layer deposition (ALD). A series of spectroscopic tests confirmed that subnanoscale Cu particles were conformally dispersed on TiO2, and that TiO2 surface states could be modified by controllable Cu particles. The photodegradation of methylene blue and phenol under ultraviolet light was used as a probe for investigating the photocatalytic efficiency of the photocatalyst, and Cu-loaded TiO2 prepared through ALD was discovered to exhibit high and stable activity compared with that prepared through impregnation. These results prove that ALD is an effective strategy for improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, and that Cu/TiO2 is a photocatalyst that can effectively remove organic pollutants.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were green synthesized using native inulin as the reducing and capping agent with varied incubation temperatures, incubation times and Ag+ concentrations. The biosynthesized Ag NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscopy (FE-TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction. The UV visible spectra of the Ag NPs revealed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm. FE-TEM showed that the biosynthesized Ag NPs were spherically shaped and monodispersed nanoparticles. The sizes were 18.5 ± 0.9 nm and 20.0 ± 1.2 nm for the Ag NPs synthesized at 80 °C and 100 °C for 2 h using 0.1% inulin and 2 mM Ag+. Their PDIs were 0.180 ± 0.05 and 0.282 ± 0.13, respectively. Improving the incubation temperature, incubation time and silver nitrate concentration promoted Ag NP synthesis. The prepared Ag NPs were effective in the catalytic reduction of 4-NP and in inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The inhibition zone could reach 10.21 ± 2.12 mm and 9.92 ± 0.50 mm for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The kinetic rate constant (kapp) could reach 0.0113 s−1, and the maximum inhibitory zones were 10.21 ± 2.12 mm and 9.92 ± 0.50 mm, respectively, for the two microorganisms. This biosynthesis illustrates that native inulin could be a potential candidate in the green fabrication of Ag NPs, and this is promising in catalytic and bacteriostatic fields.

Two cobalt(II) guanidinate compounds of the general type [((R)2NC(iPrN)2)2Co] (R = Me, SiMe3) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds were easily synthesized using a conventional salt-elimination reaction of CoCl2 with the corresponding lithium salt of guanidinate ligands in a general procedure. The thermal properties of the compounds including their volatility, vapour pressure, and thermal stability were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that both compounds volatilized in a single step with residual mass remaining (13.2% and 10.5%). Moreover, the compounds that were potentially CVD precursors were investigated through deposition experiments conducted in a hot-wall CVD reactor. A film was successfully deposited through CVD, which indicated that the compounds were capable of being precursors for the CVD of cobalt-based films.

The novel aminopyridinato Mn(II) compound has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. It was easily obtained through a conventional salt-elimination reaction. Thermal properties, including stability, volatility, transport behavior and vapor pressure, were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to confirm that it is suitable for the CVD procedure. Deposition was accomplished in a hot-wall CVD reactor, verifying its ability to act as a CVD precursor for the fabrication of manganese containing films.

Biomimetic synthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) with various sizes and morphologies using organic matrix has become an interesting hotspot. CaCO 3 was synthesised by the reaction of Na 2 CO 3 and CaCl 2 in the presence of xanthan gum (XG). The results showed that the fresh mineralised CaCO 3 /XG were microspheres with large surface area and porosity. The original CaCO 3 /XG microspheres transformed to brick-like CaCO 3 after ageing 7 days at 4°C. During the morphology transformation, CaCO 3 spheres rearranged by attaching to XG molecular, and transformed from a macroscopic view of CaCO 3 microspheres to a hexahedral structure related with the XG uncoiled single chains re-associating into loose several-fold helix. The study demonstrated that environmental effect coupled XG could be one feasible approach to regulate the structure of CaCO 3 .

Two lanthanide–organic coordination polymers incorporating both substituted imdazole dicarboxylate and benzene monocarboxylate auxiliary ligand, namely, {[Gd2(μ3-OH)(pimda)(imba) (H2pimda) H2O]·2H2O}n (1) and {[Tb2((μ3-OH)(pimda)(imba) (H2pimda) H2O]·2H2O}n (2) (H3pimda = 2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid and H2imba = 4-(1H-imidazole-1-ly) benzoic acid) have been obtained under the hydrothermal conditions, and have been structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and single X-ray diffraction. The polymers are isostructural, both crystallizing in the triclinic system, with space group of p-1. They display one dimensional (1-D) double-stranded ribbon chains based on hydroxyl-bridged [Ln4pimda2] tetranuclear unit as second building block, which are interlinked forming 2-D corrugated layer. The extensive hydrogen bondings further extend these 2-D lamellar networks into 3-D supramolecular architecture. The emission spectrum of polymer 1 exhibits ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (LLCT) transition luminescence; polymer 2 shows characteristic f-f transition luminescence, which can be considered as a fluorescent molecular sensor for zinc(II) ions in environment. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement reveals that multi-bridging fashion of carboxylic group in 1 results in depopulation of the stark levels for a single Gd(III) ion and/or possible antiferromagntic interactions between adjacent Gd(III) cations within the carboxylato bridged binuclear unit.

SummaryOat ranks sixth in world cereal production and has a higher content of health-promoting compounds compared to other cereals. However, there is neither a robust oat reference genome nor transcriptome. Using deeply sequenced full-length mRNA libraries of oat cultivar Ogle-C, a de novo high-quality and comprehensive oat seed transcriptome was assembled. With this reference transcriptome and QuantSeq 3’ mRNA sequencing, gene expression was quantified during seed development from 22 diverse lines across six time points. Transcript expression showed higher correlations between adjacent time points. Based on differentially expressed genes, we identified 22 major temporal co-expression (TCoE) patterns of gene expression and revealed enriched gene ontology biological processes. Within each TCoE set, highly correlated transcripts, putatively commonly affected by genetic background, were clustered, and termed genetic co-expression (GCoE) sets. 17 of the 22 TCoE sets had GCoE sets with median heritabilities higher than 0.50, and these heritability estimates were much higher than that estimated from permutation analysis, with no divergence observed in cluster sizes between permutation and non-permutation analyses. Linear regression between 634 metabolites from mature seeds and the PC1 score of each of the GCoE sets showed significantly lower p-values than permutation analysis. Temporal expression patterns of oat avenanthramides and lipid biosynthetic genes were concordant with previous studies of avenanthramide biosynthetic enzyme activity and lipid accumulation. This study expands our understanding of physiological processes that occur during oat seed maturation and provides plant breeders the means to change oat seed composition through targeted manipulation of key pathways.

An efficient process for ALD FexN films was reported in this study for the first time. Bis(N,N'-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)iron(ii) (Fe(tBu-amd)2) and anhydrous hydrazine (N2H4) were used as reactants. Ideal self-limiting growth behavior was confirmed through the effect of the reactant dose and deposition cycle number on the growth rate (film thickness). Besides, these pure FexN films were able to grow into trench substrates with an aspect ratio of 2.5 : 1 conformally and uniformly, highlighting the potential of this ALD process for complex 3D or porous structures. The possible mechanism was proposed by investigating the reaction between Fe(tBu-amd)2 and N2H4 in toluene, and performing first-principles calculations. Our ALD process is expected to promote the development of FexN-based nanoengineering for its broad applications.

Two ionic (1a and 1b) and two neutral (2a and 2b) Cu(I) complexes containing an un-deprotonated or a deprotonated nitrogen ligand {2-(4-methyl phenyl) imidazole[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline, MHPIP} and different phosphine ligands (bis[2-(diphenylphosphino) phenyl]ether and PPh3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography (1b, 2a and 2b). The complexes adopt a distorted tetrahedral geometry constructed by MHPIP (or MPIP−) and phosphine ligands. The emission spectra show that the ionic complexes exhibit almost ignorable luminescence. However, the deprotonation of the nitrogen ligand makes the neutral complexes exhibit orange or yellow emission both in solution and solid-powder states. Considering the different luminous characters of the neutral complexes, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed at the B3LYP/6-31G** level to provide information about the impact of phosphine ligands on the frontier orbital.

A “turn off-on” samarium-metal-organic-framework (Sm-MOF) fluorescence sensor for detection of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in edible oil was designed. It was found that the fluorescence of Sm-MOF was quenched in the presence of Fe3+ ion by forming Sm-MOF@Fe3+ complex (turn off), then it was recovered after adding TBHQ (turn on) due to the competitive formation of TBHQ@Fe3+ and release of Sm-MOF. Under the optimum Fe3+ concentration, the fluorescence “turn off-on” approach exhibited superior selectivity and sensitivity, wide linear range (0–120 μg/mL) and low detection limit (5.6 ng/mL) toward TBHQ. The fluorescence recovery selectivity of TBHQ over other synthetic phenolic antioxidants was attributed to the synergistic effect of high EHOMO value and a small space steric hindrance. TBHQ spiked in edible oil was quantitatively detected by the standard curve method with recoveries of 101.2%–103.0%, suggesting that the “turn off-on” approach has potential application for TBHQ detection in oil-containing foods.

Two three dimensional (3D) lanthanide polymers namely, {[Tb2(bpda)3(H2O)3]·H2O}n (1) and {[Dy2(bpda)3(H2O)3]·H2O}n(2) have been synthesized with 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (H2bpda). Both 1 and 2 were characterized systematically by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that these two complexes are isostructural with 3D supermolecular structure. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit characteristic luminescence on account of “antenna effect” of effective energy transfer from the ligands to the central Ln(III) ions. 1 reveals good water-stability and high detection sensitivity for Hg2+ in aqueous solution with the detection limit of 7.2 nM. In the meanwhile, the mechanism of fluorescence sensitization has also been analyzed.

An efficient process for thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Ni film with high growth per cycle (GPC) value is developed in this study using an electron-rich compound (N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) (bis(2,4-pentanedionato)) nickel(II) and anhydrous hydrazine as the reactants. The thermal properties and adsorption behavior of selected compounds were studied. Significantly, a high film GPC value of 2.1 A per cycle for ALD was achieved, and the deposited film exhibited high purity, low resistivity and a smooth surface. We believe that such an efficient method for high GPC thermal ALD of Ni and even other transition metals will benefit ALD technology development.

Interfacial adsorption kinetics and stabilizing emulsion behavior of lysozyme/xanthan gum nanoparticles (Ly/XG NPs) by variation of particle size and energy input. The interfacial rheology indicated that interfacial adsorption behavior of Ly/XG NPs displayed in a particle size manner. Increasing the particle size of Ly/XG NPs hindered its initial diffusion onto the interface. Smaller size was helpful for its fast diffusion to the interface. KP (rate constant of penetration) and KR (rate constant of penetration) of Ly/XG NPs were both affected by particle size. The KP for adsorbed Ly/XG NPs increased as the particle sizes increased. KR was considerably higher than KP, indicating the structural rearrangement of adsorbed Ly/XG NPs played an important part in interfacial film formation. The morphology of Pickering emulsion indicated its drop sizes were determined by the oil/aqueous volume fraction and prepared style. The higher energy input the size become smaller. Based on interfacial adsorption kinetics and microstructure of Pickering emulsions, the stabilization behavior was related to particle-particle associations and conformational changes of Ly/XG NPs. This work confirmed Ly/XG NPs could form Pickering emulsion by selecting different particle size and emulsification process, and offer promising prospects in stabilizing emulsion with the demands of surfactant-free.