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Objectives. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging therapy that modifies the patient’s gut microbiota by transplanting feces from a healthy donor to achieve disease remission. However, its efficacy and safety need to be further investigated. Methods. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases (up to 8th November 2021) were searched and literature was screened by title and abstract as well as full text. The primary outcome was clinical remission, with the clinical response as a secondary outcome. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results. A total of 14 trials were included in this study. In terms of clinical remission, FMT had a significant effect compared to placebo (RR = 1.44, 95 CI%: 1.03 to 2.02, I2 = 38%, P = 0.03 ), with no significant risk of study heterogeneity. Moreover, FMT led to significant results in clinical response compared to placebo with moderate between-study heterogeneity (RR = 1.34, 95 CI%: 0.92 to 1.94, I2 = 51%, P = 0.12 ). Subgroup analysis showed a higher clinical remission for fresh fecal FMT (40.9%) than that for frozen fecal FMT (32.2%); the efficacy of gastrointestinal (GI) pretreatment, the severity of disease, route of administration, and the donor selection remain unclear and require more extensive study. Safety analysis concluded that most adverse events were mild and self-resolving. The microbiological analysis found that the patient’s gut microbiota varied in favor of the donor, with increased flora diversity and species richness. Conclusion. FMT is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated therapy. Studies have found that fresh fecal microbiota transplant can increase clinical remission rates. However, more randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-ups are needed to assess its long-term effectiveness and safety.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish a deterministic equivalent income model (DEIM) based on the risk cost (RC) and risk aversion of investors. The model fully considers both subjective and objective factors that affect risk investment and reasonably evaluates risk investment schemes to choose the correct investment scheme and gain greater investment returns. Design/methodology/approach The utility function is used to measure the extent to which an investor is satisfied by investment returns in various scenarios. Risk aversion expresses subjective attitude of investors to risk. RC represents risk loss in currency. This methodology is based on risk aversion function, utility function and RC theory to establish DEIM. Findings This study shows that investors with different risk preferences have different certainty equivalent returns (CER), so their choices of investment options change accordingly. Practical implications In this paper, the authors use DEIM to test an investment case and conclude that the CER and investment scheme both change with different risk preferences. At the same time, case analysis shows that DEIM is reasonable and stable when evaluating risk investment schemes. Originality/value In this study, the authors innovate by introducing both the RC and risk aversion degree into risk investment schemes evaluation and by deriving a utility function from the absolute risk aversion function to build a utility decision matrix and establish DEIM. The model combines the subjective and objective factors that influence risk investment decisions.

Accumulating evidence indicates that the onset of myocardial infarction (MI) shows obvious circadian rhythmicity. Clinical studies have shown that MIs that occur in the early morning have a poor prognosis, but the mechanisms involved are still unknown. In this study, we showed that the expression level of Period 2 (per2) in the heart of mice is lower in the early morning than at noon and that increasing the expression of per2 in H9C2 cells and rat cardiomyocytes increases autophagy levels. Further studies indicated that overexpression of per2 after an MI improved cardiac function by increasing autophagy. In summary, this study has shown that the circadian clock protein, per2, may be a regulator of MI.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic cardiovascular disease endangering human health and is one of the most common causes of myocardial infarction and stroke. Macrophage polarization plays a vital role in regulating plaque stability. As an important component of sunlight, ultraviolet B (UVB) has been proven to promote vitamin D and nitric oxide synthesis. This research used an AS model in ApoE−/− mice to study the effects of UVB on macrophage polarization and atherosclerotic plaque stability. In vitro, UVB irradiation increased arginase-I (Arg-I, M2 macrophage) and macrophage mannose receptor (CD206) expression, while the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (M1 macrophage) and CD86 was decreased. UVB promoted Akt phosphorylation in vitro. In vivo, UVB irradiation promoted the stabilization of atherosclerotic lesion plaques, while the phenotype of M2 macrophages increased. Our research provides new evidence for UVB in preventing and treating atherosclerosis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), one forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by recurrent inflammation, and Renshen Baidu Powder (RSBDP) is often used as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating of UC, but the pharmacological mechanisms remains unclear. This research aims to explore the mechanisms of RSBDP in the treatment of UC based on network pharmacology. Through multiple databases collected the compounds and targets, and constructed the network. The crossover genes enrichment analysis were performed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) construction and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, 181 compounds and 266 targets were obtained. Potential candidate ingredients mainly include phytosterols, flavonoids, and coumarins, all of which have anti-inflammatory activities. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that RSBDP have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The effect of RSBDP on UC might be achieved by regulating the balance of cytokines (i.e., IL-6, TNF, IL-1) and the downstream mediators (i.e., STAT1, STAT3) in the immune system. And inflammation-, immune- and hypoxic-related pathways, like TNF, Toll-like receptors and HIF-1 signaling pathway. These results provide a theoretical basis for studying the effective substances of RSBDP in the treatment of UC and their mechanism of action for further research.

Background Although switching between ticagrelor and clopidogrel is common in clinical practice, the efficacy and safety of this de-escalation remain controversial. Hypothesis We assessed the occurrences, reasons, and outcomes of switching from ticagrelor to clopidogrel in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 653 patients with STEMI were randomly assigned to receive loading dose of ticagrelor or clopidogrel before PCI and then received maintenance dose, respectively, for 12 months follow-up. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. The secondary outcome included unexpected rehospitalization for angina, coronary revascularization, and stent thrombosis. The safety outcome was bleeding described by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria. Results A total of 602 participants completed the study. The rate of switching from ticagrelor to clopidogrel was 48.6% and the main reason was financial burden. The rate of secondary ischemic events in the de-escalation group was higher than that in the ticagrelor group (15.1% vs 5.6%, P = 0.008), but lower than that in the clopidogrel group (15.1% vs 24.6%, P = 0.03), while there were no significant differences in MACE among the three groups (P = 0.16). De-escalation, ticagrelor, and clopidogrel did not cause significant differences in the rates of major bleeding among the three groups (BARC ≥ 2, P = 0.34). Conclusion Switching from ticagrelor to clopidogrel is very common in patients with STEMI in China. De-escalation might be safe but associated with high risk of ischemic events as compared to ticagrelor.

To solve the problem of vehicle adhoc network reliability is not high and multi-channel hidden terminals, we propose a multi-channel MAC protocol CAMP(cooperation-based asynchronous multi-channel MAC protocol) based mechanism for asynchronous cooperation in VANET. CAMP add to cooperation mechanisms in asynchronous multi-channel environment, the proposed scheme nodes cooperation in order to obtain the channel state information and status information to other nodes, thus a good solution to the hidden terminal problem multichannel transmission process, to achieve high mobility environment under the reliable transmission of data. The simulation results show that CAMP has better performance than IEEE 1609.4 standard, AMCP protocol, AMCMAC protocol on collision probability of SCH, safety messages delivery ratio.

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of short non-coding RNA, which is about 22 bp in length. In mammals, miRNA exerts its funtion through binding with the 3°-UTR region of target genes and inhibiting their translation. Skeletal muscle development is a complex event, including: proliferation, migration and differentiation of skeletal muscle stem cells; proliferation, differentiation and fusion of myocytes; as well as hypertrophy, energy metabolism and conversion of muscle fiber types. The miRNA plays important roles in all processes of skeletal muscle development through targeting the key factors of different stages. Herein we summarize the miRNA related to muscle development, providing a better understanding of the skeletal muscle development.

The solution treatment of 6063 aluminum alloy was carried out and the influences of solution process on microstructure, strength, hardness, and electrical resistivity of 6063 aluminum alloy was analyzed. The result shows that the suitable solution treatment can improve alloy solution-degree fully, meanwhile the changes of electrical resistivity of alloy tend to be balanced. The suitable solution process for 6063 aluminum alloy is solution-treated at 520°C for 3.5h, and the strength and hardness of alloy can be enhanced extremely after aging-treatment at 200°C for 5h.

In recent years, wind power industry has developed rapidly, making it a major development area in new energy industry. However, the development of Chinas wind power industry still faces a lot of bottleneck. To solve the problems, this article will introduce KSF (Key Success Factors) and other related theories to the construction of industrial chain model. With the combination of global strategic objectives, analyze and determine the critical success factors, which impact the development of our wind power industry, through KSF and matrix discrimination, and refine them to specific evaluation criteria and index, according to their performance, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system for real-time monitoring and adjustment, and construct a new industrial chain model on this basis.

With the rapid development of new energy technologies, a number of project-oriented new energy generation companies emerged. However, these enterprises are faced with various issues that triggered by the simultaneous management of multiple projects. This paper analyzed the development of project-oriented new energy generation companies and then studied the method of optimized order based on project portfolio strategies. As to project optimization, this paper proposes SWOT analysis and the key criteria weighted scoring method, and it proves the availability of the method with instance. This method improves the efficiency of project management in new energy generation companies.

With the clinical application of various chemotherapeutic drugs, the side effects are also followed. Diarrhea is one of the most serious side effects of chemotherapy. A large number of clinical and experimental studies have proven that traditional Chinese medicine has great prospects in relieving chemotherapy-related diarrhea. The article mainly discusses the mechanism of chemotherapy-related diarrhea and the prospect of traditional Chinese medicine in relieving the mechanism of chemotherapy-related diarrhea.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development of skeletal muscle. In our previous study, expression of miR-195 and miR-497 were shown to be upregulated during muscle development in pigs. In this study, we investigated the roles of these two miRNAs in myogenesis and analyzed their transcriptional regulation. Our results showed that miR-195 and miR-497 were upregulated during muscle development and myoblast differentiation. Moreover, miR-195 and miR-497 inhibited proliferation but not differentiation in C2C12 cells. Further investigation revealed that Igf1r, Insr, Ccnd2 and Ccne1 were directly targeted by miR-195 and miR-497 in myoblasts. In addition, we confirmed that miR-195 and miR-497, which shared the similar expression profiling, were negatively regulated by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in both myoblasts and skeletal muscle tissue. Our data illustrate that the signaling pathway NF-κB-miR-195/497-Igf1r/Insr-Ccnd2/Ccne1 plays important roles in myogenesis. Our study provides novel evidence for the roles of miR-195 and miR-497 in muscle development.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in diverse biological processes including skeletal muscle development. MiR-214 is an miRNA that is differentially expressed in porcine embryonic muscle and adult skeletal muscle, suggesting that miR-214 may be related to embryonic myogenesis. In this study, the myoblast cell line C2C12 was used for functional analysis of miR-214 in vitro. The results showed that miR-214 was expressed both in myoblasts and in myotubes and was upregulated during differentiation. After treatment with an miR-214 inhibitor and culturing in differentiation medium, myoblast differentiation was repressed, as indicated by the significant downregulation of expression of the myogenic markers myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Interestingly, myoblast proliferation was also repressed when cells were transfected with an miR-214 inhibitor and cultured in growth medium by real-time proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis. Our results showed that miR-214 regulates both proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts depending on the conditions.