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The optimal surgical procedure for minimal surgical intervention in symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is unknown. This article presents a method of minimally invasive decompression alone and reports the long-term outcomes and complications of patients treated with minimally invasive bilateral or unilateral laminotomy decompression performed by one surgeon.Patients with DLSS who underwent minimally invasive laminotomy decompression alone from March 2008 to October 2010 were included in the study, and 106 patients were followed up for at least 10 years. Clinical outcomes were assessed by Japanese Orthopedic Association, Oswestry Disability Index, and visual analog scale for back pain scores, and changes in walking tolerance and leg numbness were evaluated. Complications were recorded.A total of 106 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study (mean age = 64 years, range = 43-83). The Japanese Orthopedic Association, Oswestry Disability Index, and visual analog scale back pain scores of patients significantly changed between before surgery and at subsequent follow-up (P0.001). The walking tolerance and leg numbness of patients significantly improved (P0.001), and these functions were well maintained during follow-up. Complications included intraoperative dural tears (n = 5), a wound infection (n = 1), deep vein thrombosis (n = 1), and nerve root lesions on the asymptomatic side (n = 2), all of which recovered within 3 months.Minimally invasive laminotomy decompression is an effective procedure and achieves beneficial long-term clinical results for DLSS.

There is growing evidence that air pollution plays a role in TB, but few studies have comprehensively included the six common air pollutants. Our objectives were to investigate the association between short-term exposure to six common air pollutants and the risk of tuberculosis outpatient visits in Fuyang, China, during the period 2015-2020. We combined the two models to explore the effects of exposure to six air pollutants on the risk of tuberculosis outpatient visits, including Poisson generalized linear regression model and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). We performed stratified analyses for season, gender and age. We used the lag-specific relative risks and cumulative relative risk obtained by increasing pollutant concentration by per 10 units to evaluate the connection between six air pollutants and TB, PM2.5 (RR=1.0018, 95%CI: 1.0004-1.0032, delay of 12 days) and (RR=1.0169,95%CI: 1.0007-1.0333, lag 0-16 days), SO2 were 0.9549 (95%CI: 0.9389-0.9712, lag 0 days) and 0.8212 (95%CI: 0.7351-0.9173, 0-20 days lag). Stratified analyses showed that seasonal differences had a greater impact on TB, and male more likely to develop TB than female, older people more likely to develop TB than younger people. Exposure to O3, CO, PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 increases the risk of TB outpatient visits, except SO2 reduces the risk. Male and elderly people should be protected. We need to pay more attention to the impact of seasonal effects on TB.

Purpose Despite concerns about the effect of internet addiction, little is known about how psychological suzhi impacts the internet addiction of college students. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between psychological suzhi and internet addiction among college students. Design/methodology/approach Using the college student psychological suzhi scale and internet addiction test, 2,070 college students from 11 universities in North China, East China, South China and Southwest China were tested. Findings The detection rate of internet addiction in this college sample of students was 18.8%. There was a significant negative correlation between students’ psychological suzhi and internet addiction (r = −0.408, p < 0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that adaptability and individuality in psychological suzhi significantly negatively predicted college students’ internet addiction tendency (p < 0.001). Originality/value This study is the first to show a relationship between psychological suzhi and internet addiction in college students. In detail, the adaptability and individuality of college students’ psychological suzhi are protective factors related to internet addiction. The results also suggested that the authors can prevent and intervene in internet addiction by modifying college students’ adaptability and individuality.

Past research with North American participants has demonstrated a naturalness bias in the medical context: people prefer natural drugs to synthetic drugs under a variety of situations. Does such a bias exist in other countries (such as China) where cultural values and practices are quite different from those in the United States? We conducted 3 studies ( N = 1,927) to investigate the naturalness bias with drugs and vaccines across cultures with American, Canadian, and Chinese participants. In studies 1A and 1B, participants chose or rated drugs (natural v. synthetic) for a hypothetical medical issue. The drugs were presented as having identical effectiveness and side effect profiles. Study 2 focused on a different medical context, vaccines, and required participants to rate their likelihood of taking vaccines (made from either more natural or more synthetic ingredients) for a harmful virus. The naturalness bias occurred across cultures in studies 1A and 1B, although it was not significant among Chinese participants in study 1B. In study 2, Chinese participants showed a stronger naturalness bias than Americans did, and safety concerns mediated the effect. Perceived safety accounted for the naturalness bias among Americans and Canadians, but did so only among Chinese in study 2. Overall, the results suggest that the naturalness bias in drug and vaccine decision making occurs across cultures, but Chinese participants may be more sensitive to the medical context. Highlights The naturalness bias — preferring natural to synthetic drugs or vaccines — occurred across cultures (Americans, Canadians, and Chinese). Chinese participants showed a stronger naturalness bias than Americans did when the medical context was focused on vaccination, and safety concerns mediated this effect. The naturalness bias may influence medical decision making across cultures, but Chinese participants may be more sensitive to naturalness in a vaccine context.

Some previous studies had linked air pollutants and greenness to the risk of death from tuberculosis (TB). Only a few studies had examined the effect of particulate matter (PM

Primary and secondary school teachers face increasing work stress, and more attention needs to be paid to their well-being. The present study was conducted to analyze the influence of work stress on the well-being of such teachers in China, and to explore the effects of family–work conflict and a self-transcendent meaning of life. A total of 562 primary and secondary school teachers completed questionnaires assessing work stress, family–work conflict, and a self-transcendent meaning of life (including grasping the meaning of failure and detachment from success or failure) as potential predictors of well-being. Work stress negatively predicted teachers’ well-being; family–work conflict mediated this relationship and a self-transcendent meaning of life moderated it. The results of this study can be used as a reference for education departments seeking to intervene to prevent teachers from developing well-being problems from the perspective of a self-transcendent meaning of life.

As a communicable disease and major public health issue, many studies have quantified the associations between tuberculosis (TB) and meteorological factors with inconsistent results. The purpose of this multicenter study was to characterize the associations between ambient temperature, humidity and the risk of TB hospitalizations and to investigate potential heterogeneity.Data on daily hospitalizations for TB, meteorological factors and ambient air pollutants for 16 cities in Anhui Province were collected from 2015 to 2020. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was performed to obtain the estimates of meteorological-TB relationships by cities. Then, we used the multivariate meta-regression model to pool the city-specific estimates with air pollution, demographic indicators, medical resource and latitude as potential modifiers to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Finally, we divided the whole province into three regions to validate the meteorological-TB relationships by regions.The overall pooled temperature-TB association presented an approximate S-shaped curve, with relative risk (RR) peaking at 5 °C (RR = 1.536, 95% CI: 1.303-1.811) compared to the reference temperature (27 °C). Lag-response curve suggested that low temperature exposure increased the risk of TB hospitalizations at lag 0 and 1 day (lag0 day: RR = 1.136, 95% CI: 1.048-1.231, lag1 day: RR = 1.052, 95% CI: 1.023-1.082). However, the overall exposure-response curve between relative humidity and TB showed almost horizontal line with reference relative humidity to 78%. The residual heterogeneity ranged from 27.1% to 36.9%, with air pollution, latitude and medical resource explained the largest proportion.We found that low temperature exposure is associated with an acute increased risk of TB hospitalizations in Anhui Province. The association between temperature and TB admission varies depending on air pollution, latitude, and medical resources. Since the effect of short-term exposure to humidity is not significant, further studies are supposed to focus on the long-term effect of humidity.

Spatial heterodyne scanning imaging combines the advantages of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy and imaging technology. It can obtain images and spectral information simultaneously with the characteristics of high spectral resolution, high flux, and small volume and can achieve spectral restoration of all target points in the measured area through scan imaging only once. When two-dimensional spatial information and one-dimensional spectral information are obtained, the imaging spectrum data cube is generated. Using MATLAB and ZEMAX as simulation software, image information with interference fringes was constructed, and the distribution of interference information was explored. A potassium lamp, xenon lamp, and tungsten lamp were used as different light sources to perform validation. Because of the influence of the scanning displacement error on the accuracy of interference information extraction, an algorithm for image spectrum reconstruction is proposed based on the principle of distribution of interference information. The speed-up robust features algorithm was used for image registration to improve accuracy. The experimental results show that the spectral information under the three light sources can be reconstructed, which corresponds to the standard spectrum from the optical fiber spectrometer. The feasibility of this imaging spectrum reconstruction has been preliminarily verified, and the spectral information of the desired target can be directly extracted from the data cube.

A growing number of biological studies suggest that exogenous sulfur dioxide (SO

Perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells have bright prospects to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) beyond the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit of single-junction solar cells. The star lead-based halide perovskites are well-recognized as suitable candidates for the front cell, thanks to their suitable band gap (∼1.8 eV), strong optical absorption, and high certified PCE. However, the toxicity of lead for the front cell and the lack of a narrow band gap (∼1.1 eV) for the rear cell seriously restrict the development of the two-junction tandem cell. To break through this bottleneck, a novel Dion-Jacobson (DJ)-type (

We develop a model potential to simulate the effective potential of a single active electron in monolayer graphene by taking the electron energy band structure calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) as a reference. Based on the single-electron Schr\"odinger equation, the model potential is used to calculate not only the energy band structure but also the transition dipole moment, charge density, and other physical quantities of graphene. These quantities are compared with results from DFT and a good consistency is achieved. The simulation of laser-graphene interaction with the same laser parameters as Yoshikawa et al. [Science 356, 736 (2017)] is performed with the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The obtained driving laser ellipticity scaling, the harmonic ellipticity, and the harmonic major-axis angle can well reproduce the experimental results. It is found that the carrier-envelope phase and chirp effects are capable of regulating high-order harmonic generation in monolayer graphene. The model potential method can be extended to field-free calculations and dynamic simulations in other materials as long as the corresponding model potential is constructed.

This study identified the effect of salicylic acid on degradation of isoproturon in Arabidopsis. Three T-DNA insertion mutant lines pal1- 1, pal1- 2, and eps1- 1 defective in salicylic acid synthesis were tested, which showed higher isoproturon accumulation and a toxic symptom in the mutants. When treated with 5 mg/L salicylic acid, these lines displayed a lower level of isoproturon and showed an attenuated toxic symptom. An RNA-sequencing study identified 2651 (1421 up and 1230 down) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in eps1- 1 and 2211 (1556 up and 655 down) in pal1- 2 mutant plants (2.0 fold change, p0.05). Some of the DEGs covered Phase I-III reaction components, like glycosyltransferases (GTs) and ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs). Using ultra performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-tandem-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS), 13 Phase I and four Phase II metabolites were characterized. Of these, two metabolites 1-OH-isopropyl-benzene-O-glucoside and 4-isopropylphenol-S-2-methylbutanoyl-serine, have been identified and reported for the first time.

Ever since clozapine’s introduction, as a second-generation antipsychotic drug (SGA), it is thought to be one of the most...

Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) plays a crucial role in the human brain. Although the association between the TPH2 gene and depression has been suggested in previous meta-analyses, studies based on Chinese subjects are often neglected. Therefore, we included some previous studies based on Chinese subjects to explore the relationship between TPH2 polymorphisms and depression via conducting an extensive meta-analysis. We reviewed 40 research papers that included data on TPH2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 5766 patients with depression and 5988 healthy subjects. The analysis showed an association between polymorphisms in the TPH2 gene and depression, and some results were significant in 24 studies that included Chinese Han study participants. The results of our meta-analysis showed that rs4570625, rs17110747, rs120074175, rs4290270, rs120074175, and rs4290270 may be significantly associated with depression, and that rs11178997 (A/A genotype) may be a significant risk factor for depression in the Chinese subjects. Based on the results of this study, biological experiments should be performed in the future to explore how different SNPs affect depression.

Exianliumi is a newly developed pesticide for controlling diseases caused by microbes or meloidogynes during plant vegetable and reproductive stages. To date, little is known about the environmental behavior and fate of its residues in soil. To explore its potential environmental risks to crop production and food safety, three typical Chinese agricultural soils were examined by analyzing adsorption, mobility leaching, and degraded metabolites of exianliumi in soils. Exianliumi inclined to bind more to Heilongjiang soil (HLJS), followed by Nanjing soil (NJS) and Jiangxi soil (JXS). Soil thin-layer chromatography and column leaching tests showed a weak migration in HLJS and strong mobility in JXS. Under the same condition, exianliumi rapidly decayed in NJS, followed by HLJS and JXS. The differential degradative capacity for exianliumi in the soils was related to chemical, physical and biological interactions basically through organic matter content, temperature, soil moisture and microorganisms. The half-normal, normal and pareto effect plots demonstrated that temperature, microorganisms and soil moisture dominantly influenced the degradation of exianliumi. We further characterized metabolites of exianliumi catabolized in NJS using High Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer/Mass Spectrometer (HRLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Eight degradation products and three conjugates of exianliumi were detected and the possible degradative pathways were highlighted. This is the first report about exianliumi degradation in soils with multi-pathways, which provides the basic data for environmental risk assessment of crop production and food security.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the activation and transport of atrazine in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the surfactant (Triton X-100) and to understand interactions between DOM, Triton X-100, and atrazine. Uncontaminated soils collected from Nanjing, China, along with DOM extracted from rice straw and Triton X-100 (TX-100), were used in the study. The sorption and desorption experiments were carried out using the standard batch equilibration analysis. Soil column leaching was conducted with soil samples packed into PVC columns. Soil thin-layer chromatography was performed using soil and water mixture spread on a 0.5–0.7-mm-thick layer over 20 × 10-cm glass plates. Atrazine accumulation in maize was determined by planting maize in plastic pots (1 L) containing 1 kg soil mixed with 1.0 mg kg−1 atrazine. Soils were watered with different solutions, with the relative water content of 60%. Using batch experiment and soil thin-layer chromatography, application of DOM and surfactant reduced sorption and increased desorption of atrazine in soil. In column experiment, DOM and surfactant significantly promoted the mobility of atrazine in soil and the total concentration of atrazine in leachate of the soil column. Accumulation of atrazine in both maize roots and shoots increased with the elevated concentration of surfactant, whereas the content of atrazine declined with the increase of the DOM concentration. Dissolved organic matter and TX-100 affected the partitioning and transport of atrazine in soil–water and soil–plant ecosystems.

Objective: To revise and explore the application of the student teacher professional identity scale in pre-service kindergarten teachers (STPIS-PK). Methods: 450 preservice kindergarten teachers were surveyed by the student teacher professional identity scale. Results: 1) The EFA supported that teacher professional identity consisted of four subscales: professional values, professional willingness, professional efficiency and professional volition. Also the CFA confirmed the hypothesized four-factor model (x2 = 133.277, x2/df = 2.777, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.901, RMSEA = 0.047). The Criteria-related validity was remarkable; 2) The internal consistency of teacher professional identity scale was 0.801 and the four subscales were from 0.628 to 0.789. For two weeks, the test-retest reliability was from 0.616 to 0.786. Conclusion: In sum, this study generated evidence that the STPIS-PK developed in the study is a psychometrically sound and valid instruments to measure pre-service kindergarten teachers’ professional identity.

Hypoxic‑ischemia stress causes severe brain injury, leading to death and disability worldwide. Although it has been reported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an essential step in the progression of hypoxia or ischemia‑induced brain injury, the underlying molecular mechanisms are and have not yet been fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence has indicated that both nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play an important role in the development of cerebral ischemic injury. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the association between NO signaling and the cystathionine β‑synthase (CBS)/H2S system on ER stress in a cell model of cerebral hypoxia‑ischemia injury. We found that oxygen‑glucose deprivation (OGD) markedly increased the NO level and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) activity. 3‑Bromo‑7‑nitroindazole (3‑Br‑7‑NI), a relatively selective nNOS inhibitor, abolished the OGD‑induced inhibition of cell viability and the increased expression of ER stress‑related proteins, including glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved caspase‑12 in PC12 cells, indicating the contribution of excessive nNOS/NO signaling to OGD‑induced ER stress. Furthermore, we found that OGD increased the phosphorylated AMP‑activated protein kinase (p‑AMPK)/AMPK ratio, and the AMPK activator, 5‑aminoimidazole‑4‑carboxamide‑1‑β‑D‑ribofuranoside (AICAR), attenuated the effects on OGD‑induced ER stress, suggesting that OGD‑induced NO overproduction results in AMPK activation in PC12 cells. We also found that OGD induced the downregulation of the CBS/H2S system, as indicated by the decreased H2S level in the culture supernatant and CBS activity in PC12 cells. In addition, we found that treatment with NaHS (a H2S donor) or S‑adenosyl‑L‑methionine (SAM, a CBS agonist) mitigated OGD‑induced ER stress, as well as the NO level, nNOS activity and AMPK phosphorylation in PC12 cells. On the whole, these results suggest that the inhibition of the CBS/H2S system, which facilitated excessive nNOS/NO/AMPK activation, contributes to OGD‑induced ER stress.

We studied the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from 2D solid materials in circularly and bichromatic circularly polarized laser fields numerically by simulating the dynamics of single-active-electron processes in 2D periodic potentials. Contrary to the absence of HHG in the atomic case, circular HHGs below the bandgap with different helicities are produced from intraband transitions in solids with C4 symmetry driven by circularly polarized lasers. Harmonics above the bandgap are elliptically polarized due to the interband transitions. High-order elliptically polarized harmonics can be generated efficiently by both co-rotating and counter-rotating bicircular mid-infrared lasers. The cutoff energy, ellipticity, phase, and intensity of the harmonics can be tuned by the control of the relative phase difference between the 1ω and 2ω fields in bicircularly polarized lasers, which can be utilized as an ultrafast optical tool to image the structure of solids.

We investigate theoretically interference effects between inter- and intraband currents in high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from solids by numerically solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation (TDSE) for a model crystal and the semiconductor Bloch equation (SBE) for a real material zinc oxide (ZnO). The TDSE method is used to extract the explicit dynamic process of interference. We find that the contribution from constructive interference dominates the harmonic spectrum when the interband current and intraband current have good synchronism. When they lose synchronism, destructive interference counteracts contributions from inter- and intraband currents. The phase differences between intra- and interband harmonics are close to zero and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ when constructive and destructive interferences occur, respectively. In $k$ space, constructive (destructive) interference occurs near a moment when electrons at most transit to a higher (lower) energy band. Interference effects create fine structures in harmonic spectra and lead to suppression of harmonic signals which can be directly measured in experiments. The interference effect is also investigated by using the SBE method in HHG from ZnO.

As a novel remote sensing technique, polarimetric detecting technology is a useful supplement to traditional hyperspectral remote sensing technology, which provides more information for remote sensing. By taking advantage of the polarization characteristics of the surface reflecting light of soil with different moisture, the polarization spectral method is applied to measure soil moisture. The spectropolarimeter was used to measure the polarized reflectance spectrum of different soil moisture. The correlation between soil moisture and polarization spectrum was analyzed. The polarization characteristics of soil surface reflecting light in different viewing angles were surveyed by experiments. The experimental results show that: in the higher soil moisture conditions, the polarization spectrum and soil moisture have a certain connection, especially in the 500～700 nm band and soil moisture is directly proportional to the degree of polarization; but in low soil moisture conditions, the correlation of polarization spectrum and soil moisture is not obvious; in addition, the polarization spectrum are influenced by viewing angles, for example, when the incident angle of source light is fixed at 50°, while the viewing angle of instrument is between 20° and 60°, the degree of polarization increases with the viewing angle. When the viewing angle becomes wider,, the degree of polarization changed more significantly with the soil moisture.

Jasmonic acid (JA) [or methyl-jasmonic acid (MeJA)] is one of the important regulators of plant growth, development, and defense with respect to environmental stresses, but how JA is involved in mediation of pesticide accumulation and degradation in plants is largely unknown. This study investigated the contribution of MeJA to detoxification and degradation of isoproturon (IPU) residues in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Wheat plants were exposed to 4 mg of isoproturon kg–1 (environmentally realistic concentration). The level of growth and chlorophyll concentration were reduced, while the electrolyte permeability in plants was enhanced. When plants were sprayed with 0.1 μM MeJA, the phytotoxicity induced by isoproturon was significantly assuaged, which was manifested by an increased chlorophyll concentration and a reduced level of cellular damage in wheat. Activities of several stress marker enzymes with isoproturon were repressed in the presence of MeJA. We measured accumulation of isoproturon in wheat and it...

We herein report a simple and effective method to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings by grafting polystyrene (PS) onto the vinyltriethoxysilane modified hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNs) using free radical polymerization. The resulting products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy, confirming that the PS successfully grafted onto the vinyl-modified HSNs via a covalent bond. The morphological structure of HSN film, investigated by SEM, showed a characteristic rough structure. Surface wetting properties of the HSN films were evaluated by measuring the water contact angle and the sliding angle using a contact angle goniometer, which were measured to be 158° and 6°, respectively. Moreover, the classic and the modified Cassie–Baxter relations were applied on the HSN films to verify the superhydrophobic performance.

In this paper a new type of approach was introduced which aim on the experimental class content choice of the electronic information class. Take advantage the genetic algorithm (GA), and combine the evaluation marking system. We can make choice more adaptable and intelligence. The experiment date show the algorithm is effectively.

We systematically studied the geometrical structures, relative stabilities, electronic properties and chemical hardness of Au n Cd (n =1–12) clusters based on the framework of the density functional theory using relativistic all-electron methods. Low-lying energy structures include two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometries. Especially, all the lowest-energy structures of Au n Cd (n =1 −12) clusters are inclined to be planar geometries with slight distortion, in which the dopant Cd atom has higher coordination at n =2–6, but lower coordination at n =7–12. The fragmentation energies, second-order difference of energies, the highest occupied–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps and chemical hardness of Au n Cd and Au n+1 exhibit a pronounced even–odd alternations phenomenon in the reverse order This result indicates that the geometrical, electronic and chemical stabilities of Au n Cd with even number of valence electrons are higher than those of the neighbouring Au n Cd with odd number of valence electrons and corresponding Au n+1 with odd number of valence electrons. Additionally, 4d valence electrons orbital of impurity Cd atom in Au n Cd hardly joins in the orbital interactions compared with 5d valence electrons of corresponding Au atom in Au n+1. Au–Cd bonds of Au n Cd clusters are weaker and have more obviously ionic-like characteristics than the corresponding Au–Au bonds of Au n+1.

The copolymer of styrene and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether monoacrylate (PS-co-AADGEBA) was synthesized by three steps from raw materials, and then it was used to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface via a phase separation method. In particular the superhydrophobic surface not only exhibits superhydrophobicity towards water and corrosive liquids, including acidic and basic solutions, but also shows good transparency, improved robustness and excellent aging resistance. Furthermore, the PS-co-AADGEBA was also successfully grafted onto the surface of amino-functionalized hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs-NH2), then a (PS-co-AADGEBA)-g-(HSNs-NH2) nanocomposite superhydrophobic surface was prepared. The obtained surfaces are promising materials for numerous potential application fields, including electronics, biomedical, martial and defense-related areas.

We studied the electronic and magnetic properties of ZnO nanosheet with intrinsic defects using the first-principles method based on the density functional theory. The ZnO nanosheet with VO does not exhibit magnetism. However, the ZnO nanosheet with a single VZn has the magnetic ground state and the calculated total magnetic moment is 1.60 μB that mainly originates from the unpaired O 2p electrons. Formation energy calculation directly indicates that the V Zn 0 plays a critical role of the magnetism. Furthermore, the ground magnetic coupling between the Zn vacancies is ferromagnetic.

In this paper, aqueous methanol (methanol concentration 1000 mg·l-1) degradation was studied by using UV/Fenton, and effect of methanol degradation was evaluated with COD removal rate. When pH was determined, H2O2 dosage, Fe2+ dosage and reaction time were investigated by single factor test, respectively. In the orthogonal experiment, UV/Fenton was used to deal with wastewater of 1000 mg·l-1methanol, the order of the influent factors on COD removal was: H2O2 dosage > reaction time > Fe2+ content. Under the optimal condition (6%H2O250 ml·l-1, Fe2+ 0.9 g·l-1, reaction time 60 min), 95.77% COD removal rate was obtained. In addition, a comparison of UV, Fenton regent and UV/Fenton system indicated that UV and Fe2+ had synergistic effect on catalytic decomposition of H2O2, and reaction time to obtain the highest COD removal was shorted 10 min when UV/Fenton was used.

Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 gene is the major susceptible gene associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), it has been recognized that non-HLA-B27 genes also play key roles in the development of AS. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the exon region of the programmed cell death 1 (PDCD-1) gene is associated with the susceptibility or the thoracolumbar kyphosis severity of AS in a Chinese Han population.A total of 255 AS patients between January 2008 and October 2012 were recruited in this study. Two hundred and three healthy patients were recruited as normal controls. According to the severity of thoracolumbar kyphosis, the AS patients were further divided into group A (patients with kyphosis70°, n = 135) and group B (patients with kyphosis ≥70°, n = 120). One exon polymorphism, rs2227982 (C/T) of PDCD-1 gene, was selected for analysis. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan probe assays in all the subjects.There were significant differences of genotype distributions of rs2227982 between AS patients and normal controls. The frequency of the T allele was significantly higher in AS patients when compared with normal controls. The frequency of the T allele in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. Carriage of the TT genotype increased the risk of severe thoracolumbar kyphosis 1.9-fold in AS patients.Our study confirms a significant association between the SNP rs2227982 of PDCD-1 gene and the susceptibility of AS in a Chinese Han population. Moreover, the TT genotype is suggested to be associated with the severity of thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to AS.

A comparative study between all-electron relativistic (AER) calculation and all-electron (AE) calculation on the H2 molecule adsorption onto small gold clusters has been performed. Compared with the corresponding Au n H2 cluster obtained by AE method, the Au n H2 cluster obtained by AER method has much shorter Au–H bond-length, much longer H–H distance, larger binding energy and adsorption energy, higher vertical ionization potentials (VIP), greater charge transfer, higher vibrational frequency of Au–H mode and lower vibrational frequency of H–H mode. The delocalization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for Au n H2 cluster obtained by AER method is obvious. All these characteristics suggest that the scalar relativistic effect might strengthen the Au–H bond and weaken the H–H bond. It is believed that the scalar relativistic effect is favourable to the H2 molecule adsorption onto small gold cluster and the reactivity enhancement of H2 molecule. It may be one of the reasons why the dissociative adsorptions take place in some Au n H2 clusters. With increasing size of Au n H2 clusters, the influence of scalar relativistic effect becomes more significant. Some further studies focused on the influence of scalar relativistic effect on the adsorption behaviour of other small molecules onto gold clusters are necessary in the future.

InGaN thin films with near entire indium composition range have been successfully grown on GaN/sapphire (0001) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Samples are studied by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), respectively. They are all obtained with smooth data. Based on JFEFF calculation program, the Nitrogen K-edge X-Ray absorption energy is about 400eV, which matches with the measurement data.