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Solid waste has interactions with its flue-gas products during combustion, which offers the possibility of regulating its pollutant emissions. Especially, these interaction pathways would be clearer under anaerobic conditions when the chemical-looping combustion (CLC) process is used. The CLC experiments of multi-component solid waste were conducted on a homemade twin-bed reactor and the characteristics of flue gas were investigated for the effect of the mixing ratio of sewage sludge and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The results indicated that the combustion efficiency was >99.9% for these CLC processes; the highest carbon-conversion rate was obtained at 96.3% for PVC with 60% sludge. The highest NO and SO2 emissions were 26% and 19%, respectively, when the sludge was mixed with 20% PVC. As the proportion of PVC blended into the sludge increased, the time when the concentration of NO in the flue-gas peaks moved backwards, while peak SO2 concentration moved forward. The general trend was to increase first and then decrease. In addition, there were multiple peaks in carbon emissions, corresponding to ~10%, 30% and ~70% of the carbon-conversion rate; nitrogen emissions reached 90% of total emissions before the carbon-conversion rate was 40%; sulphur emissions had a longer cycle and were mainly emitted between 10% and 60% of the carbon-conversion rate. The results are expected to provide a reference for solid-waste source suppressing to inhibit the generation of pollutants.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used NPs. Their adverse effects on either the host or its gut microbiota (GM) have been examined. Nevertheless, whether the GM plays any role in AgNP toxicity to the host remains unclear. In the present study, AgNPs were administered to mice by oral gavage once a day for 120 days. A significant dose-dependent accumulation of Ag in the liver was observed, with a steady state reached within 21 days. The AgNPs changed the structure of the GM, mainly with respect to microorganisms involved in the metabolism of energy, amino acids, organic acids, and lipids, as predicted in a PICRUST analysis. Effects of the AgNPs on liver metabolism were also demonstrated, as a KEGG pathway analysis showed the enrichment of pathways responsible for the metabolism of amino acids, purines and pyrimidine, lipids, and energy. More interestingly, the changes in GM structure and liver metabolism were highly correlated, evidenced by the correlation between ∼23% of the differential microorganisms at the genus level and ∼60% of the differential metabolites. This implies that the metabolic variations in liver as affected by AgNPs were partly attributable to NP-induced changes of GM structure. Therefore, our results demonstrate the importance of considering the roles of GM in the toxicity of NPs to the host in evaluations of the health risks of NPs.

Background: Both apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) inhibition and melatonin suppress prostate cancer (PCa) growth. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficiency of self-assembled and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted nanocarrier loading 125I radioactive particles and encapsulating siRNA targeting APE1 (siAPE1) and melatonin for PCa. Methods: The linear polyarginine R12 polypeptide was prepared using Fmoc-Arg-Pbf-OH. The PSMA-targeted polymer was synthesized by conjugating azide-modified R12 peptide to PSMA monoclonal antibody (mAb). Before experiments, the PSMA-R12 nanocarrier was installed with melatonin and siAPE1, which were subsequently labeled by 125I radioactive particles. In vitro biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of nanocomposites were examined in LNCaP cells and in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics were determined using PCa tumor-bearing mice. Results: PSMA-R12 nanocarrier was ~120 nm in size and was increased to ~150 nm by melatonin encapsulation. PSMA-R12 nanoparticles had efficient loading capacities of siAPE1, melatonin, and 125I particles. The co-delivery of melatonin and siAPE1 by PSMA-R12-125I showed synergistic effects on suppressing LNCaP cell proliferation and Bcl-2 expression and promoting cell apoptosis and caspase-3 expression. Pharmacokinetics analysis showed that Mel@PSMA-R12-125I particles had high uptake activity in the liver, spleen, kidney, intestine, and tumor, and were accumulated in the tumor sites within the first 8 h p.i., but was rapidly cleared from all the tested organs at 24 h p.i. Administration of nanoparticles to PCa tumors in vivo showed that Mel@PSMA-R12-125I/siAPE1 had high efficiency in suppressing PCa tumor growth. Conclusion: The PSMA-targeted nanocarrier encapsulating siAPE1 and melatonin is a promising therapeutic strategy for PCa.

Magnetic field annealing (MFA) was used to tailor the magnetostriction and magnetic domains of Fe80Ga16Al4 alloy, and the relationship between the two characteristics was studied. The -oriented alloy was prepared by the directional solidification technique and annealed for 20 min at 700 °C in a magnetic field of 250 mT along a direction 45° to the orientation, followed by furnace cooling in the same magnetic field. The magnetostriction along the length direction (λ∥), the width direction ( $$\lambda_{ \bot }$$ ) and the saturation magnetostriction (λs) was changed from λ∥ = 208 × 10−6 and $$\lambda_{ \bot }$$ = − 16 × 10−6 of the initial alloy to λ∥ ≈ − $$\lambda_{ \bot }$$ ≈ ½ λs ≈ 112 × 10−6 after MFA. The magnetic domain structure, which mainly refers to the number, size, and direction of the domains, was tailored and rearranged by MFA. This rearrangement of the magnetic domain structure resulted in a shift of magnetostrictive properties parallel and perpendicular to the orientation for the Fe80Ga16Al4 alloy. This magnetic field annealing method can aid understanding of the relationship between the microscopic magnetic domains and the macroscopic magnetostrictive properties. It can also aid in further tailoring better magnetostrictive properties within magnetostrictive materials to meet the requirements of different application conditions.

Fe83Ga17 alloy is a kind of promising magnetostrictive alloys with high magnetostrictive properties and a low saturation magnetic field. As-cast Fe83Ga17Dyx (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) polycrystalline alloys were prepared by arc melting. Effect of Dy doping on the microstructure, magnetostrictive and mechanical properties of as-cast Fe83Ga17 alloy was investigated. Results show that Dy-doped alloys exhibit a dual-phase structure containing the A2 matrix and Dy-rich precipitates (Fe56Ga34Dy10). Both magnetostriction and mechanical properties of Fe83Ga17 alloys are improved by Dy doping. A small amount of Dy addition (x=0.2) significantly causes Fe83Ga17 alloy to transform from typical brittle material (fracture strain e

Endosymbiotic bacteria Cardinium and Wolbachia play an important role in the growth and development of mites. However, the mechanisms of their reproductive manipulations in host mites, especially inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), is still unclear. In the study, transcriptional responses of a spider mite, Tetranychus turkestani, jointly infected with Cardinium and Wolbachia, were analyzed based on RNA-Seq. Potential target genes of reproductive regulation and inducing CI were identified with functions and metabolism pathways, especially detoxification metabolic processes, redox processes, as well as reproductive and immune-related pathways, while the mites uninfected with Cardinium and Wolbachia were used as the control for comparative transcriptome analysis. Our transcriptional outputs provide a rich resource for the mechanisms of double infection on reproduction manipulation of mites, and can be explored in detail in symbiotic interactions between microbes and their multicellular hosts.

Because the traditional coal-fired heating mode consumes a lot of energy and is harmful to the environment, it produces a clean heating mode using electric energy, which is realized by energy storage heating equipment. The operation of energy storage heating equipment needs to be planned according to the electricity characteristics of clean heating. Therefore, a method based on large data model is proposed to integrate the electricity characteristics of clean heating using Hadoop platform. Then, according to the integrated data, the electricity load characteristics, electricity consumption characteristics, electricity consumption cycle characteristics and regional characteristics are identified to complete the electricity characteristics of clean heating. Farewell. Through experimental demonstration, it is proved that this method can effectively identify the electrical characteristics of clean heating and accurately predict the future heating data.

In order to improve the mechanical properties of basalt fiber/epoxy composites, carboxylic CNTs were filled into the epoxy matrix of basalt fiber/epoxy composites. Firstly, the carboxylic CNTs filled epoxy composites with different carboxylic CNTs content were studied. Quasi-static and dynamic compression results show that when the content of carboxylic CNTs increased from 0wt% to 1wt%, both ultimate quasi-static and dynamic compressive strength of CNTs filled epoxy composites showed increasing tendencies. However when the content of carboxylic CNTs increased from 1 wt% to 1.5 wt% both ultimate quasi-static and dynamic compressive had decreasing tendencies. Base on above results, carboxylic CNTs (1wt%) filled basalt fiber/epoxy composites were fabricated by mould pressing method. Quasi-static and dynamic compression results showed that both ultimate quasi-static and ultimate dynamic compressive strength of carboxylic CNTs filled basalt fiber/epoxy composite were enhanced compared with those of basalt fiber/epoxy composites without CNTs. However, the critical failure strain were all lower than those of basalt fiber/epoxy composites without CNTs. Failure mechanism analysis showed that the carboxylic CNTs was beneficial for forming good interfacial bonding between epoxy matrix and basalt fibers, and the advantage of high axial tensile strength of basalt fibers could be fully utilized, which is responsible for the enhanced ultimate compressive strength of carboxylic CNTs filled basalt fiber/epoxy composites.

In order to compare greenhouse gases emission from different animal manures and to explore how different animal manures effect on soil mineralization, three kinds of materials, cattle, goat and chicken manure were amended to soil for 14 days incubation as CtS (cattle manure-amended soil), GS (goat manure-amended soil) and ChS (chicken manure-amended soil). Cumulative NH3 emissions in all treatments were rapidly increased until day 7 and then it was slightly increased in three manure-amended soils but maintained in control until day 14. GS had the highest NH3 emission at 0.14 mg kg-1 during the entire experimental period. Emissions of CO2 were highly increased by 7.8-, 9.0- and 12.4-fold in CtS, GS and ChS, respectively, compared to control at day 14. A significant increase of N2O emission in all treatments occurred within 5 days and then it was slightly increased until day 14. N2O emission was 2-fold higher in all manure-amended soils than that of control. Compared to day 1, inorganic N (NH4 + plus NO3 --N) content was highly increased in all four treatments at day 14. The increase rate was the highest in CtS treatment. Net N mineralization was increased by 4.0-, 2.4- and 2.9-fold in CtS, GS and ChS, respectively, compared to control. These results indicate that increase of NH3, CO2 and N2O gas emissions was positively related to high N mineralization.

Background: Wild rodents are the intermediate hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. The distribution of genetic diversity of T. gondii in wild rodents is of importance to understand the transmission of this parasite. This study aimed to genetically characterize T. gondii isolates from wild rodents in Sichuan province, southwestern China in 2013. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 g wild rodents’ brain samples. Semi-nested PCR and multilocous PCR-RFLP technology were performed to examine genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates as described previously. Results: Overall, 181 brain tissues of different wild rodents, including Eothenomys miletus (n=88), Crocidura attenuate (n=9), Rattus rattus sladeni (n=46), Mus musculus Linnaeus (n=6) and R. niviventer (n=32) were tested for T. gondii DNA, respectively. Six of them were positive for the T. gondii B1 gene by semi-nested PCR amplification, 4 showed complete genotyping results for all 11 polymorphic loci (SAG1, SAG2, alt. SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, C22-8, C29-2 and Apico) by PCR-RFLP, determined to represent a potential new genotype (http://toxodb.org/toxo/). Conclusion: These results documented genetic characterization of T. gondii in wild rodents from Sichuan province, and enriched the genetic diversity of T. gondii in China.

Micro energy network, as an important form of energy Internet, is one of the development trend of the future energy system. The frame of micro energy network is proposed using the micro energy network in Qingdao as an example. The optimal scheduling model of micro energy network based on Time-of-use (TOU) policy, with the minimum energy cost as objective function, is built in the paper. The model is solved by nonlinear optimization method and the output of the equipment in the micro energy network is obtained to meet the different daily load demands. According to the optimized results, the peak regulating strategy is proposed. The result shows that the optimal scheduling model of micro energy network based on TOU policy can improve the economy and make micro energy network play a great role in ‘cut peak and fill valley’.

Rodents play an important role in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii; however, little is known about the seroprevalence and genetic diversity of T. gondii infection in rodents in Yunnan Province, China. In this study, we examined the seroprevalence and genetically characterized T. gondii infection in naturally infected rodents in Yunnan Province between March and July 2016. In total, 261 serum samples were collected from rodents in the Jingha district, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and examined for T. gondii antibodies by modified agglutination test (MAT) at a 1:20 cut-off, with titers of 1:20 in 24 samples, 1:40 in 10, 1:80 in 10, and 1:160 in 4. Thirty-two of 261 (12.26%) serum samples were positive for T. gondii by MAT. In total, 751 rodent brain samples were examined by semi-nested PCR; 46 (6.13%) were positive for the T. gondii B1 gene, 2 of which showed complete genotyping results for all 11 polymorphic loci (SAG1, SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, C22-8, C29-2, and Apico). The 2 samples were characterized to represent ToxoDB#137 ( http://toxodb.org/toxo/ ). These findings enriched the epidemiological and genetic diversity of T. gondii in China and have implications for the better prevention and control of T. gondii infection in humans and animals.

The objective of this study was to explore the biological roles of microRNA-140 (miR-140) in tumor growth, migration, and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) in vivo and in vitro. Between 2007 and 2014, 47 cases of OS samples and normal bone tissue samples adjacent to OS were selected from our hospital. Tissue biopsies from OS patients were used to measure miR-140 levels to obtain a correlation between clinicopathological features and miR-140 expression. In vitro, MG63 human osteosarcoma cells were divided into four groups: blank group, miR-140 mimic group, miR-140 inhibitor group, and negative control (NC; empty plasmid) group. qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-140 expression, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle distribution, and scratch migration assay was used to detect cell migration. In vivo, the relative expression of miR-140 level in OS tissue was lower than that in the adjacent normal bone tissue. miR-140 expression is inversely correlated with tumor size, Enneking stage, and tumor metastasis. In vitro, compared with blank group and NC group, relative miR-140 expression was increased, cell proliferation was inhibited, cell population in G0/G1 phase was increased, cell population in G2/M phase and S phases and proliferation index (PI), and cell migration distance were decreased in the miR-140 mimic group, but the relative expression and all the cell indexes were found opposite trend in the miR-140 inhibitor group. In conclusion, in vivo and vitro findings provided evidence that miR-140 could inhibit the growth, migration, and metastasis of OS cells.

Five new prenylated diphenyl ethers ( 1 – 5 ), five known ones ( 6 – 10 ), and three xanthones ( 11 – 13 ), together with three anthraquinone derivatives ( 14 – 16 ), were obtained from the mantis-associated fungus Aspergillus versicolor GH-2. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The (2″ S ) absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by using the modified Mosher ester method. The known compounds 9 and 12 exhibited antibacterial activity against the clinical strain Streptococcus pyogenes with the MIC values of 2.5 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively.

Microbial constructions of secondary metabolites are generally biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC)-based, and the forging of different BGC-sourced intermediates tends to be overlooked. Here, we show that the dalesconol bioassembly lines in Daldinia eschscholzii can sequester guest intermediates (i.e., building blocks produced outside the dalesconol biosynthetic gene cluster) to form arrays of skeletally undescribed molecules such as (+)-dalescone A, a potent inhibitor against the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Owing to the negligible or acceptable immunogenicity, small molecules capable of inducing the differentiation of undifferentiated stem cells into organ-specific cell types are particularly promising in developing replacement therapy, but such compounds with undescribed architectures are extremely rare. Selesconol (1) is discovered from the culture of Daldinia eschscholzii IFB-TL01 as a skeletally unprecedented inducer for the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells, with its unique framework clarified to derive from the intermediate tautomerization of the dalesconol A biosynthetic pathway.

In this paper, we selected the largest lakes wetlands Wuliangsuhai which in the same latitude of earth as study object. The TM satellite imagery of 2001 and 2010 was the data source. By Sensor calibrating and geometric precision correcting of information preprocessing, I analysis of different bands, spectral values, normalized difference vegetation index NDVI and water index NDWI characteristics on the basis of the establishment of the decision tree, classify information, and extract Wuliangsuhai aquatic vegetation information. This research has got a good extraction aquatic vegetation results of lakes and wetlands; the classification accuracy was 91.92% and 88.31% respectively. The results showed that wetland submerged plants area of 2010 in Wuliangsuhai lakes shrank by 67.81 % compared to 2001, and the water surface area of lake increased by 60.67%. These reflect that the eutrophication get a degree of control in Wuliangsuhai lakes wetland.

Muller cells support the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier, whereas their dysfunction under pathological conditions may contribute to retinal edema formation. The apelin peptide, as the endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ, participates in numbers of physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies highlight its emerging role against ischemic injury. Our study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotection of apelin for primary rat retinal Muller cells under hypoxia or glucose-deprivation (GD) by cell viability, migration and apoptosis, as well as apelin/APJ immunofluorescence labeling and mRNA expression. The results showed that exogenous apelin significantly stimulated Muller cells viability and migration under normal, hypoxic and glucose-free condition, also prevented apoptosis. Apelin immunoreactivities represented weak and diffuse staining in the cytoplasm, along with restricted nuclear APJ expression. They both appeared stronger immunoreactivities after 12h hypoxia. Under hypoxic stress, apelin mRNA expression began to increase at 6h (9.97 folds, p

Two kinds of imide dicarboxylic acid monomers, 4,4'-bis(trimellitimido) diphenyl ether Ⅰ and p-trimellitimido-benzoic acid Ⅱ were successfully synthesized from 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and p-aminobenzoic acid with trimellitic anhydride respectively.and used to synthesize a series of new aromatic poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) by the tri-phenyl phosphite-activated polycondensation method. The preparation of PAIs was carried out using triphenyl phosphate and pyridine symtem. The PAIs had inherent viscosities of 0.55–1.46 dL g-1. PAI films were obtained by casting their N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution. Their cast films had tensile strengths ranging from 37.4 to 83.9 MPa. The glass-transition temperatures (measured by differential scanning calorimetry) were in the range of 265-310°C. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the polymers were fairly stable up to temperature around 420°C, and 10% weight losses in the temperature range of 474-550°C in nitrogen, that showed good thermal stabilities of these polymers.

A new method for catalyzed synthesis of triazolopyrimidine derivatives is reported. Alkylamine reaction with dialkyl cyanodithioiminocarbonate was catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salts at room temperature to yield 3-alkylamine-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole in good quality and high yields. After imidization and reaction with an α,β-unsaturated acid derivative, the reaction intermediate was hydrolyzed in the presence of a Lewis acid to obtain the target product. This novel catalytic method for triazolopyrimidine derivatives can be carried out under inexpensive and mild conditions, and is safe and environmentally friendly. 1H NMR results for all intermediates are reported.

In the present study, the effect of Fumigaclavine C, a fungal metabolite, on murine experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and its possible mechanism were examined in vivo and vitro. Oral administration of Fumigaclavine C dose-dependently attenuated the loss of body weight and shortening of colon length induced by DSS. The disease activity index, histopathologic scores of musco was also significantly reduced by Fumigaclavine C treatment. Protein and mRNA levels of DSS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17A, were markedly suppressed by Fumigaclavine C. At the same time, decreased activation of caspase-1 in peritoneal macrophages was detected in Fumigaclavine C -treated mice which suggested that the NLRP3 inflammasome activation was suppressed. Furthermore, in the LPS plus ATP cell model, we found that Fumigaclavine C dose-dependent inhibited IL-1β release and caspase-1 activation. Taken together, our results demonstrate the ability of Fumigaclavine C to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and give some evidence for its potential use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

This study investigated the biological effects of microRNA-126 overexpression in human MG63 osteosarcoma cells. A recombinant plasmid expressing microRNA-126, pcDNA6.2-microRNA-126, was constructed and transfected into MG63 cells. Using real-time fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the microRNA-126 expression was measured in microRNA-126-MG63 group, Ctrl-MG63 group, and blank group. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell migration, and invasion were analyzed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometer, wound-healing assay, and transwell assay, respectively. As expected, microRNA-126 expression was higher in microRNA-126-MG63 group than in Ctrl-MG63 group and blank group (both P < .05). After 48/72 hours of transfection, cell proliferation in microRNA-126-MG63 group was significantly reduced compared to blank group (both P < .05). Compared to blank group, cell population in G0/G1 stage was significantly higher in microRNA-126-MG63 group, accompanied by lower cell numbers in the S and G2/M phases and decreased proliferation index (all P < .05). Wound-healing assay showed a wider scratch width in microRNA-126-MG63 group and reduced cell migration than blank group (both P < .05). Cells overexpressing microRNA-126 exhibited reduced ADAM9 expression levels compared to other 2 groups (all P < .05), suggesting ADAM9 is a target of microRNA-126. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion rates were reduced in microRNA-126 group after 48/72 hours of transfection, compared with blank group (all P < .05). Cotransfection of pcDNA6.2-microRNA-126 and pMIR-ADAM9 into MG63 cells led to higher cell proliferation, invasion, and migration rates, compared with transfection of pcDNA6.2-microRNA-126 alone (all P < .05). In summary, our data show that microRNA-126 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in human osteosarcoma cells by targeting ADAM9.

To compare the thickness and functional changes of the macula after idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IEM) surgery.A retrospective study. Thirty-seven patients (37 eyes) received surgical treatment of IEM. All patients received standard three-port vitrectomy as well as epiretinal membrane peeling. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR) were recorded and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to evaluate central foveal thickness (CFT). Microperimetry (MP)-1 was used for the mean sensitivity (MS) of central 10° macula area. SPSS13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Rank and testing methods were used to compare the preoperative and postoperative BCVA, paired t testing method was used to compare the preoperative and postoperative CFT and MS values. Correlation analysis was used to study the BCVA, CFT, and MS. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyze measurement data and Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze rating data.Postoperatively, the BCVA (0.1 - 0.7, median 0.4) was significantly better (Z = -4.97, P0.05) than the preoperative one (0.3 - 1.3, median 0.7). The CFT (246.2 ± 60.4) µm was significantly thinner (t = 15.86, P0.05) than the preoperative one (482.2 ± 101.8)µm. The MS of central 10° macula area (18.6 ± 1.8) dB was significantly higher (t = -9.20, P0.05) than the preoperative one (14.1 ± 3.4) dB. Thicker preoperative CFT was associated with a lower preoperative BCVA (r(s) = 0.91, P0.05), a lower MS of central 10° macula area (r = -0.82, P0.05) and a lower postoperative BCVA level (r(s) = 0.63, P0.05). But with a significant postoperative CFT reduce (r = 0.81, P0.05) and a significant postoperative BCVA increase (r(s) = 0.71, P0.05).Vitrectomy combined with macular epiretinal membrane removal can effectively promote the recovery of macular thickness and function in patients with IEM. Examination and analysis of preoperative CFT, BCVA and MS of macula area may help to predict the recovery of CFT and function objectively in patients of IEM.

To investigate the macular retinal sensitivity and fixation stability rates in normal subjects of middle and old age by using the MP-1 microperimetry.This was a normal value test which enrolled 60 healthy subjects aging from 41 to 70 years old. It detected the retinal function of the central 10 degrees of the macular by using the MP-1 microperimetry. Sixty subjects were divided into three groups according to their ages: group A from 41 to 50, group B from 51 to 60 and group C from 61 to 70. Rank and testing methods were used to compare the mean retinal sensitivity (MS) within the central 10 degrees of the macular among the three groups, and P0.017 was used for statistical significance. Rank and testing methods were used to compare MS of different locations in the macular fovea, and P0.025 was used for statistical significance. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the age and retinal MS values.The retinal MS within the central 10 degrees of the macular in 60 eyes of the 60 subjects was (19.7833 ± 0.4906) dB, and were (19.5117 ± 1.1044), (19.8542 ± 0.4099) and (19.9183 ± 0.3895) dB at 5 degrees, 3 degrees and 1 degree from the center of the macular, respectively. The mean fixation stability rates within 2 degrees and 4 degrees were (88.4667 ± 9.9600)% and (97.2000 ± 3.9091)%, respectively. There was statistical significance between retinal MS at 5 degrees and at 3 degrees from the center of the macular (Z = -2.943, P0.025); there was also statistical significance between retinal MS at 3 degrees and at 1 degree from the center of the macular (Z = -2.367, P0.025).MP-1 microperimetry examination could be used to evaluate the macular retinal function. There is no difference in the retinal MS within the central 10 degrees of the macular among the three groups of normal subjects of different ages. The retinal MS difference is statistically significant with different distances from the center of the macular; but there is no correlation between the age and the retinal sensitivities in normal subjects of middle and old age.

Objectives: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 is expressed in vascular endothelium and metabolizes arachidonic acid to biologically active epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are potent endogenous vasodilators and inhibitors of vascular inflammation. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the interaction of CYP2C19*3 polymorphism and smoking and coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Uighur population. Methods: In a Chinese Uighur case-control study of patients with CAD (n = 336) and healthy controls (n = 370), we investigated the roles of polymorphism in the CYP2C19 gene by the use of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Results: The CYP2C19*3 AG + AA genotype was significantly more prevalent in patients with CAD (6.25.0% vs 2.96%; P = .03). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed 4 independent risk factors: the interaction of CYP2C19*3 and smoking (OR 7.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.32-10.23; P = .009), smoking (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.72-5.44; P = .003), blood sugar (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.03-4.21; P < .01), and hypertension (OR 1.74, 95% CI 0.98-2.34; P = .013). Conclusions: The CYP2C19*3 polymorphism and CAD were synergistically and significantly associated in Chinese Uighur patients.

A new method for catalyzed synthesis of triazolopyrimidine derivatives is reported. Alkylamine reaction with dialkyl cyanodithioiminocarbonate was catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salts at room temperature to yield 3-alkylamine-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole in good quality and high yields. After imidization and reaction with an α,β-unsaturated acid derivative, the reaction intermediate was hydrolyzed in the presence of a Lewis acid to obtain the target product. This novel catalytic method for triazolopyrimidine derivatives can be carried out under inexpensive and mild conditions, and is safe and environmentally friendly. 1H NMR results for all intermediates are reported.

To investigate a method to distinguish avulsion fracture from sesamoid, accessory bone, and permanent osteoepiphyte.Fourteen cases of suspicious avulsion fractures of articular portion of tubular bones were reviewed. Direct/indirect signs and the injury mechanism of avulsion fractures were analyzed and compared with permanent osteoepiphyte, sesamoid and accessory bones for their morphological characteristics.There are two cases of permanent osteoepiphytes, three cases of sesamoids, and three cases of accessory bones. These cases were characterized by smooth edges, contiguous bony cortex, without swelling of the surrounding soft tissue or obvious image changes after consecutive radiography.It is fundamental in image analysis to distinguish avulsion fracture from physiological small osteoepiphyte, sesamoid bone, and aberrant accessory bone.