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Rice production is threatened by multiple pathogens. Breeding cultivars with broad-spectrum disease resistance is necessary to maintain and improve crop production. Previously we found that overexpression of miR160a enhanced rice blast disease resistance. However, it is unclear whether miR160a also regulates resistance against other pathogens, and what the downstream signaling pathways are. Here, we demonstrate that miR160a positively regulates broad-spectrum resistance against the causative agents of blast, leaf blight and sheath blight in rice. Mutations of miR160a-targeted Auxin Response Factors result in different alteration of resistance conferred by miR160a. miR160a enhances disease resistance partially by suppressing ARF8, as mutation of ARF8 in MIM160 background partially restores the compromised resistance resulting from MIM160. ARF8 protein binds directly to the promoter and suppresses the expression of WRKY45, which acts as a positive regulator of rice immunity. Mutation of WRKY45 compromises the enhanced blast resistance and bacterial leaf blight resistance conferred by arf8 mutant. Overall, our results reveal that a microRNA coordinates rice broad-spectrum disease resistance by suppressing multiple target genes that play different roles in disease resistance, and uncover a new regulatory pathway mediated by the miR160a-ARF8 module. These findings provide new resources to potentially improve disease resistance for breeding in rice.

microRNAs act as fine-tuners in the regulation of plant growth and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Here we demonstrate that rice miR1432 fine-tunes yield and blast disease resistance via different modules. Overexpression of miR1432 leads to compromised resistance and decreased yield, whereas blocking miR1432 using a target mimic of miR1432 results in enhanced resistance and yield. miR1432 suppresses the expression ofLOC_Os03g59790, which encodes an EF-hand family protein 1 (OsEFH1). Overexpression ofOsEFH1leads to enhanced rice resistance but decreased grain yield. Further study revealed that miR1432 andOsEFH1are differentially responsive to chitin, a fungus-derived pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern (PAMP/MAMP). Consistently, blocking miR1432 or overexpression ofOsEFH1improves chitin-triggered immunity responses. In contrast, overexpression ofACOT, another target gene regulating rice yield traits, has no significant effects on rice blast disease resistance. Altogether, these results indicate that miR1432 balances yield and resistance via different target genes, and blocking miR1432 can simultaneously improve yield and resistance.

A series of Fe(III) complexes [Fe(5-F-sal-N-1,4,7,10)]Y (Y = PF6- for 1, Y = ClO4- for 2, Y = I- for 3 and Y = NO3- for 4) have been prepared. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies show that complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna21 space group and complexes 2-4 have an isomorphous structure and crystallize in the same monoclinic space group, P21/n. Complexes 2-4 have two independent molecules (Fe1 and Fe2) in the unit cell. Magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrated that complexes 1 and 3 showed a gradual one-step SCO behavior (T1/2 for 1 = 177 K and for 3 = 227 K) without thermal hysteresis. The magnetic behavior of 2 shows an incomplete two-step SCO process at T1/2 = 114 K and 170 K, respectively, while 4 is in a high-spin state at all measured temperatures. A careful evaluation of the supramolecular structures of these complexes revealed correlation between the supramolecular packing forces and their SCO behavior. The crystal structure of 1 consists of a three-dimensional (3D) extended network constructed from N-H⋯F and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds, and C-H⋯π and C⋯C short contacts. In compounds 2-4, the crystal packing is governed by C⋯C, C-H⋯π and p-π interactions for the Fe1 centers and by C-H⋯π/O interactions for the Fe2 centers, which form 1D chains. Additional interactions (C-H⋯F and N-H⋯O/I) connect the neighboring chains and planes to form a complex supramolecular network. The anion⋯π interactions in 4 provide a means for preventing SCO occurring at low temperatures. This suggests that the supramolecular connectivity of the anions influences the magnetic properties.

We use a two-stage hierarchical growth method to encapsulate the blue KSN and yellow RhB molecules into a MOF crystal. By aligning these two conjugate plane-structured molecules in the MOF channel, a polarised white-light emission is obtained, with CIE coordinates of (0.3285, 0.3204) and a polarization ratio of 2.98.

By the solvothermal assembly of Gd3+ and 5,5'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)diisophthalic acid (H4adip), an anthracene-based lanthanide coordination polymer (CP), [Gd2(adip)(H2adip)(NMP)2]·DMF·3H2O (1; NMP = N-methylpyrrolidone; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), has been prepared. It possesses a 3D framework and a strong ligand-based blue emission. 1 could be applied as a multifunctional chemical sensor for UO22+, PO43-, and 2-thiazolidinethione-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) with excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and anti-interference. In the 0-20 μM concentration range of UO22+, the quenching constant (KSV) is 4.05 × 104 M-1 with a detection limit of 1.42 μM. Fluorescence enhancement was observed when PO43- was added to the 1-H2O suspension. The slope of the linear relationship between the PO43- concentration in the 0-35 μM concentration range and I/I0 is 3.70 × 104 M-1 with a detection limit of 1.55 μM. When the TTCA concentration is lower than 20 μM, the fluorescence quenching constant KSV is 1.77 × 104 M-1 with a detection limit of 3.25 μM, which approaches the values reported of the best CP-based sensing materials for TTCA up to now. Moreover, the fluorescence quenching or enhancement mechanism was also investigated.

A coordination polymer, [CuL]n (HL = 1H-benzimidazole-2-methanol), has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex (C8H7CuN2O) crystallizes in orthorhombic sp. gr. Pbca with a = 11.3962(13) A, b = 9.3779(10) A, c = 13.7003(15) A, Z = 8. In the complex, the Cu+ ions and the coordination anion L– are connected with each other to form a series of 1D CuL chains, which are further linked through interchain weak interactions (anagostic interaction and O···π interaction) to generate a wave-shaped 3D supramolecular coordination network. The agostic bond O–H⇀Cu+ between the Cu+ ion and the hydroxyl group in coordination anion L– with the H–Cu+ bond length of 1.952 A and the O1–H1–Cu1 bond angle of 140.05(1)° is observed.

MicroRNAs fine-tune plant growth and resistance against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. The trade-off between biomass and resistance can penalize crop yield. In this study, we have shown that rice miR530 regulates blast disease resistance, yield, and growth period. While the overexpression of miR530 results in compromised blast disease resistance, reduced grain yield, and late maturity, blocking miR530 using a target mimic (MIM530) leads to enhanced resistance, increased grain yield, and early maturity. Further study revealed that the accumulation of miR530 was decreased in both leaves and panicles along with the increase of age. Such expression patterns were accordant with the enhanced resistance from seedlings to adult plants, and the grain development from panicle formation to fully-filled seeds. Divergence analysis of miR530 precursor with upstream 1,000-bp promoter sequence in 11 rice species revealed that miR530 was diverse in Oryza sativa japonica and O. sativa indica group, which was consistent with the different accumulation of miR530 in japonica accessions and indica accessions. Altogether, our results indicate that miR530 coordinates rice resistance, yield, and maturity, thus providing a potential regulatory module for breeding programs aiming to improve yield and disease resistance.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in plant development and defense responses against various stresses. Here we show that blocking miR1871 improves rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae and enhances grain yield simultaneously. The transgenic lines overexpressing miR1871 (OX1871) exhibit compromised resistance, suppressed defense responses, and reduced panicle number resulting in slightly decreased yield. In contrast, the transgenic lines blocking miR1871 (MIM1871) show improved resistance, enhanced defense responses, and significantly increased panicle number leading to enhanced yield per plant. The RNA-seq assay and defense responses assays reveal that blocking miR1871 resulted in the enhancement of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Intriguingly, miR1871 suppresses the expression of LOC_Os06g22850, which encodes a microfibrillar-associated protein (MFAP1) locating nearby the cell wall and positively regulating PTI responses. The mutants of MFAP1 resemble the phenotype of OX1871. Conversely, the transgenic lines overexpressing MFAP1 (OXMFAP1) or overexpressing both MFAP1 and miR1871 (OXMFAP1/OX1871) resemble the resistance of MIM1871. The time-course experiment data reveal that the expression of miR1871 and MFAP1 in rice leaves, panicles, and basal internode is dynamic during the whole growth period to manipulate the resistance and yield traits. Our results suggest that miR1871 regulates rice yield and immunity via MFAP1, and the miR8171-MFAP1 module could be used in rice breeding to improve both immunity and yield.

The ovum oil of forest frog has various health beneficial functions. In the current research, we evaluated the hypolipidemic effects of the low-cholesterol ovum oil from the forest frog and its combination with stigmasterol in rats.

Molecular conformation plays an important role in tuning the packing modes of organic optoelectronic materials to achieve enhanced and/or balanced charge transport. Here, we introduce the noncovalent intramolecular interactions to the host materials of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Different numbers and/or positions of intramolecular CH···N noncovalent interactions were constructed by using different N-heterocycles of pyridine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine as acceptor units and carbazole as the donor unit in a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) motif. Thus, designed D-A-D molecules were synthesized facilely through a one-step Ullmann reaction in high yields, showing varied intramolecular interactions to regulate the molecular conformation significantly. Impressively, owing to the quasi-parallel molecular conformation, which is beneficial for forming facile transporting channels of both holes and electrons, the newly designed host material of 9,9′-(pyridine-2,5-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) exhibits good device performance of blue PhOLEDs with current, power, and external quantum efficiencies up to 33.0 cd A–1, 32.1 lm W–1, and 16.3%, respectively. This work highlights the significant importance of the noncovalent interactions in designing advanced organic semiconductors for high-performance optoelectronic devices.

We realize a white light emission based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are loaded with red/yellow/green/blue (R/Y/G/B) primary-colour fluorescent dye molecules. The MOF⊃dye powders emitting red/green/blue light are synthesized via an activated adsorption reaction, whilst the MOF⊃dye powder emitting yellow light is prepared via an in-situ reaction. By grinding these R/Y/G/B MOF⊃dye powders and adjusting the mass proportions of each primary-colour component, a white light emission with a quasi-flat spectrum is obtained. Experimentally, under excitation with an ultraviolet light (at a wavelength of 365 nm), the emission peaks of the R/Y/G/B MOF⊃dye powders are located at 621.0 nm, 560.0 nm, 522.5 nm and 438.5 nm, respectively. When the mass proportions of R/Y/G/B components are 35.3%, 21.2%, 14.7% and 28.8%, the full-width at half-maximum bandwidth of the light emission is 251.5 nm (from 391.5 nm to 643.0 nm), and the 1-dB bandwidth is 201.5 nm. The measured Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates are (0.319, 0.341). The flat and wide spectrum of this material makes it a promising candidate in applications such as lighting, display and visible-light communication systems.

Background The optimal care for pT3N0 rectal cancer remains controversial. And whether tumor location can be used to guide the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy for pT3N0 rectal cancer is not fully confirmed. The current study was designed to identify the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy for pT3N0 rectal cancer. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 265 pT3N0 rectal cancer patients who were treated by surgery and adjuvant therapy from Mar. 2005 to Sept. 2015. All patients were divided into two groups according to receiving adjuvant radiotherapy or not. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) were compare between patients who did and did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore clinical factors significantly associated with DFS, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Results For patients with lower tumor, DFS in adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy group was higher than that in adjuvant chemotherapy group. Besides, the rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis were found lower in patients who did receive adjuvant radiotherapy than those who did not. For patients with upper tumor, the 5-year OS and DFS were similar between groups of adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Multivariable analysis indicated both the CEA and tumor location were independent predictors of LRFS. And adjuvant radiotherapy predicted the DFS, LRFS and DMFS in lower rectal cancer patients. Conclusion Tumor location can serve as an indication for the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy in pT3N0 rectal cancer patients.

Hypothyroidism is a common hormone deficiency condition. Regenerative medicine approaches, such as a bioengineered thyroid, have been proposed as potential therapeutic alternatives for patients with hypothyroidism. This study demonstrates a novel approach to generate thyroid grafts using decellularized rat thyroid matrix.Isolated rat thyroid glands were perfused with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate to generate a decellularized thyroid scaffold. The rat thyroid scaffold was then recellularized with rat thyroid cell line to reconstruct the thyroid by perfusion seeding technique. As a pilot study, the decellularized rat thyroid scaffold was perfused with human-derived thyrocytes and parathyroid cells.The decellularization process retained the intricate three-dimensional microarchitecture with a perfusable vascular network and native extracellular matrix components, allowing efficient reseeding of the thyroid matrix with the FRTL-5 rat thyroid cell line generating three-dimensional follicular structures in vitro. In addition, the recellularized thyroid showed successful cellular engraftment and thyroid-specific function, including synthesis of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. Moreover, the decellularized rat thyroid scaffold could further be recellularized with human-derived thyroid cells and parathyroid cells to reconstruct a humanized bioartificial endocrine organ, which maintained expression of critical genes such as thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, and parathyroid hormone.These findings demonstrate the utility of a decellularized thyroid extracellular matrix scaffold system for the development of functional, bioengineered thyroid tissue, which could potentially be used to treat hypothyroidism.

A metal-organic framework [Eu3L3(CH3COO)2(H2O)2(μ3-OH)]•3DMF, ( EuL , H2L=9 H -carbazole-2,7-dicarboxylic acid, DMF= N , N -dimethylformamide) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. In EuL , Eu6O8 clusters are four-bridged by carboxylates to form parallel-aligned Eu–O–C chains, which are further linked by the carbazole moieties of L2− ligands to form the three-dimensional framework with rhombic channels. The EuL material with characteristic emission of Eu3+ ion exhibits significant luminescence quenching response for picric acid (PA) and the linear Stern-Volmer plot was observed in the concentration range of 0.05–0.15 mM with K sv of 98074 M−1. As far as we know, this K sv is among the highest values for COFs and MOFs in detection of PA. The excellent anti-interference ability and repeatability were also verified by experiments. Lastly, we investigated the luminescence quenching mechanism in the EuL sensing system.

Beta‐carotene, the main dietary source of provitamin A, is required for maintaining optimum human health. The bioaccessibility of beta‐carotene can be greatly improved when ingested with fat. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to select proper oils (palm oil, coconut oil, fish oil, and corn oil) as a carrier to form stable nanoemulsion that can effectively enhance the bioaccessibility of beta‐carotene. The nanoemulsion was formulated with 90% (v/v) aqueous solution (2% whey protein isolate, WPI, w/v) and 10% (v/v) dispersed oil. The in vitro digestion experiment of nanoemulsions showed that the bioaccessibility of beta‐carotene was as followed in order: palm oil = corn oil > fish oil > coconut oil (p < 0.05). The particle size of the nanoemulsion (initial particle size = 168–185 nm) was below 200 nm during 42 days’ storage at 25°C. The retention rates of beta‐carotene in nanoemulsions were 69.36%, 63.81%, 49.58%, and 54.91% with palm oil, coconut oil, fish oil, and corn oil, respectively. However, the particle size of the nanoemulsion increased significantly in the accelerated experiment at 55°C (p < 0.05), in which the retention rates of beta‐carotene were 48.56%, 43.41%, 29.35%, and 33.60% with palm oil, coconut oil, fish oil, and corn oil, respectively. From above, we conclude that WPI‐stabilized beta‐carotene nanoemulsion with palm oil as the carrier is the most suitable system to increase bioaccessibility and stability of lipid‐soluble bioactive compounds such as beta‐carotene.

ObjectivesThe optimal interval between surgery and adjuvant treatment has not yet been found in cervical cancer. And whether patients with different FIGO stage should choose different interval is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether interval has a different effect on oncologic outcome for patients with different tumor stages.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 226 cervical cancer patients who were treated by surgery and adjuvant therapy from May 2005 to August 2015. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the interval of 5 weeks. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between patients with interval shorter and longer than 5 weeks in the whole group and subgroups. Recurrence patterns were also analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore clinical factors significantly associated with DFS, local recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival for patients with stage IB2–IIA.ResultsFor patients with stage IA2–IB1, the 5-year OS and DFS were similar between groups of short and long interval with also the comparable results of local and distant failure. For patients with IB2–IIA, both the OS and DFS in the short-interval group were higher than that in the long-interval group. Besides, the rates of local recurrence were found higher in the group of long interval compared with short interval. Multivariable analysis indicated that time interval was an independent predictor of DFS and local recurrence-free survival for patients with stage IB2–IIA.ConclusionsIn cervical cancer patients, time interval between surgery and adjuvant therapy may have different effects on the prognosis in different FIGO stages.

Background Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a late phase of consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that causes poor outcome and has become the focus of current research. The aim of this study was to characterize an experimental SAH technique for studying DCI after SAH. New method A double injection SAH rat model with a tiny incision was introduced. At 7 days post-SAH induction, the diameter and luminal cross-sectional area (CSA) of the basilar artery (BA) were measured. In vivo fluorescence microscopy and magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (MRPWI) were used to evaluate the occurrence of DCI. Normal and sham-operated groups served as References Results Compared to the sham group, in SAH group, the diameter and CSA of the BA were decreased, and the CBF in the SAH group was also reduced to barely half of the level in the sham group. Moreover, both the proportion and severity of microarterial constrictions were increased significantly in the SAH group when compared to those in the sham group. Comparison with existing methods Complete exposure of the atlanto-occipital membrane is avoided, only a tiny region is exposed to identify the puncture spot. Lower mortality, reduced operative trauma and shorter procedure time are advantages to existing models. Multiple techniques for DCI assessment were used including in vivo microscopy and MRPWI. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that our SAH model was successfully established and may serve to help identify a novel target for the treatment of DCI after SAH.

本文制备了三种同构镧系金属有机框架材料(Me2NH2)[Ln2L2(NO3)2(μ3-OH)(H2O)]·2H2O·2DMA, (Ln = Eu( 1 ), Gd( 2 ), Tb( 3 ), H2L = 9-甲基-9-羟基-2,7-芴二羧酸, DMA = 二甲基乙酰胺). 研究结果显示它们具有三维阴离子型框架结构, 该结构可简化为含有单一的8连接型节点的体心立方(bcu)型拓扑结构. 化合物 1 表现出基于配体的荧光发射峰以及铕离子的特征荧光发射峰. 荧光实验表明在DMF溶液中Al3+会明显增强配体的荧光强度, 而对Eu3+的荧光强度影响却很小, 这使得 1 成为了优秀的比率式发光Al3+传感器. 在Al3+浓度处于 0.02–0.1 mmol L−1 范围内时, 配体与Eu3+荧光强度的比值与Al3+浓度成正比(斜率为 18502 mol−1 L). 本文证实了配体9位的羟基与Al3+之间的相互作用是引起配体荧光增强的主要原因.

The reaction between rigid ligand 1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyl-2′,4,4″,5′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4L), 2-pyrimidineamidoxime (Hpmad) and Cd2+ ions led to a two-dimensional coordination polymer [Cd2L(Hpmad)2(H2O)2]·3H2O (CdL). CdL exhibits blue-violet light emission with maximum emission wavelength of 392 nm. Luminescence sensing experiments show that CdL has the ability to detect Fe3+ and MnO4− in aqueous solution. The Ksv value is 12830 M−1 in the detection concentration range of 0–50 μM for Fe3+, and the Ksv value is 17340 M−1 in the detection concentration range of 0–20 μM for MnO4−. The fluorescence sensing mechanisms were also discussed.

A carbazole-based coordination polymer [Zn8L6(μ4-O)2⋅DMSO⋅(H2O)3]·5DMSO (1, H2L = 9H-carbazole-2,7-dicarboxylic acid, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) has been synthesized under solvothermal condition. The complex 1 possesses the two-fold interpenetrated 41263 coordination net and ligand-based blue-light emission. The luminescence titration experiments indicate that 1 could selectively detect MnO4− by luminescent quenching in the concentration range of 0–100 μM in water with Ksv of 17,030 M−1. The possible quenching mechanism has also been discussed.

A three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF) ZnL ·0.5H2O·0.75DMF (H2L=9-(pyridin-4-yl)-9 H -carbazole- 3,6-dicarboxylic acid, DMF= N , N -dimethylformamide) has been synthesized under solvothermal condition. Crystal structure analysis shows that, in ZnL , each dinuclear Zn2(COO)2 unit is doubly-bridged to the other two by the carbazole moieties to form the 1D chains, which are further connected together by pyridine moieties to lead to the 3D framework. ZnL exhibits both high structural stability and good luminescent stability in water with the pH range of 4–10. ZnL displays the luminescent quenching response for Fe3+ in water with good linear correlation between the quenching efficiency and the concentration with K sv of 10800 M−1 in the low concentration range of 0–0.1 mM. Interestingly, it is observed that the sensing performance for Fe3+ is stable in the pH range of 4–9, enabling ZnL to detect Fe3+ ions in weak acidic and weak basic solutions.

In this paper, two new pyridazine based donor-acceptor type materials, i.e., 3CzPyaPy: 9,9'-(3-(6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) and 4CzPyPyaPy: 3,6-bis(2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridin-3-yl)pyridazine, were synthesized with high yields. These two materials exhibited strong absorption/emission with high molar extinction coefficients and moderate photoluminescence quantum yield. The glass transition temperature of 3CzPyaPy was detected to be as high as 131 °C, showing its high thermal stability. Although the absorption energies and oxidation/reduction behaviors of the two materials were similar, the emission from 4CzPyPyaPy with longer effective-conjugation length presented hypsochromic shift both in films and in dilute solutions, contradicting to the common sense. The single crystal structure study disclosed their different space stretching and packing: 3CzPyaPy was twisted in larger angles and adopted dimerlike packing, while 4CzPyPyaPy showed smaller torsion angles and exhibited slipped herringbone packing. The dimerlike packing in 3CzPyaPy is responsible for its bathochromic shift of emission in solid state, while its unsymmetrical molecular structure accounts for that in solution. We believe that the unsymmetrical molecular structure of 3CzPyaPy is partially responsible for its high thermal-stability and also responsible for its HOMO dispersion which renders it slightly more difficult to oxidize. 3CzPyaPy was proved to be a bipolar-transport material and when served as a phosphor host, a green phosphorescent device achieved maximum efficiencies of 54.0 cd A

A metal-organic framework (MOF) formulated as [Cd2(μ3-L)2(DMF)4]•H2O (CdL) [H2L=9-(pyridin-4-yl)- 9H-carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylic acid, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide] was synthesized under solvothermal condition. Crystal structural analysis reveals that CdL features the layered 2D framework with L2− ligands as 3-connected nodes. The compound CdL emits blue-violet light with the narrow emission peak and the emission maximum at 414 nm upon excitation at the maximum excitation wavelength of 340 nm. The compound CdL has a similar emission spectrum curve to the free H2L ligand that indicates the emission of compound CdL should be originated from the coordinated L2− ligands.

Highly efficient 2-(thiophen-2-yl)quinoline-based phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes bearing 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine or picolinic acid as ancillary ligands are designed and synthetised. The variation of ancillary ligands is attempted to finely tune the photophysical properties of these complexes, especially the solution phosphorescent quantum yields (ΦPL), full width at half maximum (FWHM), etc. The picolinic acid-based complex displays the slightly red-shifted dual-peak emission compared to triazolpyridine-based one. The complexes show bright emission with broad FWHM up to 83 nm, and the emissions are in red region with the very high absolute ΦPL up to 0.76 in solution. Moreover, high-performance red and three-color-based white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with excellent color stability have been fabricated. The maximum external quantum efficiencies of red and white OLEDs can reach 16.2% and 15.1%, respectively. The maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of white OLED are as high as 35.5 cd A−1 and 34.0 lm W−1, respectively. Especially, the designed white OLED exhibits excellent spectral stability under wide operating voltage range, and the 1931 Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage of white OLED only changes from (0.43, 0.42) to (0.44, 0.44), the color rendering index is in a narrow range of 75–77.

Three isostructural three-dimensional (3D) lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks [Ln2L(H2L)(NMP)2]·H2O (Ln=Sm ( 1 ), Eu ( 2 ), Gd ( 3 ); H4L=1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyl-2′,4,4″,5′-tetracarboxylic acid; NMP= N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. In 1 – 3 , two Ln3+ ions are doubly-bridged by two oxygen atoms of two carboxylate groups to form the dinuclear Ln2(OCOO–)2 unit. Each Ln2(OCOO–)2 unit links with four H2L2− ligands and four L4− ligands to lead to the 3D framework, which can be rationalized as a new trinodal 4,4,8-connected (44.62)(45.6)(412.616) topological network by considering the dinuclear Ln2(OCOO–)2 units as 8-connected nodes and L4−/H2L2− ligands as planar 4-connected nodes, respectively. 1 and 3 exhibit blue emission originated from the ligand with the emission maximum at 384 nm, while 2 shows intense characteristic red emission of Eu3+ ions and weak ligand-centered emission. Moreover, 2 has fluorescent quenching response towards the aromatic nitro compounds, especially for the 3,4-dinitrotoluene (3,4-DNT) with the linear Stern-Volmer relationship in the concentration range of 0–1 mM and the quenching constant ( K sv) of 2.084×103 M−1.

The title coordination polymer {[Cd12(tda)8(H2O)11] · (H2O)6.25} n (H3 tda = 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid), has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex crystallizes in orthorhombic sp. gr. Pmn21 with Z = 4. The Cd2 unit doublebridged by one carboxylate oxygen atom and two neighboring nitrogen atoms from the tda 3– ligands are linked by the tda 3–ligands to lead to the 2D (4,4) network in the ac plane. The almost coplanar Cd2(μ5-tda)2 unit comprised of two Cd ions double-bridged by two tda 3– ligands through the neighboring nitrogen atoms is connected with the other four Cd2(μ5-tda)2 units form the undulating 2D network in the ac plane. The (4,4) networks and undulating 2D networks are alternatively connected along the b axis by the tda 3– ligands coordinating to the Cd ions to form the 3D framework.

We demonstrate a spectrometer based on multiple interference and scattering in an ordinary frosted glass featuring random structures. The probe signal disperses through the frosted glass generating wavelength-dependent speckle patterns, which are detected by a charge coupled device chip and used to reconstruct the input spectrum after calibration. We consider an underdetermined system of linear equations as a model for signal spectrum estimation. Smoothing regularization algorithm is designed for solving the system of equations. Experimental results show that the reconstruction range of the spectrometer at least includes the entire visible band and some part of the ultraviolet band. In comparison with conventional miniature spectrometers, the frosted glass spectrometer consequently has the merits of static measurement, low cost, small size, high throughput, and wide spectral range, which may find applications in a wide range of applications.

Nine coordination polymers (CPs) [Mn(H3L)(H2L)0.5(phen)]n (1), [Ni2L(phen)2(μ2-H2O)]n (2), {[Mn2L(phen)2]·(DMA)(H2O)}n (3), {[Co2L(μ2-H2O)(μ2-DMA)]·DMF}n (4), [CoL0.5(H2O)(phen)]n (5), {[Ni2L(μ2-H2O)(μ2-DMA)]·DMA}n (6), {[Co2L(μ2-H2O)(μ2-DMA)]·DMA}n (7), {[Ni2L(μ2-H2O)(H2O)2(DMF)2]·(H2O)2(DMF)}n (8), and {[Ni4L2(μ2-H2O)4(H2O)2]·(H2O)2(NMP)}n (9) (H4L = 1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl-2′,4,4′′,5′-tetracarboxylic acid, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, NMP = N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Crystal structural analyses reveal that 1 features the uninodal 2D (4,4) network with the dinuclear Mn2(COO)2 units as 4-connected nodes. 3 and 5 possess the binodal 2D (4,4) network with dinuclear Mn2(COO)4/Co2O2 units and L4− ligands as 4-connected nodes, respectively. In 2 and 8, each dinuclear Ni2(COO)2(μ2-H2O) unit links to four L4− ligands and each L4− ligand bridges four dinuclear Ni2(COO)2(μ2-H2O) units to generate the 3D framework, which can also be rationalized as a binodal 4,4-connected (42·84)(42·84) topological network by considering the dinuclear Ni2(COO)2(μ2-H2O) units as non-planar 4-connected nodes and L4− ligands as planar 4-connected nodes, respectively. In 4, 6–7 and 9, there exist a series of parallel-aligned metal-carboxylate chains, which are linked along two directions by para-terphenyl moieties of L4− ligands to generate the 3D frameworks. Moreover, direct current magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out to study their magnetic properties. In complexes 2 and 9, weak ferromagnetic interactions between the magnetic centers were observed. In addition, the other compounds show weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the adjacent metal ions.

Construction accidents are a significant hazard to the community, affecting sustainable development. This paper summarizes the safety situation of the construction industry in China over the past ten years. Detailed analysis is performed on fatal accidents that occurred in 2018 to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution pattern and characters of construction safety accidents. The construction failures are mainly attributed to management aspects rather than technical aspects. A case involving a major accident during shield tunnel construction in Foshan, Guangdong, in 2018 is investigated in detail. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is used to analyze the management issues of the Foshan metro project during planning, geological investigation, design, and implementation of construction works. The SEA result shows that the safety risk was very high with a low total SEA score. Based on the analysis, a guideline for safety construction management for sustainability is proposed.

Metal organic framework (MOF) materials can encapsulate organic dye molecules and realize new types of OLEDs for VLC system. We present spectrally flat white OLED based on red-yellow-green-blue dye-loaded MOF and linearly polarized warm-yellow MOF-OLED.

Three metal-organic frameworks, {[Mg2(MFDA)2(DMF)3]∙0.5H2O} n ( 1 ), {[Ca(MFDA)(DMF)(H2O)]∙0.5DMF} n ( 2 ) and [Ca(MFDA)(DMF)2] n ( 3 ) (DMF= N , N -dimethylformamide) have been synthesized by the solvothermal reactions between the ligand 9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid (H2MFDA) and the corresponding metal salts, respectively. The single crystal X-ray structural analyses reveal that compounds 1 – 3 display three-dimensional structures based on the M(II)–O–C chains. It is interesting that the MFDA ligands in 1 – 3 have different dihedral angles between the two carboxylate groups ranging from 9.9(1)° to 41.8(2)°. All of compounds exhibit strong ligand-centered blue emissions under UV lights. Their thermal properties have also been studied.

Two coordination polymers (CPs) {[Mg 2 L( μ 2 -H 2 O) ( μ 2 -DMA)]·DMA} n ( 1 ), and [Ag 4 L(DMF) 2 ] n ( 2 ) (H 4 L = 1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyl-2′,4,4″,5′-tetracarboxylic acid, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. In 1 and 2 , there exist a series of parallel aligned M O C chains, which are linked along two directions by para-terphenyl moieties of L 4− ligands to lead to the metal-carboxylate chain-based three-dimensional frameworks. The photoluminescence properties of the compounds 1 and 2 have also been investigated. 1 displays blue-violet light emission with the emission maximum at 380 nm. 2 exhibits a broad emission peak from 300 to 800 nm with an emission maximum at 484 nm and some of the shoulder peaks.

Fast and selective detection of heavy metal ions in the aqueous phase plays a key role in meeting human health and environmental concerns. Herein we report a series of fluorene-based lanthanide metal–organic frameworks ([Ln2(FDC)3DMA(H2O)3]·DMA·4.5H2O, Ln = Sm (1), Eu (2), Gd (3) and Tb (4), H2FDC = 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-fluorenedicarboxylic acid, DMA = dimethylacetamide). Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that 1–4 are isostructural and display a 3D neutral framework. 2 exhibits intense characteristic red emission of Eu3+ ions in the solid state and high selectivity for Pb2+ and Fe3+ ions through fluorescence enhancement and the quenching effect in aqueous solutions, respectively. Interestingly, the fluorescence intensity of 2 shows a good linear relationship with Pb2+ concentration in the range of 0.02–0.1 mM. Furthermore, the dynamic and static quenching constants are calculated to be 320 M−1 and 10 680 M−1 by the fluorescence lifetime and titration experiments in low concentration of Fe3+. In addition, 4 exhibits different fluorescence response behaviors in the presence of Sm3+ or Eu3+ in aqueous solution.

A surfactant and substrate synergetic chemical solution technique was promoted to synthesize uniformly shaped MOF nanodisks. The hexaprismatic nanodisks of {[Eu2(MFDA)2(HCOO)2(H2O)6]·H2O}n (Eu-MFDA_HND, H2MFDA = 9,9-dimethyl fluorene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid) were obtained on a supported substrate in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The surfactant and substrate worked together to produce the uniform hexaprismatic shaped products, but in contrast, mixed products of defected hexaprisms and irregular nanoparticles were obtained without the substrate. Also, the dehydrated Eu-MFDA_HND crystals showed a much higher fluorescence quenching efficiency towards 2,4-DNT as compared to their corresponding bulk crystals. This effective morphology-scissoring technique may help the shape control of other functional MOF materials and benefit their application in the fields of catalysis, sensing, optoelectronic microdevices, micromechanical devices, etc.