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Herein, a scheme of Sr2+/Ca2+ ion substitution was employed to simultaneously regulate the defect and intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) state of Sr2−xCaxNb2O7:Pr3+ phosphors, resulting in a dual-modulation strategy for enhancing phosphor thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water splitting is considered as a promising technology to solve energy shortage and environmental pollution. Since oxygen evolution reaction (OER) directly affects the efficiency of hydrogen evolution, the preparation of efficient and inexpensive OER catalysts is an urgent problem. "Low‐temperature immersion" (LTI) is expected to be a prospective strategy for electrocatalyst preparation due to its simplicity and energy‐saving advantages. However, there is almost no comprehensive overview on the progress of LTI engineering in the construction of non‐precious metal self‐supported electrocatalysts for OER. Herein, this review firstly introduces the principles and applications of LTI engineering‐assisted preparation of non‐precious metal self‐supported electrocatalysts in terms of etching and deposition. Then the mechanism of OER is analyzed from an amorphous viewpoint, and finally some perspective insights and future challenges of this method are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-noble metal for surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-induced nano-enzymatic photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors is a promising method for broad applications. Non-noble metal bismuth (Bi) is gradually being valued for their properties such as non-toxicity, abundant reserves, and good catalysis. Meanwhile, metallic Bi nanoparticles (NPs) have superior SPR properties similar to that of noble metal. Therefore, a non-noble metal Bi/BiVO4 photoanode based on SPR was designed for the PEC detection of H2O2 in this work. The synergistic effect of BiVO4 with suitable band gap (2.5 eV) and Bi NPs with superior SPR effectively reduces the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, which significantly improves the PEC activity of Bi/BiVO4 electrode at low voltage. The in situ Bi/BiVO4/FTO photoelectrode not only exhibits a more comprehensive linear range of 0.005–2.6 mM with a lower detection limit of 2.0 μM but also possesses excellent selectivity for the determination of H2O2 because the coexisting substances are difficult to be oxidized at 0 V bias voltage. The investigation of Bi/BiVO4-based sensor has contributed to the development of non-noble metal for SPR-induced PEC biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth (Bi) is a particular element with many distinctive properties such as low toxicity or nontoxicity, high specific gravity, photoluminescence, photoelectronic and photovoltaic effects, strong oxidation ability, water insolubility, etc. These distinctive properties help to boost various applications of Bi. The recent decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the application research of Bi‐based materials, especially on photocatalysis. This paper begins with an introduction to the history of Bi, followed by a summary of its distinctive properties, and then provides a comprehensive overview of its applications in photocatalysis, sensing, medicine, and diagnosis and treatments, with a particular focus on near‐infrared photocatalysis, flexible wearable sensor, in vivo detection and therapeutics. Finally, the main challenges and development prospects of the Bi‐based materials are introduced. With the development trends of Bi research discussed, this paper is aimed at improving the knowledge of Bi and arising the research interest of Bi in the hope of extending the applications of Bi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In2S3/BiOI composites were synthesized at room temperature which significantly improved the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under visible light irradiation. Structure and morphology characterization techniques have been performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The separation ability of photogenerated carriers is enhanced due to the formation of heterojunctions of the composites. The best performance is obtained when the content of In2S3 is 7 wt%. Compared with In2S3 and BiOI alone, 7-In2S3/BiOI has the highest specific surface area and can provide more active sites. Based on the photo-electrochemical characterization and free radical tests, a photocatalytic mechanism of In2S3/BiOI composites in the presence of superoxide radicals (˙O2−) and holes (h+) is reasonably proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiOCl has been identified to be a promising semiconductor material with exceptional performance for photodegradation of organic pollutants. In this work, a feasible strategy to synthesize octagon‐like BiOCl nanoflakes (G‐BiOCl NFs) with novel morphology was developed by one‐step solvothermal reaction in ethylene glycol/water solution with the addition of glutamate acid. The obtained G‐BiOCl NFs with large surface areas and negatively charged surfaces possessed excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic pollutant Rhodamine B (RhB). RhB was almost completely degraded in only 4 mins under ultraviolet−visible light irradiation. It was confirmed that the holes and.O2− played crucial roles in the RhB photocatalytic degradation process. This work provided a new strategy for the preparation of efficient photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate detection of L -Cysteine (Cyst) is critical because it is a recognized marker associated with diseases such as liver damage and kidney failure. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor is an emerging strategy for biochemical analysis. However, the sensitivity of PEC sensor is limited by the high recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In this study, Au-mediated Z-scheme TiO 2 -Au-BiOI (HTNTs-Au-BOI) photoelectrochemical sensing platform for Cyst detection is proposed. Au NPs with plasmon resonance effect not only boost the light absorption but also facilitate the formation of Z-heterojunction HTNTs-Au-BOI through its own mediating effect. The Z-heterostructure with built-in electric field dramatically suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Meanwhile, the dual-specificity of Bi-S and Au-S bonds achieves a highly selective and sensitive detection of Cyst. The PEC sensor shows a wide linearity detection range of 80 nM-200 μM with a detection limit of 70 nM. The sensor also shows good results in the detection of serum samples, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.68–7.3 %. [Display omitted] • The Z-scheme TiO 2 -Au-BiOI is constructed using the mediation of Au NPs. • Au NPs with plasmonic resonance effect can significantly enhance the light absorption of TiO 2 -Au-BiOI. • Z-scheme HTNTs-Au-BiOI with built-in electric field suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. • The dual-specificity of Bi-S and Au-S bonds achieve a highly selective and sensitive detection of Cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, we report the first demonstration of an efficient photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on sputtering Au nanoparticle-modified nanoporous BiVO4 for the excellent sensitive and selective detection of thrombin with a low detection limit of 0.5 pM and a large linear range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For implementing sensitive and selective detection of biological molecules, the biosensors are been designed more and more complicated. The exploration of detection platform in a simple way without loss their sensitivity and selectivity is always a big challenge. Herein, a prototype of recognition biomolecule unit-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform with self-cleaning activity is proposed with TiO 2 nanotube photonic crystal (TiO 2 NTPCs) materials as photoelectrode, and dopamine (DA) molecule as both sensitizer and target analyte. The unique adsorption between DA and TiO 2 NTPCs induces the formation of charge transfer complex, which not only expends the optical absorption of TiO 2 into visible light region, thus significantly boosts the PEC performance under illumination of visible light, but also implements the selective detection of DA on TiO 2 photoelectrode. This simple but efficient PEC analysis platform presents a low detection limit of 0.15 nm for detection of DA, which allows to realize the sensitive and selective determination of DA release from the mouse brain for its practical application after coupled with a microdialysis probe. The DA functionalized TiO 2 NTPCs PEC sensing platform opens up a new PEC detection model, without using extra-biomolecule auxiliary, just with target molecule naturally adsorbed on the electrode for sensitive and selective detection, and paves a new avenue for biosensors design with minimalism idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, we report for the first time the demonstration of a lithium ion intercalation strategy to significantly enhance the photoelectrochemical water splitting performance on 3-dimensional vertical hierarchical top-porous-bottom-tubular TiO2 nanotubes on a fabricable titanium mesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, a new photoelectrochemical aptasensor with Au nanoparticle functionalized self-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (Au/SD-TiO2 NTs) as the core sensing unit and aptamers as the recognition unit was set up to accomplish the sensitive and selective detection of kanamycin with the lowest detection limit of 0.1 nM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing application of additive manufacturing (AM) in the industry, more attention has been paid to the performance of the additively manufactured part. How to maximize the structural efficiency of a part to achieve the desired performance has become the focus and challenge of design for additive manufacturing (DFAM). To give full play to the complex-geometry, multi-material, multi-scale, and multi-function manufacturing capabilities of AM, new approaches in DFAM have to be explored. The relationship between stress and growth in biology indicates that naturally evolved perfect structures are all optimal responses to their applied force. This work discusses a novel method to DFAM at the macroscale, mesoscale and microscale from a force-flow perspective, aiming to achieve an organic integration of force-flow based design with AM-driven manufacturing. Firstly, the characteristics of force-flow and its embodiment in nature and engineering are analyzed. Then, an overview of topology optimization, lattice/cellular structure design and infill pattern design are respectively provided in the combination of force-flow and AM. Finally, the future development directions of DFAM based on force-flow are proposed according to the limitations of current research. [Display omitted] • A multi-scale design method for additive manufacturing is discussed from a force-flow perspective. • The visualization forms, characteristics and the application of force-flow are elucidated. • Force-flow based topology optimization, mesoscopic structure design and infill pattern design are respectively reviewed. • Future research directions are indicated to make AM and force flow highly compatible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the unique 5D 4 energy level of terbium (Tb3+) can contribute to narrow-band green light emission, which has high application prospects. However, due to its poor thermal stability at high temperatures, how to enhance the antithermal-quenching properties of Tb-doped phosphors has become a research difficulty in the field of solid-state lighting and temperature sensing. In this contribution, the antithermal-quenching green-emitting of terbium was achieved by Nb/Ta substitution to form GdNb 1-x Ta x O 4 :Tb3+ phosphors with various components. Photoluminescence analyses reveal an increasing trend in both the optical band gap and the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) energy level positions with substitution. Variable-temperature spectrums observed that the phosphors under different compositions presented a large discrepancy in thermal quenching performance. It is elucidated that the elevated position of the IVCT energy level (IVCT-EL) predominantly influences thermal quenching, bolstering its role as a compensatory luminescence channel of 5D 3 →5D 4 far more than functioning as a quenching luminescence channel for Tb3+5D 3 /5D 4. Delving into the perspective of IVCT-EL positioning unveils the intrinsic mechanism through which IVCT-EL positions modulate the thermal quenching properties of phosphors with varying compositions due to the substitution of Ta for Nb. This insight facilitates the realization of enhanced thermal quenching resistance in phosphors. Furthermore, the antithermal-quenching property of Tb3+ in single-phase phosphors can be effectively modulated by excitation at different wavelengths. This tuning scheme not only advances the exploration of terbium-doped antithermal-quenching phosphors but also provides a novel strategy and reference for designing green-emitting phosphors in the fields of lighting and sensing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our work, a totally anomalous thermal quenching phenomenon of red-shifted and enhanced charge transfer state (CTS) absorption is found for the first time in LiTaO3:xPr3+ phosphors. The crystal structure, luminescent properties and the mechanism of abnormal thermal quenching were investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Praseodymium (Pr3+) ion and the transition metal vanadium (V5+) ion with d0 electronic configuration can form an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band, which can function both as a compensatory channel for its red emission and as a quenching channel, thus affecting the luminescence thermal stability of the phosphors. Research studies reveal that the emission of Pr3+ in the YVO4 matrix can be quenched by the IVCT mechanism, thereby limiting the application of phosphors. As such, the present contribution is based on the solid solution replacement strategy to inhibit the constitutent of the IVCT quenching channel and thus improve thermal stability. Therefore, phosphonium (P5+) with a valence state matching V5+ and a similar ion radius was selected for the V/P substitution. It lacks a d0 electron configuration, preventing the formation of an IVCT band with Pr3+ and thereby inhibiting the construction of the quenching channels to enhance thermal stability. While the empirical formula of IVCT indicates a decrease in the IVCT energy level from 3.32438 to 3.06251 eV upon the introduction of P5+, the PLE spectra demonstrate a sharp reduction in IVCT intensity, i.e., weakening of the quenching channel. The thermal stability of the phosphors at different excitation locations was enhanced with the rise of P5+ concentration. When excited at the 3P2 level, the Y0.995PO4:0.5%Pr3+ phosphor demonstrated highly stable red emission from 303 to 523 K, with a luminescence integrated intensity ranging from 95.5% to 105.3% compared to that at 303 K. This research provides a novel approach for inhibiting the IVCT quenching channel and broadens the commercial value of YVO4:Pr3+ phosphor for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis conditions of most phosphors doped with lanthanide ions with d–f transition require a reducing atmosphere. The doping Bi3+ ions selected in this study perfectly avoid this requirement, and they are environmentally friendly and safe. Nevertheless, the spectral tuning of Bi3+ is a great challenge that limits its application. Herein, by regulating the value of x in the new solid solution Sr2+xLa1−xGaO5−xFx, the luminescence of Bi3+ is well promoted. Through an excitation-driven strategy, the emission peak position of Bi3+ is redshifted, and the luminescence of trivalent bismuth is successfully adjusted, which can also be applied to anti-blue lighting. In addition, we constructed a Bi3+–Eu3+ dual luminescence system, and, regardless of changes in the Bi3+/Eu3+ concentration or excitation wavelength, a single matrix white light phosphor was realized. Through calculations, the activation energy of the phosphor doped with 2.5%Eu3+ was found to be 0.257 eV, which is higher than the activation energy of some common compounds. This indicates that the phosphor has good application prospects in the field of solid-state lighting. It is worth noting that based on the different thermal response behaviors of Bi3+ and Eu3+, when the Eu3+ content is fixed at 1%, the maximum relative sensitivity of the optical thermometer based on its fluorescence intensity ratio is about 1.46% K−1 at 383 K, which is higher than that of Bi3+ and Eu3+ co-doped phosphors previously reported. We also obtained a high absolute sensitivity of 0.00139 K−1 at 403 K. Therefore, we also studied the thermal sensitivity of Bi3+ and Er3+ co-doped solid solutions. The results show that this solid-solution phosphor has far-reaching application prospects in the temperature sensing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most praseodymium-doped red-emitting phosphors need high-temperature synthesis conditions with a reducing atmosphere. The niobate matrix selected in this work provides a sufficient electron-rich-site environment for praseodymium through charge migration, and praseodymium can be self-reduced in air atmosphere, which is safe and environmentally friendly. By building the [NbO6] group → Pr3+ energy transfer and finely modifying the doping concentration of Pr3+ ions, we constructed a dual-luminescence-system of the [NbO6] group and Pr3+. Thereby, optical temperature measurement based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology of Pr3+ ions and [NbO6] groups was carried out using non-thermal coupling pairs, through the Boltzmann fitting and integral calculation, the maximum Sr and Sa values were 2.25% K−1 and 0.0049 K−1 at 403 K and 443 K, respectively, the Sr value is four times that obtained from the thermal coupling of Pr3+ ions, which exceeded most values previously reported for the fluorescence powder. Accordingly, we also studied the thermal sensitivity of Er3+ ions and Eu3+ ions mono-doped CaNb2O6 substrates. Results reveal that CaNb2O6:Pr3+/Er3+/Eu3+ phosphors have splendid temperature sensitivity and have far-reaching application prospects in the field of temperature measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional nanocomposites of metal-oxide and noble metal were expected to present superior performance for nonenzymatic glucose detection due to its good conductivity and high catalytic activity inherited from noble metal and metal oxide respectively. As a proof of concept, we synthesized gold and copper oxide (Au/CuO) composite with unique one-dimensional nanocauliflowers structure. Due to the nature of the synthesis method, no any foreign binder was needed in keeping either Au or CuO in place. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt in combining metal oxide and noble metal in a binder-free style for fabricating nonenzymatic glucose sensor. The Au/CuO nanocauliflowers with large electrochemical active surface and high electrolyte contact area would promise a wide linear range and high sensitive detection of glucose with good stability and reproducibility due to its good electrical conductivity of Au and high electrocatalytic activity of CuO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Designed dual-activators in double perovskite according to site-beneficial occupation principle. • Perovskite La 3 Li 3 W 2 O 12 matrix contains abundant sites that suitable the doping of Mn4+ and Lanthanide. • Taking advantage of diverse thermal quenching between Mn4+ and Eu3+ ions for optical thermometry. Currently, Eu3+ or Mn4+ activated red-emitting fluorescent materials are widely used for solid-state lighting and optical temperature sensing. Here, we have chosen an abundant double perovskite structure that provides not only a trivalent Eu3+ lattice but also a tetravalent Mn4+ lattice and guarantees simultaneous emission. A family of rare earth (Eu3+) and transition metal (Mn4+) co-doped La 3 Li 3 W 2 O 12 (LLWO) red-emitting phosphors were obtained by designing a site-occupation strategy. By changing the concentration of Eu3+, the coordination environment of the activator is adjusted to finally achieve the adjustable emission of the phosphor from orange to red. In addition, when the doping concentration of Eu3+ is greater than 0.05, the symmetry of the doping sites in the perovskite structure decreases leading to the luminescence performance of red color and the enhancement of luminescence intensity. Finally, optical thermometry based on fluorescence intensity ratio shows that the developed phosphor has high sensitivity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raw materials and synthesis strategies have great influence on the morphologies and optical properties of materials. In this study, ultrasonic synthesis of controllable thin sheet-like BiPO 4 with an excessive visible-light response was synthesized, using Bi-based metal-organic frameworks (CAU-17) and ionic liquid [Omim]H 2 PO 4 as raw materials. Compared with BiPO 4 -H (hydrothermal, solid rod shape) synthesized using inorganic salt, BiPO 4 -A (agitation, thin rod-like) and BiPO 4 -U (ultrasonic, thin sheet-like) have better visible-light absorption capacity and narrower band gap. Under visible-light, they could degrade 27.7 % (BiPO 4 -H), 73.0 % (BiPO 4 -A), and 76.3 % (BiPO 4 -U) tetracycline hydrochloride at 30 min, respectively. The speedy charge transfer at the photogenerated carrier interface, large specific surface areas, and improved light adsorption greatly enhance the photocatalytic performance. Cyclic experiments exhibit that the material has good photostability and repeatability. Finally, the feasible degradation mechanism of the material was proposed via a capture experiment. This paper provides a new technique for synthesizing BiPO 4 or other photocatalysts, which can be used for high-efficiency wastewater purification under visible-light. [Display omitted] • A novel ultrasonic synthesis method for BiPO 4 with excellent visible-light response is presented. • [Bi-MOF(CAU-17)] and [Omim]H 2 PO 4 were used as raw materials instead of traditional inorganic salts. • The linear average photocatalytic rate of BiPO 4 -U is 16.1 times of BiPO 4 -H synthesized by traditional methods. • Possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on photo-electrochemical characterization and free radical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we proposed to utilize three-dimensional porous copper foam (CF) as conductive substrate and precursor of in-situ growth CuO nanowires (NWs) for fabricating electrochemical nonenzymatic glucose sensors. The CF supplied high surface area due to its unique three-dimensional porous foam structure, and thus resulted in high sensitivity for glucose detection. The CuO NWs/CF based nonenzymatic sensors presented reliable selectivity, good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. In addition, the CuO NWs/CF based nonenzymatic sensors have been employed for practical applications, and the glucose concentration in human serum was measured to be 4.96 ± 0.06 mM, agreed well with the value measured from the commercial available glucose sensor in hospital, and the glucose concentration in saliva was also estimated to be 0.91 ± 0.04 mM, which indicated that the CuO NWs/CF owned the possibility for noninvasive glucose detection. The rational design of CuO NWs/CF provided an efficient strategy for fabricating of electrochemical nonenzymatic biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the mechanism of oxygen vacancy-regulated photoelectrochemical sensors for highly sensitive and selective determination of biomolecules containing electron-donating groups is an innovative research field. In this study, oxygen vacancy-regulated TiO 2 nanotube arrays (Ov-TNTs) with high photoelectrochemical activity were synthesized and applied to defect tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ droves Ov-TNTs with a narrow energy band to generate more photogenerated carriers under irradiation. The photocurrent response of the oxygen vacancy-regulated photoelectrochemical sensor decreased with increasing TC concentration, which could be mainly attributed to adsorption of TC, which consumed part of the oxygen vacancies on the surface of Ov-TNTs. This system had excellent linearity in the range of 0.1–1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.33 nM (S/N = 3). In addition, the sensor was highly selective for TC determination due to the mutual electrostatic interaction between negatively charged TC-containing electron-donating groups (-NH 2 and -OH) and positively charged Ov-TNTs. This study provided a foundation for developing an oxygen vacancy-regulated adsorptive photoelectrochemical sensor. • The introduction of oxygen vacancies drives TNTs with narrow energy band to generate more photogenerated carriers. • Oxygen vacancies can be used as electron traps for preferential adsorption of TC molecules with electron-donating groups. • The photoelectrochemical sensor exhibits superior sensitivity and selectivity for TC detection. • The mechanism investigation shows that the adsorption of TC on the surface of Ov-TNTs decreases the oxygen vacancies and Ti3 + concentration, resulting in the gradual recovery of photocurrent to pure TNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the typical honeycomb-nanoparticle heterostructure with honeycomb TiO 2 nanotube arrays (HTNTs) as light harvesting unit and Bi 2 MoO 6 nanoparticles (BMO) as recognition unit was prepared for highly sensitive and selective nano-enzymatic photoelectrochemical L-cysteine biosensor. [Display omitted] • The typical honeycomb-nanoparticle heterostructure between HTNTs and BMO improves the light harvesting behavior and the separation efficiency of the electron-hole pairs. • BMO nanoparticles fully dispersed on HTNTs with large specific surface area provides more sites for Cyst recognition. • Cyst can be specifically recognized through the Bi-S bonds. • The PEC enzyme-free biosensor shows good performance for Cyst with low detection limit and wide linear range. Improving light harvesting behavior and recognition sites of sensor is an effective way to achieve highly sensitive and selective detection of nano-enzymatic photoelectrochemical (PEC) L-cysteine (Cyst). In this work, the Bi 2 MoO 6 -TiO 2 composite (BMO-HTNTs) with honeycomb TiO 2 nanotube arrays (HTNTs) as light harvesting unit and Bi 2 MoO 6 nanoparticles (BMO) as recognition unit was prepared. The typical honeycomb-nanoparticle heterostructure between HTNTs and BMO improves the separation efficiency of the electron-hole pairs. Moreover, BMO nanoparticles fully dispersed on HTNTs with large specific surface area provide more sites for Cyst recognition. The composite exhibited the enhanced light absorption and higher photocurrent density at 0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which was 4 times than that of HTNTs under simulated light. Ingeniously, Cyst can not only be specifically recognized through the Bi-S bonds but also act as electron donor to scavenge the photogenerated holes of BMO-HTNTs, resulting in the increase of PEC responses. The PEC sensor showed superior analytical performance for Cyst detection with two linear regression equations in the range of 500 nM to 500 μM and a detection limit of 150 nM. The results of the enzyme-free sensor on practical urine and serum samples demonstrated its promising application in biological monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great interest in the field of photocatalysis because of their adjustable porous structure and semiconductor properties. In this research, a new type of MIL-88B(Fe)/Bi 2 WO 6 was successfully prepared by growing MIL-88B(Fe) on the surface of flower-like Bi 2 WO 6 spheres. The structures of materials were characterized through XRD, BET, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX and FT-IR. 7-MIL-88B(Fe)/Bi 2 WO 6 exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance with a degradation rate of 96.4% within 90 min under visible light irradiation. Compared with pure Bi 2 WO 6 or MIL-88B(Fe), 7-MIL-88B(Fe)/Bi 2 WO 6 exhibits the largest specific surface area to provide more active sites. Additionally, the ·O 2 - and ·OH played dominant roles during the photocatalytic degradation process based on trapping and ESR tests. Through cyclic experiments, MIL-88B(Fe)/Bi 2 WO 6 composites show good stability and degradation efficiency, indicating its application potential in the environmental field. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replacing solid structures with lattice structure is a way enabled by additive manufacturing (AM) to realize part lightweight design. Conventional design optimization method based on homogeneous periodic lattice structure cannot achieve the optimal structure without taking the stress magnitude and orientation into account. A design optimization method of heterogeneous conformal lattice structure coupling constraints and anisotropy of AM based on principal stress lines (PSL) is proposed. (1) The PSL is calculated based on finite element analysis to visualize the path of load transfer. (2) The load-adapted lattice structure is generated guided by the PSL. (3) In order to further optimize lattice structure, the lattice structure optimization model is established by coupling anisotropy and constraints of AM based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) experiment. Taking a cantilever beam as a case, the maximum force-to-weight ratio and the stiffness-to-weight ratio of the optimized heterogeneous conformal lattice structure are increased by 11.8% and 41.8% respectively compared with homogeneous conformal lattice structure, which verified the feasibility of the proposed method. Unlabelled Image • A design optimization method of lattice structure coupling constraints and anisotropy of AM was proposed. • The superiority of the lattice structure based on principal stress lines was verified by finite element analysis. • The anisotropy model was established based on FDM specimens with different diameters and deposition orientations. • The strength and stiffness of the optimized cantilever beam with heterogeneous conformal lattice structure were improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]