Search

We analyze the recent data from the BESIII collaboration on the $X(3872)$ state in the $J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$ and $D^0\bar{D}^0\pi^0$ decay channels. The quantum number and mass of the $X(3872)$ state allow us to exploit the universal feature of the very near-threshold $D\bar D^*$ scattering in the $S$ wave. The analysis of $J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$ data and $D^0\bar{D}^0\pi^0$ data separately as well as the combined analysis of these data together, all support the conclusion that $X(3872)$ is an extremely weakly bound charm meson molecule., Comment: pdflatex, 15 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables

In this work, we systematically study the heavy baryonium and heavy dibaryon systems using the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder and instantaneous approximations for the kernel. Our results indicate that all the heavy baryonium systems, specifically $\Lambda_Q\bar{\Lambda}_Q$, $\Xi_Q\bar{\Xi}_Q$, $\Sigma_Q\bar{\Sigma}_Q$, $\Xi'_Q\bar{\Xi}'_Q$, and $\Omega_Q\bar{\Omega}_Q$ ($Q=c, b$), can form bound states. Among the heavy dibaryon systems, only the $\Xi_Q\Xi_Q$ system with $I=0$ and the $\Sigma_Q\Sigma_Q$ systems with $I=0$ and $I=1$ can exist as bound states. Additionally, the $\Sigma_Q\bar{\Sigma}_Q$ system with $I=2$ and the $\Sigma_Q\Sigma_Q$ system with $I=1$ are not deeply bound.

The direct CP asymmetry in quasi-two-body decays of $B \rightarrow (V\rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-})P $ is investigated in the perturbative QCD method, where P represents a pseudoscalar meson and V refers to $\rho$, $\omega$ and $\phi$ mesons, respectively. We present the amplitude of the quasi-two-body decay process and investigate the effects of mixed resonances involving $\rho^{0}-\omega$, $\rho^{0}-\phi$ and $\omega-\phi$, while considering the impact of isospin symmetry breaking. We observe a significant CP asymmetry when the invariant mass of the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ pair is within the resonance ranges of $\rho$, $\omega$ and $\phi$ mesons. Consequently, we proceed to quantify the regional CP asymmetry in these resonance regions. A significant difference is observed when comparing results obtained with and without interferences of the three vector mesons and isospin conservation. The CP asymmetry results obtained from the three-body decay process, without interference due to isospin conservation by the perturbative QCD method, are in agreement with the newly updated data acquired by the LHCb experiment.

In this work, we investigate possible bound states of the $\Lambda_c\bar{\Lambda}_c$ system in the Bethe-Salpeter formalism in the ladder and instantaneous approximations. By numerically solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation, we confirm the existence of $\Lambda_c\bar{\Lambda}_c$ bound states with quantum numbers $J^{PC}=0^{-+}$ and $J^{PC}=1^{--}$. We further investigate the partial decay widths of the $\Lambda_c\bar{\Lambda}_c$ bound states into $N\bar{N}$, $D\bar{D}$, $D\bar{D}^\ast$, $D^\ast\bar{D}^\ast$, $\pi\bar{\pi}$, and $K\bar{K}$. Our results indicate that the decay width of the $\Lambda_c\bar{\Lambda}_c$ bound state with $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ is much larger than that with $J^{PC}=0^{-+}$, and among their decay channels, the $D\bar{D}^\ast$ final state is the main decay mode. We suggest experiments to search for the $\Lambda_c\bar{\Lambda}_c$ bound states in the $D\bar{D}^\ast$ final state.

$C\!P$ violation in baryon decay processes is still undiscovered to date. We present a general analysis of the decay-angular-distributions and the corresponding $C\!P$ asymmetries in cascade decays of the type $\mathbb{H}\to R(\to ab) c$, where $\mathbb{H}$ is a heavy hadron that decays through weak interactions $\mathbb{H}\to R c$, and the resonance $R$ decays strongly via $R\to ab$. Based on the analysis, we propose to search for $C\!P$ violation in the decay-angular-distributions in the cascade decay processes ${\mathbb{B}}\to \mathcal{B} M$, with $\mathcal{B}$ or $M$ subsequently decaying through strong interactions, where ${\mathbb{B}}$ is the mother baryon, $\mathcal{B}$ or $M$ are the daughter baryon and meson, respectively, and $M$ has to be spin-nonzero. We also present some typical decay channels in which the search for such kinds of $C\!P$ asymmetries can be performed., Comment: 16 pages

In this work, we investigate possible bound states of the $D_s\bar{D}_s$ system in the Bethe-Salpeter formalism in the ladder and instantaneous approximations. By numerically solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation with a kernel that includes the contributions from $\phi$ and $J/\psi$ exchanges, we confirm the existence of a bound state in the $D_s\bar{D}_s$ system. We further investigate the partial decay widths of the $D_s\bar{D}_s$ bound state into $D\bar{D}$, $\eta_c\eta$, and $J/\psi\omega$, finding that these partial widths are sensitive to the parameter $\alpha$ in our model. Notably, we observe that the dominant decay channel for the $D_s\bar{D}_s$ bound state is that into $D\bar{D}$.

We introduce the new resonance of $V\rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}$ $(V=\phi, \rho, \omega)$, which produces some new strong phase associated with vector meson resonance and thus can cause relatively large CP asymmetry at the range of interferences. There are the resonances of $\phi \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}$, $\rho \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}$ and $\omega \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}$ due to the mixing of vector mesons $\phi$, $\rho$, $\omega$. We calculate the CP asymmetry from the decay modes of $B \rightarrow KK\pi(K)$. Meanwhile, the localised CP asymmetries are presented and some detailed analysis can be found. The CP asymmetry from the decay mode of ${B}^{-}\rightarrow \phi\pi^{-}\rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{-}$ is also presented in our framework which is well consisted with LHC experiment. The introduced CP asymmetry can provide a favorable theoretical support for the experimental exploration in the future.

An investigation about localized CP asymmetries for the processes of $\bar{B}_{s}^{0} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{0} (K^{0})$ is presented in this paper. The innovation of this paper is that there is a consideration of three-particle $\rho^0(770)$, $\omega(782)$ and $\phi(1020)$ interferences effect. Generally, $\omega(782)$ and $\phi(1020)$ both can decay into $\pi ^+\pi ^-$ pair where can cause extremely small contribution from isospin symmetry breaking. Nevertheless, our analysis shows that $\bar{B}_{s}^{0} \rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^-\pi^{0}(K^{0})$ decay process can bring differential CP asymmetry about $65\%$ ($36\%$) because of isospin symmetry breaking. To better compared with the data from experimental in the future, we integrate CP asymmetry over the invariant mass and obtain localized CP asymmetry value for the decay $\bar{B}_{s}^{0} \rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^-\pi^{0} (K^{0})$. We find that there is an evident signal about CP asymmetry at invariant mass value $m(\pi^{+}\pi^{-})$ below the mass of $\rho(770)^{0}$ with the decay $\bar{B}_{s}^{0} \rightarrow \pi ^+\pi^{-}\pi^{0}$.

In this work, we systematically investigate the two-pseudoscalar meson systems with the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder and instantaneous approximations. By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation numerically with the kernel containing the one-particle exchange diagrams, we find that the $K\bar{K}$, $DK$, $B\bar{K}$, $D\bar{D}$, $B\bar{B}$, $BD$, $D\bar{K}$, $BK$, and $B\bar{D}$ systems with $I=0$ can exist as bound states. We also study the contributions from heavy meson ($J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$) exchanges, and we find that the contribution from heavy meson exchange can not be ignored., Comment: 12 pages, 1 table, 3 figures

We use a near-threshold parameterization with explicit inclusion of the Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson poles, which is more general than the effective range expansion, to study the bottomonium-like states $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$. In terms of the partial-wave amplitude, we fit the event number distribution of $B^{(*)}\bar B^*$ system to the experimental data for these resonances from Belle Collaboration. The data could be described very well in our method, which supports the molecular interpretation. Then the relevant physical quantities are obtained, including the $B^{(*)}\bar{B}^*$ scattering length ($a$), effective range ($r$), and residue squared ($\gamma_s^2$) of the pole in the complex plane. In particular, we find the compositeness can range from about 0.4 up to 1 for the $B\bar B^*$ ($B^*\bar B^*$) component in the resonance $Z_b(10610)$ ($Z_b(10650)$)., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, more discussions clarified, accepted for publication in EPJC

Using the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) we investigate the forward-backward asymmetries $( A_{FB}) $ in $\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda l^+ l^-(l=e,\mu,\tau)$ in the quark-diquark model. This approach provides precise form factors that are different from those of QCD sum rules. We calculate the rare decay form factors for $\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda l^+ l^-$ and investigate the (integrated) forward-backward asymmetries in these decay channels. We find that the integrated $A^l_{FB}$, $\bar{A}^l_{FB}(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda e^+ e^-) \simeq -0.1371 $, $\bar{A}^l_{FB}(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \mu^+ \mu^- ) \simeq -0.1376 $, $\bar{A}^l_{FB}(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \tau^+ \tau^-) \simeq -0.1053 $, the hadron side asymmetries $\bar{A}^h_{FB}(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \mu^+ \mu^-)\simeq -0.2315$, the lepton-hadron side asymmetries $\bar{A}^{lh}_{FB}(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \mu^+ \mu^-)\simeq 0.0827$, the longitudinal polarization fractions $\bar{F}_L(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \mu^+ \mu^-)\simeq 0.5681$.

The physical state of $\rho$-$\omega$-$\phi$ mesons can be mixed by the unitary matrix. The decay processes of $\omega \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ and $\phi \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ are from the isospin symmetry breaking. The $\rho-\omega$, $\rho-\phi$ and $\omega-\phi$ interferences lead to resonance contribution to produce the strong phases. The $CP$ asymmetry is considered from above isospin symmetry breaking due to the new strong phase for the first order. It has been found the $CP$ asymmetry can be enhanced greatly for the decay process of $B^{0}\rightarrow\pi^+\pi^{-}\eta^{(')}$ when the invariant masses of the $\pi^+\pi^{-}$ pairs are in the area around the $\omega$ resonance range and the $\phi$ resonance range in perturbative QCD. We also discuss the possibility to search the predicted $CP$ violation at the LHC.

In this work, we systematically study the $D\bar{D}^*$/$B\bar{B}^*$ and $DD^*$/$\bar{B}\bar{B}^*$ systems with the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder and instantaneous approximations for the kernel. By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation numerically with the kernel containing the direct and crossed one particle-exchange diagrams and introducing three different form factors (monopole, dipole, and exponential form factors) at the vertices, we find only the isoscalar $D\bar{D}^*$/$B\bar{B}^*$ and $DD^*$/$\bar{B}\bar{B}^*$ systems can exist as bound states. This indicate that the $X(3872)$ and $T^+_{cc}$ could be accommodated as $I^G(J^{PC})=0^+(1^{++})$ $D\bar{D}^*$ and $(I)J^P =(0)1^+$ $DD^*$ molecular states while the molecular state explanations for $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_c(3900)$ are excluded., Comment: 13 pages, 2 tables

Despite the large baryon-anti-baryon asymmetry in the observable Universe, the closely related phenomenon -- the violation of the combined charge and parity symmetry ($C\!P$V) -- has not been observed in the baryon sector in laboratories. In this paper, a new strategy for searching for $C\!P$V in heavy hadron multi-body decays is proposed, in which a set of novel observables measuring $C\!P$V in such decays -- the partial wave $C\!P$ asymmetries (PW$C\!P$As) -- are introduced. This strategy is model-independent and applicable to multi-body decays of heavy hadrons with arbitrary spin configurations in both initial and final states, and with any number of particles in the final state. It is especially applicable for $C\!P$V investigations in multi-body decays of heavy baryons. As applications of this strategy, we suggest to measure the PW$C\!P$As in some decay channels of bottom baryons such as $\Lambda_b^0\to p \pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$, $\Lambda_b\to p K^- \pi^+\pi^-$, $\Lambda^0_b\to p\pi^-K^+K^-$, $\Lambda_b^0\to\Lambda K^+\pi^-$, and $\Lambda_b^0\to p \pi^- K_s$.}, Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in JHEP

In the framework of the QCD factorization approach, we study the localized $CP$ violations of the $B^-\rightarrow K^- \pi^+\pi^-$ decay with and without $a_0^0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing mechanism, respectively, and find that the localized $CP$ violation can be enhanced by this mixing effect when the mass of the $\pi^+\pi^-$ pair is in the vicinity of the $f_0(980)$ resonance. The corresponding theoretical prediction results are $\mathcal{A}_{CP}(B^-\rightarrow K f_0 \rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-)=[0.24, 0.36]$ and $\mathcal{A}_{CP}(B^-\rightarrow K^- f_0(a_0) \rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-)=[0.33, 0.52]$, respectively. Meanwhile, we also calculate the branching fraction of the $B^-\rightarrow K^-f_0(980)\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ decay, which is consistent with the experimental results. We suggest that $a_0^0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing mechanism should be considered when studying the $CP$ violation of the $B$ or $D$ mesons decays theoretically and experimentally., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures

We interpret the $X_1(2900)$ as an $S$-wave $\bar{D}_1K$ molecular state in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach with the ladder and instantaneous approximations for the kernel. By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation numerically with the kernel containing one-particle-exchange diagrams and introducing three different form factors (monopole, dipole, and exponential form factors) in the verties, we find the bound state exists. We also study the decay width of the decay $X_1(2900)$ to $D^-K^+$., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.14085, arXiv:1906.09002

The semileptonic decay of heavy flavor mesons offers a clean environment for extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements, which describes the CP-violating and flavor changing process in the Standard Model. The involved form factors where the dynamical information is encoded play an essential role in achieving any conclusive statement. That is, the knowledge of the form factors should be under good control, requiring one to examine more observables in addition to the branching fraction. In this paper, we provide the mean value and the $q^2$-dependent shape for further observables [differential decay distribution ($d\Gamma/dq^2$), forward-backward asymmetry ($\mathcal{A}_{FB}^l$), longitudinal ($P_L^l$) and transverse ($P_T^l$) polarization of a charged lepton, longitudinal polarization of a vector meson in the final state ($F_L^l(V)$), leptonic convexity parameter ($C_F^l$), and trigonometric moments ($W_i^l$) in the decay of $D_{(s)}$ and $B_{(s)}$ to $P/V l^+ \nu_l$ ($l=e$, $\mu$ or $\tau$)], based on the predictions of the relevant form factors from the covariant light-front quark model. $P$ and $V$ denote the pseudoscalar and vector meson, respectively. As a comparison, we find a good agreement with the results from the covariant confining quark model and the relativistic quark model in the literature. As it has been observed that the $P_L^l$ and $F_L^l(V)$ are crucial quantities to discriminate various New Physics models, the reexamination of these observables from a different method is also essential and necessary., Comment: final version, will appear in JHEP soon

Within the quasi-two-body decay model, we study the localized $CP$ violation and branching fraction of the four-body decay $\bar{B}^0\rightarrow [K^-\pi^+]_{S/V}[\pi^+\pi^-]_{V/S} \rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ when $K^-\pi^+$ and $\pi^-\pi^+$ pair invariant masses are $0.35

We study the $CP$ asymmetry of $B^\pm\to \omega K^\pm$ with the inclusion of the $\rho-\omega$ mixing mechanism. It is shown that the $CP$ asymmetry of $B^\pm\to\omega K^\pm$ experimentally measured ($A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$) and conventionally defined ($A_{CP}^{\text{con}}$) are in fact different, which relation can be illustrated as $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}=A_{CP}^{\text{con}}+\Delta A_{CP}^{\rho\omega}$, with $\Delta A_{CP}^{\rho\omega}$ the $\rho-\omega$ mixing contribution to $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$. $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$ is in fact the regional $CP$ asymmetry of $B^\pm\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0 K^\pm$ when the invariant mass of the three pions lies in the vicinity of the $\omega$ resonance. The numerical value of $\Delta A_{CP}^{\rho\omega}$ is extracted from the experimental data of $B^\pm\to\pi^+\pi^-K^\pm$ and is found to be comparable with $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$, hence, nonnegligible. The conventionally defined $CP$ asymmetry, $A_{CP}^{\text{con}}$, is obtained from the values of $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$ and $\Delta A_{CP}^{\rho\omega}$, and is compared with the theoretical calculations in the literature., Comment: 8 pages, version accepted by JHEP

We study the possible bound states of the $D_1D$ system in the Bethe-Salpeter (BS) formalism in the ladder and instantaneous approximations. By solving the BS equation numerically with the kernel containing one-particle exchange diagrams and introducing three different form factors (monopole, dipole, and exponential form factors) at the vertices, we investigate whether the isoscalar and isovector $D_1D$ bound states may exist, respectively. We find that $Y(4260)$ could be accommodated as a $D_1D$ molecule, whereas the interpretation of $Z_2^+(4250)$ as a $D_1D$ molecule is disfavored. The bottom analog of $Y(4260)$ may exist but that of $Z_2^+(4250)$ does not., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, and 4 tables

In a covariant quark-diquark model, we investigate the rare decay of $\Lambda_b \rightarrow n l^+ l^-$ and $\Lambda_b \rightarrow n \gamma$ in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. In this model the baryons are treated as bound states of a constituent quark and a diquark interacting via a gluon exchange and the linear confinement. We find that the ratio of form factors $R$ is varies from $-0.90$ to $-0.25$ and the branching ratios $Br(\Lambda_b \rightarrow n l^+ l^-)\times 10^{8}$ are $6.79(l=e),~4.08 ~ (l=\mu),~2.9 ~(l=\tau) $ and the branching ratio $Br(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \gamma)\times 10^{7} )=3.69$ in central values of parameters., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.08023

In this work, we study the localized $CP$ violation and the branching fraction of the four-body decay $\bar{B}^0\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ by employing a quasi-two-body QCD factorization approach. Considering the interference of $\bar{B}^0\rightarrow \bar{K}_0^*(700)\rho^0(770)\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ and $\bar{B}^0\rightarrow \bar{K}^*(892)f_0(500)\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ channels, we predict $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+)\in[0.15,0.28]$ and $\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+)\in[1.73,5.10]\times10^{-7}$, respectively, which shows that this two channels' interference mechanism can induce the localized $CP$ violation to this four-body decay. Meanwhile, within the two quark model framework for the scalar mesons $f_0(500)$ and $\bar{K}_0^*(700)$, we calculate the direct CP violations and branching fractions of the $\bar{B}^0\rightarrow \bar{K}_0^*(700)\rho^0(770)$ and $\bar{B}^0\rightarrow \bar{K}^*(892)f_0(500)$ decays, respectively. The corresponding results are $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow \bar{K}_0^*(700)\rho^0(770)) \in [0.20, 0.36]$, $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow \bar{K}^*(892)f_0(500))\in [0.08, 0.12]$, $\mathcal{B} (\bar{B}^0\rightarrow \bar{K}_0^*(700)\rho^0(770)\in [6.76, 18.93]\times10^{-8}$ and $\mathcal{B} (\bar{B}^0\rightarrow \bar{K}^*(892)f_0(500))\in [2.66, 4.80]\times10^{-6}$, respectively, indicating the $CP$ violations of these two two-body decays are both positive and the branching fractions are quite different. These studies provide a new way to investigate the aforementioned four-body decay and could be helpful in clarifying the configuration of the structure of light scalar meson.

We study the rare decays $\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda l^+ l^-~(l=e,\mu, \tau)$ in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. We find that depending on the values of parameters in our model the branching ratio $Br(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \mu^+ \mu^-)\times 10^{6}$ varies from $0.812$ to $1.445$ when $\kappa = 0.050 \sim 0.060$ GeV$^3$ and the binding energy $E_0=-0.14$ GeV while $Br(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \mu^+ \mu^-)\times 10^{6}$ varies from $1.051$ to $1.098$ when $\kappa = 0.055$ Gev$^3$ and the binding energy $E_0$ changes from $-0.19$ to $-0.09$ GeV. These results agree with the experimental data. In the same parameter regions, we find that the branching ratio $Br(\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda e^+ e^-(\tau^+ \tau^-) )\times 10^{6}$ varies in the range $0.660-1.028$ ($0.252-0.392$) and $0.749-1.098$ ($0.286-0.489$), respectively.

We interpret the $B_{s1}(5778)$ as an $S$-wave $B^\ast\bar{K}$ molecular state in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. In the ladder and instantaneous approximations, and with the kernel containing one-particle-exchange diagrams and introducing three different form factors (monopole, dipole, and exponential form factors) in the vertex, we find the bound state exists. We also study the decay widths of the decay $B_{s1}(5778)\rightarrow B_s^\ast\pi$ and the radiative decays $B_{s1}(5778)\rightarrow B_s\gamma$ and $B_{s1}(5778)\rightarrow B_s^{\ast}\gamma$, which will be instructive for the forthcoming experiments.

We predict that the $a_0^0(980)$-$f_0(980)$ mixing would lead to large CP violation. We calculate the localized direct CP asymmetry in the decays $B^\pm \to f_0(980) [a_0^0(980)] \pi^\pm \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^\pm $ via the $a_0^0(980)$-$f_0(980)$ mixing mechanism based on the hypothetical $q\bar q$ structures of $a^0_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$ in the QCD factorization. It is shown that there is a peak for CP violation, which could be as large as 58%, when the invariance mass of $\pi\pi$ is near the masses of $a^0_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$. Since the CP asymmetry is sensitive to the $a_0^0(980)$-$f_0(980)$ mixing, measuring the CP violating parameter in the aforementioned decays could provide a new way to verify the existence of the $a_0^0(980)$-$f_0(980)$ mixing and be helpful in clarifying the configuration nature of the light scalar mesons., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures; accepted by Phys. Rev. D

In this work, we assume that the observed state $\Xi(1620)$ is a $s$-wave $\Lambda\bar{K}$ or $\Sigma\bar{K}$ bound state. Based on this molecule picture, we establish the Bethe-Salpeter equations for $\Xi(1620)$ in the ladder and instantaneous approximations. We solve the Bethe-Salpeter equations for the $\Lambda\bar{K}$ and $\Sigma\bar{K}$ systems numerically and find that the $\Xi(1620)$ can be explained as $\Lambda\bar{K}$ and $\Sigma\bar{K}$ bound states with $J^P=1/2^-$, respectively. Then we calculate the decay widths of $\Xi(1620)\rightarrow\Xi\pi$ in these two different molecule pictures systems, respectively., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1710.07424

In this work, within the QCD factorization approach, we study the localized integrated $CP$ violation in the $B^-\rightarrow \pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ decay and the branching fraction of the $B^-\rightarrow\sigma\pi^-$ decay. Both the resonance and nonresonance contributions are included when we study the localized $CP$ asymmetry in the $B^-\rightarrow \pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. The resonance contributions from the scalar $\sigma(600)$ and vector $\rho^0(770)$ mesons are included. For the $\sigma(600)$ meson, we apply both the Breit-Wigner and Bugg models to deal with its propagator, and obtain $\mathcal{B}(B^-\rightarrow \sigma(600)\pi^-)<1.67\times10^{-6}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^-\rightarrow \sigma(600) \pi^-)<1.946\times10^{-5}$ in these two models, respectively. We find that there is no allowed divergence parameters $\rho_S$ and $\phi_S$ to satisfy the experimental data $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-)=0.584\pm0.082\pm0.027\pm0.007$ in the region $m_{\pi^+\pi^- \mathrm{high}}^2>15$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and $m_{\pi^+\pi^-\mathrm{low}}^2<0.4$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and the upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^-\rightarrow \sigma(600)\pi^-)$ in the Breit-Wigner model, however, there exists the region $\rho_S\in[1.70,3.34]$ and $\phi_S \in [0.50,4.50]$ satisfying the data for $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-)$ and the upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^-\rightarrow \sigma(600)\pi^-)$ in the Bugg model. This reveals that the Bugg model is more plausible than the Breit-Wigner model to describe the propagator of the $\sigma(600)$ meson even though the finite width effects are considered in both models. The large values of $\rho_S$ indicate that the contributions from weak annihilation and hard spectator scattering processes are both large, especially, the weak annihilation contribution should not be negleted for $B$ decays to final states including a scalar meson., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1811.02167

In this work, we study the localized $CP$ violation in $B^-\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ and $B^-\rightarrow K^- \sigma(600)$ decays by employing the quasi two-body QCD factorization approach. Both the resonance and the nonresonance contributions are studied for the $B^-\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. The resonance contributions include those not only from $[\pi\pi]$ channels including $\sigma(600)$, $\rho^0(770)$ and $\omega(782)$ but also from $[K\pi]$ channels including $K^*(892)$, $K_0^*(1430)$, $K^*(1410)$, $K^*(1680)$ and $K_2^*(1430)$. By fitting the experimental data $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(K^-\pi^+\pi^-)=0.678\pm0.078\pm0.0323\pm0.007$ for $m_{K^-\pi^+}^2<15$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and $0.08

A doubly heavy baryon can be regarded as composed of a heavy diquark and a light quark. In this picture, we study the masses of the doubly heavy diquarkes in the Bethe-Salpeter (BS) formalism first, which are then used as one of the inputs in studying the masses of the doubly heavy baryons in the quark-diquark model. We establish the BS equations for both the heavy diquarks and the heavy baryons with and without taking the heavy quark limit, respectively. These equations are solved numerically with the kernel containing the scalar confinement and one-gluon-exchange terms. The mass of the doubly charmed baryon $\Xi_{cc}^{(\ast)}$ is obtained in both approaches, $3.60\sim3.65\,\rm GeV$ ($\Xi_{cc}^{(\ast)}$) under the heavy quark limit, $3.53\sim3.56\,\rm GeV$ for $\Xi_{cc}$ and $3.61\sim3.63\,\rm GeV$ for $\Xi_{cc}^\ast$ without taking the heavy quark limit. The masses of $\Xi_{bc}^\prime$, $\Xi_{bc}^{(\ast)}$, $\Xi_{bb}^{(\ast)}$, $\Omega_{cc}^{(\ast)}$, $\Omega_{bc}^\prime$, $\Omega_{bc}^{(\ast)}$ and $\Omega_{bb}^{(\ast)}$ are also predicted in the same way. We find that the corrections to the results in the heavy quark limit are about $-0.02\,\rm GeV\sim-0.11\,\rm GeV$ for the masses of the doubly heavy baryons.

We study the residues of $\Lambda_Q$-type baryons ($\Lambda_Q$ and $\Xi_Q^A$) $(Q=b,c)$ and $\Sigma_Q$-type baryons ($\Sigma_Q^{(\ast)}$, $\Xi_Q^{S(\ast)}$ and $\Omega_Q^{(\ast)}$) in the quark-diquark model within the Bethe-Salpeter (BS) formalism. These residues can be used, for example, in the calculations of the amplitudes in the scattering processes. After constructing the baryonic currents in the BS formalism, we derive the relations between the BS wave functions and the residues for these baryons. The BS equations are solved numerically with the kernel including the scalar confinement and the one gluon exchange terms and with the covariant instantaneous approximation being employed in the calculations. Finally, we obtain the numerical values of the residues $0.103\,\rm GeV\sim0.224\,\rm GeV$ for $\Lambda_Q$, $0.143\,\rm GeV\sim0.215\,\rm GeV$ for $\Xi_Q^A$, $0.262\,\rm GeV\sim0.361\,\rm GeV$ for $\Sigma_Q^{(\ast)}$, $0.313\,\rm GeV\sim0.460\,\rm GeV$ for $\Xi_Q^{S(\ast)}$ and $0.473\,\rm GeV\sim0.571\,\rm GeV$ for $\Omega_Q^{(\ast)}$ in the ranges of the parameters in our model.

Within the QCD factorization approach, we study the $CP$ violations in $B^-\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ and $B^-\rightarrow K^- f_0(500)$ decays. We find the experimental data of the localized $CP$ asymmetry in $B^-\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ decays in the region $m_{K^-\pi^+}^2<15$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and $0.08

In this work, we study the $B\bar{K}$ molecule in the Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation approach. With the kernel containing one-particle-exchange diagrams and introducing two different form factors (monopole form factor and dipole form factor) in the vertex, we solve the BS equation numerically in the covariant instantaneous approximation. We investigate the isoscalar and isovector $B\bar{K}$ systems, and we find $X(5568)$ cannot be a $B\bar{K}$ molecule.

We study the electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs) of $\Lambda_c$ and the quark and diquark current contributes to the EMFFs of $\Lambda_c$ in the space-like (SL) region in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. In this picture, the heavy baryon $\Lambda_c $ is regarded as composed of a heavy quark and a scalar diquark. We find that for different values of parameters the quark and diquark current contribute to the EMFFs of $\Lambda_c$ is very different, but the total contribute to the EMFFs of $\Lambda_c$ is similarly. The EMFFs of $\Lambda_c$ are similar to those of other baryons (proton, $\Xi^-$, $\Sigma^+$) with a peak at $\omega =1$ ($\omega=v^\prime \cdot v $ is the velocity transfer between the initial state (with velocity $v$) and the final state (with velocity $v^\prime$) of $\Lambda_c$)., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1612.06084