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Abstract The surface morphology and roughness of a workpiece are crucial parameters in grinding processes. Accurate prediction of these parameters is essential for maintaining the workpiece’s surface integrity. However, the randomness of abrasive grain shapes and workpiece surface formation behaviors poses significant challenges, and accuracy in current physical mechanism-based predictive models is needed. To address this problem, by using the random plane method and accounting for the random morphology and distribution of abrasive grains, this paper proposes a novel method to model CBN grinding wheels and predict workpiece surface roughness. First, a kinematic model of a single abrasive grain is developed to accurately capture the three-dimensional morphology of the grinding wheel. Next, by formulating an elastic deformation and formation model of the workpiece surface based on Hertz theory, the variation in grinding arc length at different grinding depths is revealed. Subsequently, a predictive model for the surface morphology of the workpiece ground by a single abrasive grain is devised. This model integrates the normal distribution model of abrasive grain size and the spatial distribution model of abrasive grain positions, to elucidate how the circumferential and axial distribution of abrasive grains influences workpiece surface formation. Lastly, by integrating the dynamic effective abrasive grain model, a predictive model for the surface morphology and roughness of the grinding wheel is established. To examine the impact of changing the grit size of the grinding wheel and grinding depth on workpiece surface roughness, and to validate the accuracy of the model, experiments are conducted. Results indicate that the predicted three-dimensional morphology of the grinding wheel and workpiece surfaces closely matches the actual grinding wheel and ground workpiece surfaces, with surface roughness prediction deviations as small as 2.3%.

Soybean pests are one of the major factors limiting yield improvement. With the expansion of area and changes in cropping patterns, a number of new pests have been identified in the main soybean production areas of China. The common brown leafhopper, Orosius orientalis, is a new pest associated with soybean stay-green virus that has been discovered on cultivated soybean crop in the Yellow-Huai-hai region of China in recent years. The polyphagous insect has a wide feeding range and infests a variety of important grain and cash crops. This paper presents the basic information, geographical distribution, hosts, damage characteristics, plant virus transmission, occurrence patterns, and prevention and control measures O. orientalis. This review also provides insights into integrated prevention and control of the genus Orosius as an insect vector.

Abstract Background This study compared the differences of microvesicles (MVs) and microvesicles-delivering Smad7 (Smad7-MVs) on macrophage M1 polarization and fibroblast differentiation in a model of Peyronie’s disease (PD). Methods Overexpression of Smad7 in rat BMSCs was obtained by pCMV5-Smad7 transfection. MVs were collected from rat BMSCs using ultracentrifugation. In cells, 100 µg/mL of MVs or Smad7-MVs were used to treat the 100 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells or 10 ng/mL of recombinant transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibroblasts. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of M1 macrophages were measured in RAW264.7 cells, and the migration and markers of fibroblast differentiation were measured in fibroblasts. In rats, 50 µg of MVs or Smad7-MVs were used to treat the TGF-β1-induced animals. The pathology of tunica albuginea (TA), the markers of M1 macrophages and fibroblast differentiation in the TA were measured. Results The MVs or Smad7-MVs treatment suppressed the LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization and TGF-β1-induced fibroblast differentiation. Moreover, the Smad7-MVs treatment decreased the fibroblast differentiation compared with the MVs treatment. In the TGF-β1-induced TA of rats, MVs or Smad7-MVs treatment ameliorated the TA fibrosis by suppressing the macrophage M1 polarization and fibroblast differentiation. There was no significance on the M1-polarized macrophages between the MVs treatment and the Smad7-MVs treatment. Meanwhile, the Smad7-MVs treatment had an edge in terms of suppressing the fibroblast differentiation in the TGF-β1-induced PD model compared with the MVs treatment. Conclusions This study demonstrated that Smad7-MVs treatment had advantages over MVs treatment in suppressing of fibroblast differentiation in a model of PD.

There is increasing evidence that the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) can be used as a therapeutic intervention for cognitive disorders. Here, we have screened GLP-1R targeted compounds from Scutellaria baicalensis, which revealed baicalein is a potential GLP-1R small-molecule agonist. Mitophagy, a selective autophagy pathway for mitochondrial quality control, plays a neuroprotective role in multiple cognitive impairment diseases. We noticed that Glp1r knock-out (KO) mice present cognitive impairment symptoms and appear worse in spatial learning memory and learning capacity in Morris water maze (MWM) test than their wide-type (WT) counterparts. Our mechanistic studies revealed that mitophagy is impaired in hippocampus tissue of diabetic mice and Glp1r KO mice. Finally, we verified that the cognitive improvement effects of baicalein on diabetic cognitive dysfunction occur through the enhancement of mitophagy in a GLP-1R-dependent manner. Our findings shed light on the importance of GLP-1R for cognitive function maintenance, and revealed the vital significance of GLP-1R for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Furthermore, we identified the therapeutic potential of baicalein in the treatment of cognitive disorder associated with diabetes.

The violation of the U(1) axial symmetry in QCD is stricter than the chiral SU(2) breaking simply because of the presence of the quantum axial anomaly. If the QCD gauge coupling is sent to zero (the asymptotic free limit, where the U(1) axial anomaly does not exist), the strength of the U(1) axial breaking coincides with that of the chiral SU(2) breaking, which we, in short, call an axial–chiral coincidence. This coincidence is trivial since QCD then becomes a non-interacting theory. Actually, there exists another limit in the QCD parameter space, where an axial–chiral coincidence occurs even with nonzero QCD gauge coupling, which can be dubbed a nontrivial coincidence: it is the case with the massive light quarks (ml≠0) and the massless strange quark (ms=0) due to the flavor-singlet nature of the topological susceptibility. This coincidence is robust and tied to the anomalous chiral Ward–Takahashi identity, which is operative even at hot QCD. This implies that the chiral SU(2) symmetry is restored simultaneously with the U(1) axial symmetry at high temperatures. This simultaneous restoration is independent of ml(≠0) and, hence, is irrespective of the order of the chiral phase transition. In this paper, we discuss how the real-life QCD can be evolved from the nontrivial chiral–axial coincidence limit by working on a Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model with the U(1) axial anomaly contribution properly incorporated. It is shown that, at high temperatures, the large differences between the restorations of the chiral SU(2) symmetry and the U(1) axial symmetry for two light quarks and a sufficiently large current mass for the strange quark are induced by a significant interference of the topological susceptibility. Thus, the deviation from the nontrivial coincidence, which is monitored by the strange quark mass controlling the topological susceptibility, provides a new way of understanding the chiral SU(2) and U(1) axial breaking in QCD.

Background: The lack of headforms that accurately reflect the head characteristics of Koreans and the demographic composition of the Korean population can lead to inadequate FFR testing and reduced effectiveness of FFRs. Method: Direct measurements of 5,110 individuals and 3D measurements of 2,044 individuals, aged between 9 and 69 years, were sampled from the data pool of Size Korea surveys based on the age and gender ratios of the Korean resident demographics. Seven head dimensions were selected based on the ISO 16976-2, availability of Size Korea measurements, and their relevance to the fit performance of FFRs. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category. Results: The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow. Conclusion: This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population.

Abstract Objective To analyze factors influencing the service experience of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and psychological status of patients admitted to a hospital and propose targeted solutions, and optimize the examination process and nursing by analyzing the MRI examination experience and psychological effect on patients. Methods The MRI examination rooms of two tertiary general hospitals in Haikou City were sampled at random, and 206 patients who met the study criteria were surveyed on site. Results (1) The item with the lowest mean score for patient examination services was whether earplugs were provided to the patient during the examination (B8 = 0.47). (2) Environmental logistics experience (16.83 ± 3.036) received the lowest score among the three service experience dimensions. (3) The average anxiety score of the patients was 5.38. (4) There was a positive correlation between the examination experience and the examination service experience of the patients. (5) Patients with higher monthly income had decreased anxiety (coefficient = -2.334), and MRI examination of the extremities relieved the anxiety (coefficient = -4.782). Conclusion The environmental logistics factors, poor service attitude, examination site, and income were the most significant factors affecting the MRI examination experience and psychological status of patients, which can be improved by providing information, enhancing the waiting environment, providing targeted patient education, and evaluating the experience immediately.

Abstract Background Euholognatha is a monophyletic group within stoneflies comprised by a superfamily Nemouroidea and a family Scopuridae. Based on morphological data, the family-level phylogenetic relationships within Euholognatha are widely accepted, but there is still controversy among different molecular studies. To better understand the phylogeny of all six extant euholognathan families, we sequenced and analyzed seven euholognathan mitogenomes. Results The sequence heterogeneity analysis observed a low degree of compositional heterogeneity in euholognathan mitogenomes. Meanwhile, leuctrid mitogenomes were more heterogeneous than other euholognathan families, which may affect the phylogenetic reconstruction. Phylogenetic analyses with various datasets generated three topologies. The Leuctridae was recovered as the earliest branching lineage, and the sister relationship of Capniidae and Taeniopterygidae was supported by most tree topologies and FcLM analyses. When separately excluding sparsely sampled Scopuridae or high heterogeneity leuctrid taxa, phylogenetic analyses under the same methods generated more stable and consistent tree topologies. Finally, based on the results of this study, we reconstructed the relationships within Euholognatha as: Leuctridae + (Scopuridae + ((Taeniopterygidae + Capniidae) + (Nemouridae + Notonemouridae))). Conclusion Our research shows the potential of data optimizing strategies in reconstructing phylogeny within Euholognatha and provides new insight into the phylogeny of this group.

Improving the sustainability and processability of shape memory composites is key to expanding their applications. This work introduces a novel bio-based shape memory composite resin with renewable cellulose nanocrystals, suitable for stereolithography (SLA) printing. We prepared epoxy soybean oil-based composites by incorporating Itaconic acid monomethyl ester (IAME) modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs-IAME) into IAME modified epoxy soybean oil (IESO). The CNCs-IAME/IESO composite resin, with a viscosity of 1.01–1.22 Pa•s, is ideal for SLA printing. Adding 0.75 wt% CNCs-IAME particles enhances mechanical properties, yielding a tensile strength of 19.54 MPa and elongation at a break of 34.03%. Demonstrated applications include flexible supports and temperature-responsive sensors. This innovative composite offers excellent sustainability and SLA-printability, showing great potential for new bio-based heat-activated shape memory materials.

A RepNet-based wireless self-powered sensor system is designed by just two components with deep learning algorithm, which has simple structure and high accuracy even without integrated circuit. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) directly power the artificial intelligence sensor, and the algorithm extracts and encodes the convolutional features and local temporal information from a video. To test this model, we assemble a test dataset of 192 videos, comprising 32 frequencies of TENG. We then show the real-time detection backend based on the RepNet. This deep-learning-based backend also works well and demonstrates great feasibility and potential in the applications such as counting the number of LED flashing, estimating the possibility of LED flashing and detecting the changes of frequency. It is a potential and novel approach for sensing and transmited information of TENG-based self-powered sensors.

The pressure driven membrane-based air dehumidification technology is a promising energy-efficient technology for the air conditioning systems. To promote the engineering application of membrane dehumidification technology, factor significance analysis and multi-objective optimization of dehumidification membrane module were numerically investigated. Response surface method (RSM) was adopted to design the desired simulation cases and analyze the significance of five key factors, i.e., feed velocity, water vapor permeability coefficient, filling rate, fiber length, fiber diameter, on the membrane dehumidification characteristics. The second-order regression models of the dimensionless dehumidification amount per unit area (ma*) and the dehumidification rate (γ) were established based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was found that the water vapor permeability coefficient has the most significant effect on γ and ma*. However, the dehumidification coefficient of performance (COP) and the frictional coefficient (f*Re) are hardly affected by the five independent factors. An average COP of 2.523 implies a good dehumidification efficiency of membrane module. As a multi-objective optimization method, the genetic algorithm was used for the membrane module optimization. The optimal solution represented by Pareto frontier is finally obtained in terms of γ and ma*. The optimized factor-level combination can be selected from the Pareto solution set according to the actual requirements of energy consumption and dehumidification efficiency.

The low-cost daily monitoring of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels is crucial for screening acute inflammation or infections as well as managing chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we synthesized novel 2-Methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based biomimetic nanoparticles with a large surface area to develop a visual CRP-quantification assay using affordable glass capillaries. The PMPC nanoparticles, synthesized via reflux precipitation polymerization, demonstrated multivalent binding capabilities, enabling rapid and specific CRP capture. In the presence of CRP, PMPC nanoparticles formed sandwich structures with magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with CRP antibodies, thereby enhancing detection sensitivity and specificity. These sandwich complexes were magnetically accumulated into visible and quantifiable stacks within the glass capillaries, allowing for the rapid, sensitive, and specific quantification of CRP concentrations with a detection limit of 57.5 pg/mL and a range spanning from 0 to 5000 ng/mL. The proposed visual distance-based capillary biosensor shows great potential in routine clinical diagnosis as well as point-of-care testing (POCT) in resource-limited settings.

Abstract The viscoelastic lower crust beneath Kyushu Island, influenced by the volcanic arc, interplays with active crustal faults in this region and helps to shape local tectonics. In this study, we employed a three‐dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to gain insights into the lithospheric rheology and crustal faulting kinematics, through modeling the postseismic deformation processes of the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake. Our model reveals a viscosity of 2 × 1020 Pa s for the lower crust and 2 × 1019 Pa s for the upper mantle. A reduced lower crust viscosity of 2 × 1019 Pa s in the volcanic arc area is required for better reproducing the Global Positioning System data. The stress‐driven afterslip decays rapidly over time and is up to 0.3 m within 5 years after the earthquake. We propose additional normal‐component afterslip to better explain the complex postseismic deformation in the near field, which may be due to the interaction between the fault and volcano Aso.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can power wireless, real‐time sensing system with hybrid electromagnetic or piezoelectric power, or directly drive commercial LED without battery. However, it is a great challenge to directly drive wireless real‐time sensing system due to low energy density based on environment energy. Here, a self‐powered smart wireless temperature monitoring system that uses machine learning to accurately measure the ambient temperature is developed. A position modulation‐based TENG‐driven transmitter enables wireless communication and real‐time temperature monitoring. This machine learning‐based wireless sensor can accurately monitor the ambient temperature, with a recognition accuracy of up to 96.2%. This sensor architecture could potentially be used in low‐cost distributed sensors for environmental monitoring.

All-for-one tourism is a new planning concept proposed by Chinese tourism scholars and practitioners, which has been formally regarded as a new tourism model to develop the country’s tourism industries since 2016. It aims to stimulate the growth of the tourism industries across the entire region, encompassing all tourism and tourism-related resources at a destination. Hengdian Town is a tourism destination in China that has implemented the model of all-for-one tourism to develop and manage its film-related tourism. Based on the data collected from ethnographic methods (participant observations and individual interviews) in Hengdian Town, this paper examines the ways that the destination manages its film-related tourism, as well as the outcomes of such approaches, by applying the model of all-for-one tourism. The findings reveal that Hengdian Town has leveraged the model to manage its tourism resources and provided tourists with a comprehensive travel experience. This paper also explores the benefits and drawbacks of managing film-related tourism in the all-for-one tourism model. By focusing on film-related tourism, this study provides a unique perspective on the all-for-one tourism model.

Abstract Micro-grinding with a spherical grinding head has been deemed an indispensable method in high-risk surgeries, such as neurosurgery and spine surgery, where bone grinding has long been plagued by the technical bottleneck of mechanical stress-induced crack damage. In response to this challenge, the ultrasound-assisted biological bone micro-grinding novel process with a spherical grinding head has been proposed by researchers. Force modeling is a prerequisite for process parameter determination in orthopedic surgery, and the difficulty in establishing and accurately predicting bone micro-grinding force prediction models is due to the geometric distribution of abrasive grains and the dynamic changes in geometry and kinematics during the cutting process. In addressing these critical needs and technical problems, the shape and protrusion heights of the wear particle of the spherical grinding head were first studied, and the gradual rule of the contact arc length under the action of high-speed rotating ultrasonic vibration was proposed. Second, the mathematical model of the maximum thickness of undeformed chips under ultrasonic vibration of the spherical grinding head was established. Results showed that ultrasonic vibration can reduce the maximum thickness of undeformed chips and increase the range of ductile and bone meal removals, revealing the mechanism of reducing grinding force. Further, the dynamic grinding behavior of different layers of abrasive particles under different instantaneous interaction states was studied. Finally, a prediction model of micro-grinding force was established in accordance with the relationship between grinding force and cutting depth, revealing the mechanism of micro-grinding force transfer under ultrasonic vibration. The theoretical model’s average deviations are 10.37% in x-axis direction, 6.85% in y-axis direction, and 7.81% in z-axis direction compared with the experimental results. This study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for clinical bone micro-grinding.

The Beishan area in Gansu province is the main pre-selected site for deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, it therefore bears implications for the study of fracture seepage characteristics of granite caused by shear failure. This paper investigated the fractal modeling of the geometric and seepage characteristics of granite fracture sections under shear conditions, with the aim to explore the effect of the geometric characteristics of multi-scale rough fractures on the evolution of nonlinear seepage field in Beishan granite. Results show that the roughness height and aperture of rough fractures have complete self-similarity in the process of model scale change, whose distribution are always consistent in the process of spatial scale change. The seepage velocity field, gradient field and divergence field only demonstrate the continuation of local characteristics, in particular, the corresponding quantity fields at different scales are subject to normal distribution. As the observation scale increases, the spatial fluctuation in the field gradually decreases, the sharp mutations in the three fields gradually disappear and are smoothed. This indicates that the larger the observation scale, the greater the probability that the seepage of rough fracture is misjudged as the seepage of parallel plate, therefore the seepage characteristics of rough section would be more accurately described by taking the geometric scale into account.

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves multiple biological changes, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as genetic and environmental factors. Liraglutide has been used to control blood sugar. But the impact of liraglutide on T2DM-associated NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact and potential molecular mechanisms of inhibiting ferroptosis for liraglutide improves T2DM-associated NAFLD. Methods Mice were fed on high-fat-diet and injected with streptozotocin to mimic T2DM-associated NAFLD and gene expression in liver was analysed by RNA-seq. The fast blood glucose was measured during the period of liraglutide and ferrostatin-1 administration. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes in the liver. The occurrence of hepatic ferroptosis was measured by lipid peroxidation in vivo. The mechanism of liraglutide inhibition ferroptosis was investigated by in vitro cell culture. Results Liraglutide not only improved glucose metabolism, but also ameliorated tissue damage in the livers. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that liraglutide regulates lipid metabolism related signaling including AMPK and ACC. Furthermore, ferroptosis inhibitor rather than other cell death inhibitors rescued liver cell viability in the presence of high glucose. Mechanistically, liraglutide-induced activation of AMPK phosphorylated ACC, while AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked the liraglutide-mediated suppression of ferroptosis. Moreover, ferroptosis inhibitor restored liver function in T2DM mice in vivo. Conclusions These findings indicate that liraglutide ameliorates the T2DM-associated NAFLD, which possibly through the activation of AMPK/ACC pathway and inhibition of ferroptosis.

Trans-acting hammerhead ribozyme inherits the advantages of being the smallest and best-characterized RNA-cleaving ribozyme, offering high modularity and the ability to cleave any desired sequence without the aid of any protein, as long as the target sequence contains a cleavage site. However, achieving precise control over the trans-acting hammerhead ribozyme would enable safer and more accurate regulation of gene expression. Herein, we described an intracellular selection of hammerhead aptazyme that contains a theophylline aptamer on stem II based on toxin protein IbsC. Based on the intracellular selection, we obtained three new cis-acting hammerhead aptazymes. Moreover, the corresponding trans-acting aptazymes could be efficiently induced by theophylline to knock down different targeted genes in eukaryotic cells. Notably, the best one, T195, exhibited a ligand-dependent and dose-dependent response to theophylline, and the cleavage efficiency could be enhanced by incorporating multiplex aptazymes.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are key technologies for the Internet of Things with energy harvesting. To improve energy conversion efficiency and convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, high charge density in TENGs plays a crucial role in the design of triboelectric materials and device structures. This paper proposes mechanisms and strategies to increase TENGs’ charge density through multi-charge storage layers. We also discuss the realization of higher charge densities through material and structure design. The implementation of novel charge storage strategies holds the potential for significant improvements in charge density.

Background: As the global consumption of sugary and non-sugar sweetened beverages continues to rise, there is growing concern about their health impacts, particularly among pregnant women and their offspring. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the consumption patterns of various beverages among pregnant women in Shanghai and their potential health impacts on both mothers and offspring. Method: We applied a multi-stage random sampling method to select participants from 16 districts in Shanghai. Each district was categorised into five zones. Two towns were randomly selected from each zone, and from each town, 30 pregnant women were randomly selected. Data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires. Follow-up data on births within a year after the survey were also obtained. Result: The consumption rates of total beverages (TB), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and non-sugar sweetened beverages (NSS) were 73.2%, 72.8%, and 13.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to non-consumers, pregnant women consuming TB three times or less per week had a 38.4% increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR = 1.384; 95% CI: 1.129–1.696) and a 64.2% increased risk of gestational hypertension (GH) (OR = 1.642; 95% CI: 1.129–2.389). Those consuming TB four or more times per week faced a 154.3% higher risk of GDM (OR = 2.543; 95% CI: 2.064–3.314) and a 169.3% increased risk of GH (OR = 2.693; 95% CI: 1.773–4.091). Similar results were observed in the analysis of SSB. Regarding offspring health, compared to non-consumers, TB consumption four or more times per week was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of macrosomia (OR = 2.143; 95% CI: 1.304–3.522) and large for gestational age (LGA) (OR = 1.695; 95% CI: 1.219–2.356). In the analysis of NSS, with a significantly increased risk of macrosomia (OR = 6.581; 95% CI:2.796–13.824) and LGA (OR = 7.554; 95% CI: 3.372–16.921). Conclusion: The high level of beverage consumption among pregnant women in Shanghai needs attention. Excessive consumption of beverages increases the risk of GDM and GH, while excessive consumption of NSS possibly has a greater impact on offspring macrosomia and LGA.

In order to improve the wear resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy surface，the hard ceramic coating on the aluminum alloy surface was constructed by micro-arc oxidation technology in the electrolyte solution doped with nano-BN particles.The effects of the addition of nano-BN particles on the arc initiation voltage of the micro-arc oxidation process，surface morphology，porosity，phase composition，thickness，roughness，microhardness and friction and wear properties of coating were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS)，X-ray diffractometer (XRD)，photoelectron spectrometer (XPS)，roughness tester，microhardness tester，friction and wear testing machine.Results showed that the coatings were mainly composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 phase.Nano-BN particles increased the arc initiation voltage，and increased the thickness，roughness and hardness of coating.When the concentration of nano-BN particles was 0.3 g/L，the overall performance of the as-obtained micro-arc oxidation coating was the best.At this time，the number of micropores in the coating was small，the pore size was small，and the surface density was high.Compared with the coating prepared in the basic electrolyte，the coating’s surface porosity decreased from 6.617%to 3.518%.Meanwhile，the hardness reached the highest value 916.7 HV10 N，the thickness was 20 μm，and the roughness was 2.38 μm.The friction coefficient was reduced to 0.7，and the wear rate decreased to 7.84×10-5 mm3/(N·m).

Objective: Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in WFS1 or CISD2 (WFS2). We present a rare case report of pregnancy with WFS1 spectrum disorder (WFS1-SD) in our hospital and reviewed literature to provide the management of pregnancy in these patients through multi-disciplinary cooperation. Case report: A 31-year-old (gravida 6, para 1) woman with WFS1-SD conceived naturally. During the pregnancy, she adjusted insulin intermittently to control blood glucose and monitored intraocular pressure changes under the guidance of doctors without any complications. Cesarean section was delivered at 37+4 weeks of gestation due to breech position and uterine scar and the neonatal weight was 3200 g. Apgar score 10 at 1 min, 10 at 5-min and 10 at 10 min, respectively. This rare case had a good maternal and infant outcome under multidisciplinary management. Conclusion: WS is an extremely rare disease. Limited information is available on the impact and management of WS on maternal physiologic adaptation and fetal outcome. This case provide a guide for clinicians to raise awareness of this rare disease and strengthen the management of pregnancy in these patients.

Fishmeal is an important protein source in aquafeed. However, due to the limited natural resources, fishmeal is in short supply, resulting in a price surge for fishmeal. Here, we reported a kind of Chinese medicine residue, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli residue (ECGGR), as a fishmeal substitute in the diets of Trachinotus ovatus. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, substituting fishmeal at 0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, 25%, and 31.25%. There was no significant difference in the growth performance when the fishmeal substitution level was no more than 25%. The smallest FCR was obtained at the 18.75% substitution level. Furthermore, substituting ECGGR for fishmeal had no effect on whole-body and muscle proximate compositions, except when the replacement level exceeded 25%, which led to a decrease in whole-body moisture and an increase in whole-body crude protein. The contents of Gly, Cys, Ile, Tyr, Pro, and EAAs/TAAs were altered as the substitution level varied. However, dietary replacement of fishmeal with ECGGR did not degrade muscle protein quality, according to a nutritional evaluation of muscle essential amino acid composition. In terms of hepatic antioxidant capacity, neither the overall antioxidant status nor the expression of genes in the Nrf2-ARE pathway was altered by dietary ECGGR. Moreover, the expressions of p65, TNF-α, and IL-8 in the intestine were upregulated at the 31.25% substitution level. Also, more goblet cells were observed in the intestine at substitution levels of 25% and 31.25%. In conclusion, ECGGR can substitute for fishmeal at the optimal level of 18.75% without adversely affecting the growth performance, protein quality, or hepatic and intestinal health of golden pompano.

Soil salinization is one of the main factors contributing to land degradation, affecting ecological equilibrium, environmental health, and the sustainable development of agriculture. Due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil properties and environmental conditions in a large-scale region, the monitoring accuracy of soil salinization can be challenging. This study investigated whether the classification of diverse crop types on a time series can improve the prediction accuracy of regional soil salinity levels. Specifically, we evaluated the changes in soil salt content (SSC) under diverse vegetation cover over time in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID) using multi-phase Sentinel-2 imagery and ground-truth data collected from June to September 2021 and 2022. Focused on sunflower and maize fields, this study analyzed the impact of classifying these two crop types and examining four distinct time series on the accuracy of SSC estimation. Five indices were selected as characteristic parameters from a pool of 17 vegetation indices (VIs) and 13 soil salinity indices (SIs) derived from satellite images. Moreover, three machine learning algorithms were used to establish SSC estimation models. The findings underscored the efficacy of classifying crop types and considering different time series in enhancing the response sensitivity of spectral indices to SSC and improving modeling accuracy. Among the spectral indices, VIs made more contributions to the SSC estimation model than SIs, achieving the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.71. The artificial neural networks algorithm outperformed the other two machine learning algorithms in terms of accuracy and stability, yielding an optimal R2 of 0.72 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.15%. This study proposed a modeling and mapping approach that considers crop types and various time series, offering valuable insights for accurately assessing soil salinization, guiding strategies for its prevention and remediation.

BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent and debilitating disease that represents the leading cause of chronic kidney disease which imposes public health challenges Tongmai Jiangtang capsule (TMJT) is commonly used for the treatment of DN, albeit its underlying mechanisms of action are still elusive.MethodsThis study retrieved databases to identify the components and collect the targets of TMJT and DN. Target networks were constructed to screen the core components and targets. Samples from the GEO database were utilized to perform analyses of targets and immune cells and obtain significantly differentially expressed core genes (SDECGs). We also selected a machine learning model to screen the feature genes and construct a nomogram. Furthermore, molecular docking, another GEO dataset, and Mendelian randomization (MR) were utilized for preliminary validation. We subsequently clustered the samples based on SDECG expression and consensus clustering and performed analyses between the clusters. Finally, we scored the SDECG score and analyzed the differences between clusters.ResultsThis study identified 13 SDECGs between DN and normal groups which positively regulated immune cells. We also identified five feature genes (CD40LG, EP300, IL1B, GAPDH, and EGF) which were used to construct a nomogram. MR analysis indicated a causal link between elevated IL1B levels and an increased risk of DN. Clustering analysis divided DN samples into four groups, among which, C1 and CI were mainly highly expressed and most immune cells were up-regulated. C2 and CII were the opposite. Finally, we found significant differences in SDECG scores between C1 and C2, CI and CII, respectively.ConclusionTMJT may alleviate DN via core components (e.g. Denudatin B, hancinol, hirudinoidine A) targeting SDECGs (e.g. SRC, EGF, GAPDH), with the involvement of feature genes and modulation of immune and inflammation-related pathways. These findings have potential implications for clinical practice and future investigations.

Abstract Background The aberrant expression of BRIP1 was associated with several cancers; however, the panoramic picture of BRIP1 in human tumors remains unclear. This study aims to explore the pan-cancerous picture of the expression of BRIP1 across 33 human cancers. Methods Based on the data from TCGA and GTEx, a series of bioinformatic analyses were applied to systematically explore the genetic landscape and biologic function of BRIP1 in 33 human tumors. Results We observed prognosis-related differential BRIP1 expressions between various carcinomas and the corresponding normal tissues. “Basal transcription factors,” “homologous recombination,” “nucleotide excision repair,” and DNA metabolism pathways may play a role in the functional mechanisms of BRIP1. Patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma presented with the highest alteration frequency of BRIP1 (nearly 10%). Single-nucleotide and copy number variations of BRIP1 were noticed in multiple cancers, and the expression of BRIP1 is significantly regulated by copy number variation in breast invasive carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. BRIP1 expression is negatively correlated with the DNA methylation levels in many tumors and is associated with the activation of apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage response, and inhibition of hormone ER and RNS/MARK signaling pathways. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between BRIP1 expression and the immune infiltration levels of cancer-associated fibroblasts and CD8+ T cells in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Our pan-cancer analysis of BRIP1 provides a valuable resource for understanding the multimolecular characteristics and biological function of BRIP1 across human cancers.

Abstract Background Natural killer (NK) cells play a major role in body’s fighting against various types of cancers. Their infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of gastric cancer (GC) are significantly decreased, which has been reported as a robust prognostic marker. However, the causes leading to NK cells loss in GC TME remains poorly understood. Methods We constructed a non-contact co-culturing system and humanized xenograft tumor mice model to detect the influence of GC microenvironment on NK-92 or primary human NK cells viability by flow cytometry. Then through using the specific inhibitors for different types of cell death and examining the surrogate markers, we confirmed ferroptosis in NK cells. Inspired by the accidental discoveries, we constructed a NK-92 cell strain with high expression of GPX4 and treated the humanized xenograft tumor mice model with the NK-92 cells. Results We found L-KYN, mainly generated through indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) from GC cells, impaired NK cells viability in TME. Further analysis revealed L-KYN induced ferroptosis in NK cells via an AHR-independent way. Moreover, we found NK cells with higher GPX4 expression showed resistance to L-KYN induced ferroptosis. Based on this, we generated GPX4 over-expressed NK-92 cells, and found these cells showed therapeutic potential towards GC. Conclusions Our study revealed a novel mechanism to explain the decline of NK cell number in GC TME. Notably, we also developed a potential immunotherapy strategy, which might be beneficial in clinical treatment in the future.

We find that a big gap between indicators for the breaking strengths of the global chiral SU(2) and U(1) axial symmetries in the QCD of the standard model (SM) can be interpreted as a new fine-tuning problem. This may thus imply calling for a class beyond the SM, which turns out to favor having a new chiral symmetry, and the associated massless new quark is insensitive to the chiral SU(2) symmetry for the lightest up and down quarks so that the fine-tuning is relaxed. Our statistical estimate shows that QCD of the SM is by more than 300 standard deviations off the parameter space free from fine-tuning, and the significance will be greater as the lattice measurements on the QCD hadron observables become more accurate. We briefly address a dark QCD model with massless new quarks as one viable candidate.

Fracture propagation under mixed-mode loading conditions prevails in many natural geological processes and deep engineering projects, while the corresponding numerical simulation is very challenging in rock mechanics, especially in 3D cases. In most previous studies, the complexity of 3D fracture geometry was over-simplified, and model III loading was often not considered. In this study, we propose to use an efficient stress-based Schöllmann criterion combined with Displacement Discontinuity Method (DDM) to model 3D fracture propagation under arbitrary I ​+ ​II ​+ ​III mixed-mode loading conditions. A novel curve-smoothing algorithm is developed to smoothen the fracture front during propagation, which significantly enhances the model's ability in dealing with complex 3D fracture geometry. In particular, we adopt two different solution schemes, namely staggered and monolithic, to simulate mode I fracture propagation in the case of hydraulic fracturing. The accuracy, efficiency and convergency of the two solution schemes are compared in detail. Our research findings suggest that the degree of coupling between fracture aperture and fluid pressure in hydraulic fracturing lies somewhere between one-way and two-way, which favors the staggered solution scheme. To further test our new model, we provide three additional numerical examples associated with 3D fracture propagation under various mixed-mode loading conditions. Our model shows excellent performance in efficiently locating the new fracture front and reliably capturing the complex 3D fracture geometry. This study provides a generic algorithm to model high-fidelity 3D fracture propagation without simplifying fracture geometry or loading conditions, making it widely applicable to fracture-propagation-related problems.

BackgroundWith population aging, the prevalence of both cancer and atrial fibrillation (AF) have increased. However, there is scarce epidemiological data concerning the comorbid state of cancer and AF in low- and middle-income countries, including China. ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the site-, sex-, and age-specific profiles of cancer and AF comorbidities in Chinese populations. MethodsData from the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission database between 2015 and 2020 were screened, covering all medical records of Shanghai residents with medical insurance. Site-specific cancer profiles were evaluated for the population with AF relative to the age- and sex-adjusted population of residents without AF. The sex distribution and peak age of cancer diagnosis were also assessed. ResultsA total of 25,964,447 adult patients were screened. Among them, 22,185 patients presented cancers comorbid with AF (median 77, IQR 67-82 years of age; men: n=13,631, 61.44%), while 839,864 presented cancers without AF (median 67, IQR 57-72 years of age; men: n=419,020, 49.89%), thus yielding a higher cancer prevalence among residents with AF (8.27%) than among those without AF (6.05%; P

Background Neurogenic bladder (NB) following suprasacral spinal cord injury (SSCI) is an interstitial disease with the structural remodeling of bladder tissue and matrix over-deposition. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in fibrotic disease development through their post-transcriptional regulatory functions. This study aimed to use transcriptome high-throughput sequencing to investigate the process of NB and bladder fibrosis after SSCI. Methods Spinal cord transection at the T10–T11 level was used to construct the SSCI model in rats (10–week–old female Wistar rats, weighing 200 ± 20 g). The bladders were collected without (sham group) and with (SSCI 1–3 groups) NB status. Morphological examination was conducted to assess the extent of bladder fibrosis. Additionally, RNA sequencing was utilized to determine mRNAs and circRNAs expression patterns. The dynamic changes of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and circRNAs (DECs) in different periods of SSCI were further analyzed. Results Bladder weight, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, and extracellular matrix gradually increased after SSCI. Compared with the sham group, 3,255 DEMs and 1,339 DECs, 3,449 DEMs and 1,324 DECs, 884 DEMs, and 1,151 DECs were detected in the SSCI 1–3 groups, respectively. Specifically, circRNA3621, circRNA0617, circRNA0586, and circRNA4426 were significant DECs common to SSCI 1–3 groups compared with the sham group. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment suggested that inflammatory and chronic inflammatory responses were the key events in NB progression following SSCI. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment associated with the “Chemokine signaling pathway”, the “IL-17 signaling pathway”, and the “TGF-beta signaling pathway” suggests their potential involvement in regulating biological processes. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction networks of DECs revealed rno-circ-2239 (micu2) as the largest node, indicating that the rno-circ-2239–miRNA–mRNA–mediated network may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SSCI-induced NB. Conclusions This study offers a comprehensive outlook on the possible roles of DEMs and DECs in bladder fibrosis and NB progression following SSCI. These findings have the potential to serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

ABSTRACT Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) causes mosaic disease in crops such as maize and sugarcane by its vector—an aphid—and is transmitted top-down into the root system. However, understanding of the effects of the aphid-borne virus on root-associated microbes after plant invasion remains limited. The current project investigated maize root-associated (rhizosphere and endosphere) bacterial communities, potential interspecies interaction, and assembly processes in response to SCMV invasion based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. SCMV was detected in the roots 9 days after inoculation, and leaf mosaic and chlorosis appeared. The SCMV invasion markedly reduced the α-diversity of endosphere bacteria compared with uninoculated controls (Mock). The connectivity and complexity of the bacterial co-occurrence network in the root endosphere decreased after SCMV invasion, implying that the plant virus may alter root endophyte-microbial interactions. Moreover, a signature that deviates more from stochastic processes was observed in virus-infected plants. Unexpectedly, the rhizosphere bacterial communities were rarely affected by the viral invasion. This study lays the foundation for elucidating the fate of the microbial component of the plant holobiont following aphid-borne virus exposure. IMPORTANCE Biotic (e.g., soil-borne viruses) stress can alter root-associated bacterial communities, essential in maintaining host plant growth and health. However, the regulation of root-associated microorganisms by plant viruses from shoots is still largely unknown. Our results show that plant virus invasion leads to reduced and simpler inter-microbial communication in the maize endosphere. In addition, stochastic processes act on bacterial community assembly in both rhizosphere and endosphere, and bacterial communities in virus-invaded plant endosphere tend to shift toward deterministic processes. Our study highlights the negative effects of plant viruses on root endophytes from the microbial ecology perspective, which may be microbially mediated mechanisms of plant diseases.

Cable replacement is a key technique to solve the problems of cable corrosion and strand breakage. Cable removal causes structural changes. The choice of replacement method affects the safety of the bridge during cable replacement. A sensitivity analysis method was used to evaluate the force and deflection changes of Wohu Bridge. A reasonable method for the number and order of cable replacement was proposed; by comparing different cable removal schemes, it was revealed that the cable force and beam stress changes of the cables closest to the removed cable were the most significant. The results showed that the cable force increment of the surrounding cables was the largest when removing the longest cable. The structural impact change was small when removing the shortest cable. The maximum deflection at the top of the tower decreased with the decrease of the length of the removed cable. It was recommended to replace two cables symmetrically from the center of the tower, and the optimal replacement order was from the shortest cable to the longest cable. Furthermore, this paper also studied the influence of variable load on the cable replacement scheme, and demonstrated that the design scheme of opening part of traffic in this paper was safe and feasible.

BackgroundAcute drug poisonings are increasing year by year and have become the leading cause of acute poisoning in Shanghai in recent years, and the related prevention and control work is faced with a tough situation. ObjectiveTo understand the composition of drugs leading to acute poisonings and describe the epidemiological tendency of reported acute drug poisonings in Shanghai. MethodsWe collected registered acute drug poisoning case information from the Shanghai Health Information System under Shanghai Health Statistics Center, including demographic characteristics and clinical diagnosis. There were totally 86476 cases reported from 2019 to 2021. The distributions of drugs and victims were described by year. Incidence tendency of acute drug poisonings was analyzed by chi-square test and the analysis focused on analgesic, hypnotics, and antidepressant drug-associated poisonings. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed by GeoDa1.20 through calculating global and local Moran's I. ResultsThere was an ascendant tendency in both case count (22132 cases in 2019, 29071 cases in 2020, and 35273 cases in 2021) and crude morbidity (0.89‰ in 2019, 1.21‰ in 2020, and 1.46‰ in 2021) of patients who received outpatient service or emergency treatment for acute drug poisonings from 2019 to 2021 in Shanghai. The top 3 kinds of acute poisoning drugs were analgesics, hypnotics, and antidepressants. The morbidity rates of acute drug poisonings associated with antidepressants (χ2=2700.15, P 60 years age group for the 3 years (male morbidity rate was 0.40‰-1.03‰, and female morbidity rate was 0.66‰-0.81‰). Regarding the causes of poisonings, accidental poisoning and exposure was the main cause in the ≤ 17 years groups (male constituent ratio was 57.64%-67.12%, and female constituent ratio was 55.27%-68.27%); suicide (male constituent ratio was 20.28%-43.51%, and female constituent ratio was 25.18%-52.02%) had a higher percentage than accidental poisoning and exposure (male constituent ratio was 16.97%-23.62%, and female constituent ratio was 12.76%-17.63%) in the 18-59 years age groups; accidental poisoning and exposure (male constituent ratio was 24.38%-45.18%, and female constituent ratio was 32.69%-38.11%) had a higher percentage than suicide (male constituent ratio was 12.35%-14.02%, and female constituent ratio was 11.92%-12.31%) in the > 60 years age group. The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the distribution of acute poisoning cases caused by analgesics, hypnotics, or antidepressants was not random. It was mostly positive spatial clustering. The high-morbidity area was always in the outer-ring circle, especially in Xuhui, Changning, and Jing'an districts, which suggested a high-high cluster pattern. ConclusionIn view of the increasing morbidity rate of acute drug poisoning cases in Shanghai in this study, it is urgent to take prevention and control actions. We should plan further studies and different strategies toward different victims with distinct drug poisoning characteristics and areas with high morbidity rates.

Granulocyte is granular leukocytes in blood, which play an important role in anti-infection treatment and cancer-killing activity. In clinical, allogeneic granulocyte transfusion can be applied for anti-infection treatment when the patients are seriously infected but the antibiotic treatment is ineffective, especially the WBC counts are extremely low. Recently, some progress has been made in the researches about treating cancer with granulocyte infusion. It is possible to use allogeneic granulocyte infusion with high killing activity to treat the certain types of cancers.

Objective To analyze the changes of blood routine and platelet related parameters of the elderly apheresis platelet donors since the first donation, so as to ensure the health and platelet quality of the elderly apheresis donors. Methods From 2019 to 2021, a total of 69 apheresis platelet donors in our center, aged 55-60 years old, involving 3400 occasions of donation, were enrolled in this study. The change trends of blood routine and platelet related parameters before and after the age of 55 were retrospectively analyzed. One way ANOVA was used for group comparison, and Pearson correlation analysis of platelet parameters was performed. Results The values of blood routine and platelet related parameters were higher in men than in women (P0.05). As for the males in comparison of the parameters before 55 years old, WBC decreased significantly after 55 years of age (P0.05). The changes of PDW, MPV and P-LCR were consistent and showed a linear positive correlation. Conclusion The blood routine tests of the elderly apheresis platelet donors were all within the normal range and the proportion was relatively stable. Personalized blood donation schemes should be customized for the elderly blood donors and the health management of blood donors should be implemented.

Efficient exploration and development of oil and gas resources in complex geological environments continue to pose significant challenges for the energy industry. The localization and extraction of reservoirs in basins with complex structures, developed faults, and scattered sedimentary sand bodies are topics of international interest. One such basin, the Hailar Basin in northeastern China, represents a complex geological environment with heterogeneous distributions of oil and gas reserves, along with variable reservoir conditions, leading to challenges in hydrocarbon exploration and extraction. The Sudeert oil field, situated within this basin, is known for its high productivity; nevertheless, the underlying factors responsible for its success are not yet fully comprehended. Based on seismic, logging, and core data from the Sudeert oil field, as well as previous research, this study comprehensively analyzed the sedimentary environment, sedimentary facies characteristics, sand body distribution patterns, vertical stacking relationships of sand bodies, and hydrocarbon accumulation potential of the oil reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Xing’anling Formation in the Sudeert oil field. The Xing’anling Formation I and II oil reservoirs are deposited in a fan-delta front sedimentary environment, and the sedimentary microfacies that are conducive to the development of reservoir sand bodies include underwater distributary channels, underwater natural levees, estuary dams, front silt beds, and turbidite sands. Among them, the underwater distributary channel microfacies is the main depositional facies for the development of reservoir sand bodies. Three major depositional patterns of fan lobes can be identified within this depositional system: 1) isolated, 2) contact, and 3) superimposed lobes. Different combinations of lobes developed in different blocks and resulted in different sand body depositional patterns. The isolated lobes mainly developed in the western oil-producing (B28 block) due to the scarcity of sand and slowly increasing accommodation space. The contact lobes mainly developed in the central oil-producing block (B14 block) due to sufficient sediment supply and steadily increasing accommodation space across a wide area. The superimposed lobes mainly developed in the southeast oil-producing block (B16 block) due to sufficient sediment input and steadily increasing accommodation space within a restricted area. In the whole study area, the superimposed lobe pattern is the most favorable depositional pattern and forms the highest-quality reservoirs because of the high degree of sand body connectivity. These results also highlight the utility of sedimentary patterns and sand body assemblage studies for the oil exploration and development of similar rifted basins.