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Smart clothing has demonstrated potential applications in a wide range of wearable fields for human body monitoring and self-adaption. However, current wearable sensors often suffer from not seamlessly integrating with normal clothing, restricting sensing ability, and a negative wearing experience. Here, integrated smart clothing is fabricated by employing multiscale disordered porous elastic fibers as sensing units, which show the capability of inherently autonomous self-sensing (i.e., strain and temperature sensing) and self-cooling. The multiscale disordered porous structure of the fibers contributes to the high transparency of mid-infrared human body radiation and backscatter of visible light, which allows the microenvironment temperature between the skin and clothing to drop at least ∼2.5 °C compared with cotton fabrics. After the capillary-assisted adsorption of graphene inks, the modified porous fibers could also possess real-time strain and temperature-sensing capacities with a high gauge factor and thermal coefficient of resistance. As a proof of concept, the integrated smart sportswear achieved the measuring of body temperature, the tracking of large-scale limb movements, and the collection of subtle human physiological signals, along with the intrinsic self-cooling ability.

Microfluidic spinning technology (MST) employed for the fabrication of microfibers is an emerging material fabrication method of great scientific interest. To achieve high-strength properties of the fabricated reinforced microfibers, the nanostructure must be tunable. Herein we present a process combining hydrodynamic alignment (HA) and MST to synthesize microfibers with different diameters in a multiphase coaxial flow. The preferential macromolecule orientation along the microfiber forming direction and its diameter was tuned by varying the process parameters. The tensile test revealed that the maximum strength of the fabricated calcium alginate microfiber reached 185.1 MPa, whereas the microfibers were found to have consistent and uniform size with an average diameter of 31.3 μm. Successful HA at higher flow rates prior to gelation caused a decrease in the diameter of the microfiber.

Cotton fabrics with robust ultraviolet protective property can be facilely prepared by depositing graphene oxide (GO) and chitosan (CS) upon fabric substrate via the electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly approach. The structure and morphology of the resultant fabrics were characterized by SEM, AFM, FTIR, XPS and dyeing color depth ( K/S value), and the ultraviolet (UV) blocking properties were also further investigated. As expected, the UV protection ability was evaluated with Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF), and the cotton fabrics deposited with GO and CS showed more than 40-fold increase with a UPF value of 452 than that of control cotton (UPF rating at 9.37). Moreover, the LbL deposited fabric showed excellent washing durability even after 10 times water laundering.

Versatile and ductile cotton fabrics with extraordinary electrical and robust ultraviolet protective properties can be facilely prepared by depositing graphene doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) and chitosan upon fabric substrate via layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly approach in this paper. The PEDOT: PSS as polyanion was doped with graphene nanosheet (1 wt.%) by solution mixing followed by alternative deposition with chitosan as polycation on the surface of cotton fabric. The morphology and structure of the resultant fabrics were characterized by SEM, AFM and ATR–FTIR and dyeing color depth ( K / S value), the electrical and ultraviolet protective properties were also evaluated. As expected, dyeing color depth ( K / S value) illustrated regular and identifiable “odd–even” changes indicating the variation of surface molecular layer of the alternate deposition of PEDOT: PSS and chitosan layer. Furthermore, electrical resistivity of the six-layer deposited fabric could reach to 2.29 Ω m, decreasing more than eight orders of magnitude than the control fabric, Meanwhile, such fabric could also perform ultrastrong ultraviolet protective ability with a maximum UPF value of 312, which was up to 30-fold increment of control fabric (UPF = 9.37). In addition, the LbL fabric possessed excellent washing durability even after ten times water laundering.

In order to introduce multifunctional properties into flexible cotton fabric, graphene and waterborne anionic aliphatic polyurethane composites were prepared and then deposited on the surface of the fabric substrate through facile pad-dry-cure process. The fabrics thus obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their functional properties such as far-infrared emission, electrical conductivity, and ultraviolet (UV) blocking were studied. The coating process enhanced the far-infrared emissivity up to 0.911 in the wavelength range of 4–18 μm. In addition, the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of the fabric with 0.8-wt% graphene could reach 500, up to 60-fold higher than that of pristine cotton fabric (UPF 8.19), and its electrical resistivity was decreased from 1.15 × 107 to 2.94 × 10−1 Ω m, which is almost 8 orders of magnitude. The fabrics have also been found to be stable even after 10 cycles of laundering.

To enhance the mechanical performance and ultraviolet shielding property, graphene oxide was incorporated as the functional nanofiller into a sodium alginate matrix to form a composite film via a solvent-casting method. The as-obtained films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric; their mechanical and ultraviolet blocking properties were also systemically evaluated and compared. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength increased to 84 MPa at 6 wt.% graphene oxide loading, nearly 265% greater than that of pure sodium alginate film. The increased tensile strength may have resulted from the existence of hydrogen bonding and high interfacial adhesion between graphene oxide filler and sodium alginate matrix. Furthermore, the sodium alginate/graphene oxide films also demonstrated robust ultraviolet shielding capacity; the corresponding ultraviolet protection factor reached up to 133.61 at 8 wt.% graphene oxide loading.

Multifunctional cotton fabric with high electrical conductivity and ultrastrong UV radiation protection properties was successfully fabricated by coating graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet dispersion on fabric surface via vacuum filtration deposition (VFD) method, and then the treated fabric was assembled with polyaniline (PANI) by in-situ chemical polymerization process. The structure and morphological studies showed that the deposition of GO nanosheet is benefit to enhance the uniformity of aniline polymerization on the surface of PANI-GO-cotton fabric. Furthermore, the electrical resistivity of PANI-GO-cotton decrease approximately 10 6 times compared with control cotton, reached at 48.35 Ω cm. PANI-GO-cotton also performed ultrastrong UV radiation protection ability with a UPF value of 445.21, which is superhigher than that of control fabric (UPF rating at 6.86). Moreover, even repeated 10 times water laundering showed nearly no effect on electrical conductivity and UV radiation protection efficiency.

Flexible fabric with remarkable ultraviolet (UV) blocking was deemed as the feasible personal protection to shield human body against external ultraviolet radiation. In this paper, graphene nanoplate (GNP) as a novel UV absorber was utilized to functionalize the surface of cotton fabric at low content (0.05–0.4 wt.%) via pad-dry-cure method. The morphology and structure of the as-obtained modified cotton fabrics were characterized with scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was applied to evaluate UV blocking properties of the samples. The results indicated that the modified cotton fabric performed ultrastrong protection against UV radiation, up to 10-fold increment of UPF (from 32.71 to 356.74) was endowed only by incorporating graphene nanoplate 0.4 wt.%.

Knit polyester fabric was successively modified and decorated with chitosan layer and polyaniline polymer nanocomposite layer in this paper. The fabric was firstly treated with chitosan to form a stable layer through the pad-dry-cure process, and then the polyaniline polymer nanocomposite layer was established on the outer layer by in situ chemical polymerization method using ammonium persulfate as oxidant and chlorhydric acid as dopant. The surface morphology of coated fabric was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the co-existence of chitosan layer and granular polyaniline polymer nanocomposite was confirmed and well dispersed on the fabric surface. The resultant fabric was endowed with remarkable electrical conductivity properties and efficient water-repellent capability, which also have been found stable after water laundering. In addition, the photocatalytic decomposition activity for reactive red dye was observed when the multifunctional knit polyester fabric was exposed to the illumination of ultraviolet lamp. These results indicated that chitosan and polyaniline polymer nanocomposite could form ideal multifunctional coatings on the surface of knit polyester fabric.

For the individual privacy protection, the GSM system transmits the IMSI or TMSI number over the air instead of the phone number which will leak the identity of the users. The MSC, HLR/VLR will translate the IMSI/TMSI to the phone number in the core network. This paper proposed an idea about catching the GSM/UMTS Phone Number over the air by man-in-the-middle attack. The GSM/UMTS phone number catcher proposed in this paper was implemented on a pseudo base station with a mobile terminal which can transmit any frames we wanted. While the legal terminals are trying to access, the phone number catcher will relay all its frame to the operator's network and try to break the shared authentication key Ki. Then the system will get the phone number by pretending the legal terminal to call a designated phone. We will analyze the GSM protocol which is relevant to the phone number catcher and later present the performance of such a system by real tests and demonstrate its feasibility.