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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most invasive and lethal primary brain melanoma. The existing treatment modality is unable to achieve thorough elimination of GBM due to the aggressive nature, blood‐brain barrier (BBB), hypoxic environment, and heterogeneous cellular components. Herein, a radio‐immunotherapy regimen based on a versatile nanoplatform (G/APH‐M) is proposed to effectively kill quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) and proliferative cancer cells in GBM in a simultaneous manner. Among o ur prepared G/APH‐M, the coating of GL261 cell membrane guarantees the BBB‐penetrable delivery and homologous GBM‐targeting of the hollow Prussian blue loaded with oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor Gboxin and catalase‐mimetic nanozymes. After substantial tumor accumulation, the released Gboxin inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to kill CSCs, while the nanozymes catalyze the production of oxygen to enhance radiotherapy. Consequently, potent immunogenic cell death (ICD) of GBM is induced, which in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (αPD‐L1), achieving a potent therapeutic effect with an 80% survival rate in the orthotopic GBM model even at 60 days after the treatment. The synergistic modulation of hypoxia and metabolism based on G/APH‐M greatly intensifies the radio‐immunotherapy of GBM, which would inspire more comprehensive strategies targeting the multiple characteristics of GBM cells for clinical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is known to depress in vivo fluorescence (IVF) of chlorophyll a (Chla) in aquatic environments, which makes it difficult to interpret the hour‐to‐hour variations in Chla measured by in situ fluorometers. We hypothesized that ratios between quenched and unquenched IVF are a function of both NPQ and photochemical quenching. In this study, two diatom model species Thalassiosira pseudonana (CCMP1335) and Thalassiosira weissflogii (CCMP1047) incubated under a sinusoidal light:dark cycle were studied; IVF was recorded continuously, and Chla and photo‐physiological variables were measured seven times a day. The maximal decline in Chla‐specific IVF (IVFB) attributable to quenching was 50% under the experimental settings. An NPQ and photochemical quenching‐based modeling equation exhibited a better match to the measured IVFB than equations representing the sole NPQ effect. Photochemical quenching induced by measuring light beam varied substantially during the day, and the part of the model for this process is excitation intensity‐dependent (which is differed between models of in situ fluorometers, implying no straightforward method to correct Chla for all instrument models, instrument‐specific parameterization is required). The forms of the IVFB‐light relationship are discussed as well. The findings foster a holistic understanding of NPQ effects on in vivo Chla fluorometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Microphytobenthos (MPB) and phytoplankton are important primary producers in the estuarial ecosystem, and their functions are critical to the ecosystem's biodiversity and environmental safety. The aim of this study was to compare the response of MPB and phytoplankton to the nutrient loads in a eutrophic estuary, which has seldom been studied. We used high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and CHEMTAX software to examine the biomass and taxonomic composition of both MPB and phytoplankton at Da‐yu Island (DYI) and Ji‐yu Island (JYI) in the Jiulong River Estuary from July 2010 to March 2012. The results showed that MPB chlorophyll a was low in the summer and high in the winter at both DYI and JYI, indicating a unimodal pattern. However, the phytoplankton chlorophyll a showed a mirrored pattern. Diatoms were the dominant class in both benthic and pelagic environments. Although redundancy analysis indicated that the effects of different environmental factors could not be easily separated, it is likely that phosphate and temperature were the most important factors regulating the seasonal patterns of MPB and phytoplankton diatoms, respectively. MPB and phytoplankton cyanobacteria was co‐limited by salinity and temperature. The high N/P ratio and low phosphate favored chlorophytes and cyanobacteria. Our study demonstrates the use of HPLC and CHEMTAX in an integrated survey of the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of MPB and phytoplankton in an estuarial ecosystem. The contrasting responses of MPB and phytoplankton to nutrient loads indicate the critical role of MPB in subtropical estuarial ecosystem function. The relationship between nutrients and MPB may indicate a significant contribution to carbon and nutrient cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]