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Five new furofuran lignans and their derivatives, (−)-glaberide I 4- O - β -D-glucopyranoside (1a), (+)-glaberide I 4- O - β -D-glucopyranoside (1b), (+)-glaberide I 7'-ethoxy-4- O - β -D-glucopyranoside (2a), (−)-glaberide I 7'-ethoxy-4- O - β -D-glucopyranoside (2b), and (−)-isoeucommin A (3b), along with fifteen known analogs were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium 'Sonia'. These compounds were classified into ten pairs of enantiomers or diastereoisomers via chiral resolution, and their structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic data. Their absolute configurations were determined by hydrolysis, comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The isolates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells. Among them, syringaresinol (5) exhibited prominent inhibition activity, with an IC 50 value of 28.4 ± 3.0 μmol·L−1, and there was a slight difference between 5a , 5b and the racemic mixture 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Natural medicines present a considerable analytical challenge due to their diverse botanical origins and complex multi‐species composition. This inherent complexity complicates their rapid identification and analysis. Tangerine peel, a product of the Citrus species from the Rutaceae family, is widely used both as a culinary ingredient and in traditional Chinese medicine. It is classified into two primary types in China: Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CP) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (QP), differentiated by harvest time. A notable price disparity exists between CP and another variety, Citri reticulatae "Chachi" (GCP), with differences being based on the original variety. Methods: This study introduces an innovative method using portable miniature mass spectrometry for swift on‐site analysis of QP, CP, and GCP, requiring less than a minute per sample. And combined with machine learning to differentiate the three types on site, the method was used to try to distinguish GCP from different storage years. Results: This novel method using portable miniature mass spectrometry for swift on‐site analysis of tangerine peels enabled the characterization of 22 compounds in less than one minute per sample. The method simplifies sample processing and integrates machine learning to distinguish between the CP, QP, and GCP varieties. Moreover, a multiple‐perceptron neural network model is further employed to specifically differentiate between CP and GCP, addressing the significant price gap between them. Conclusions: The entire analytical time of the method is about 1 minute, and samples can be analyzed on site, greatly reducing the cost of testing. Besides, this approach is versatile, operates independently of location and environmental conditions, and offers a valuable tool for assessing the quality of natural medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety issues caused by pharmaceuticals have frequently occurred worldwide, posing a tremendous threat to human health. As an essential part of drug development, the toxicological analysis and safety evaluation is of great significance. In addition, the risk of pharmaceuticals accumulation in the environment and the monitoring of the toxicity from natural medicines have also received ongoing concerns. Due to a lack of spatial distribution information provided by common analytical methods, analyses that provide spatial dimensions could serve as complementary safety evaluation methods for better prediction and evaluation of drug toxicity. With advances in technical solutions and software algorithms, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has received increasing attention as a popular analytical tool that enables the simultaneous implementation of qualitative, quantitative, and localization without complex sample pretreatment and labeling steps. In recent years, MSI has become more attractive, powerful, and sensitive and has been applied in several scientific fields that can meet the safety assessment requirements. This review aims to cover a detailed summary of the various MSI technologies utilized in the biomedical and pharmaceutical area, including technical principles, advantages, current status, and future trends. Representative applications and developments in the safety‐related issues of different pharmaceuticals and natural medicines are also described to provide a reference for pharmaceutical research, improve rational clinical medicine use, and ensure public safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum, DOL), renowned for its therapeutic applications in traditional Chinese medicine and its value in crafting luxury items, faces challenges due to the slow heartwood formation process and subsequent market adulteration. The proliferation of counterfeit products necessitates reliable methods for rapid, on-site authentication. This study aims to establish a rapid, green, and on-site method to identify the authenticity of DOL. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 10 batches of DOL samples sourced from diverse locations, utilizing a miniature mass spectrometer (mini MS) equipped with a paper capillary spray (PCS) technique. Multivariate statistical approaches were employed to classify the samples and pinpoint chemical markers indicative of authenticity. Subsequent MS-guided separation and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) verified the markers' validity and assessed the greenness profile by Analytical Eco-scale (AES), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE). A total of 10 batches of DOL samples detected by PCS-mini MS were classified into authentic and counterfeit, by unsupervised cluster analysis. Sativanone (m/z 301.1, VIP=6.0, p=0.000001) and 3′-O-methylviolanone (m/z 331.1, VIP=3.2, p=0.000382) were regarded as the chemical markers for the rapid identification of DOL. The results of the TLC method were consistent with this method, and the new method is greener. The application of mini MS for on-site authentication of DOL via specific chemical markers offers significant advantages, including operational simplicity, high efficiency, greenness, and accuracy. The deployment of this strategy promises to facilitate the effective regulation of DOL, ensuring authenticity and quality. [Display omitted] • The chemical markers of DOL were revealed, providing a basis for identification. • An on-site identification method of DOL based on PCS-mini MS was developed. • Multiple green indicators were used to evaluate the method, to reflect the greenness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]