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Bovine Theileria are tick-borne protozoan parasites that invade bovine erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Three main bovine Theileria species have been identified in China: T. orientalis, T. sinensis, and T. annulata. To examine the prevalence of bovine theileriosis in Yanbian, a total of 584 bovine blood samples were collected from five localities from 2017 to 2019 and analyzed by PCR. Six pairs of oligonucleotide primers directed against the 18S rRNA gene of Theileria spp., Tams-1 gene of T. annulata, MPSP gene of T. orientalis, and T. sinensis, were used to detect these parasites. A sequence analysis of the amplified genes confirmed that the Theileria species were T. orientalis and T. sinensis, without T. annulata. The overall prevalence of Theileria in cattle was 42.81% (250/584). Out of the 584 samples, 159 (27.23%) and 157 (26.88%) were positive for T. sinensis and T. orientalis, respectively, and the mixed infection rate was 11.30% (66/584). The total prevalence of bovine Theileria species in Helong, Hunchun, Longjing, Yanji, and Dunhua was 66.28%, 49.68%, 23.81%, 28.15%, and 0%, respectively. These results provide epidemiological data for the prevention and control of bovine Theileria species in Yanbian, China.

Background: We aimed to construct an adenovirus expressing a cross-reactive fragment of the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) antigen and evaluated the concomitant immune response in BABL/c mice, allowing protection against N. caninum and T. gondii infection. Methods: The study was conducted in Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China In 2015-2016. Primers were designed using the AMA1 gene sequences of N. caninum (AB265823.1) and T. gondii (AF010264.1). After linearization of the plasmid ADV4-NcAMA1 and the framework plasmid pacAd5, a total of 293T cells were cotransfected and Ad5-NcAMA1 recombinant adenovirus were packed. BALB/c mice were inoculated. Simultaneously serum IgG antibody levels and IFN-κ and IL-4 cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. After immunization three times in two weeks, each group of BABL/c mice were divided into two groups, respectively given intraperitoneal inoculation by the Neospora tachyzoite and Toxoplasma tachyzoite. Then we observed the clinical symptoms and statistical survival rate of mice. Results: The level of IgG in BABL/c mice immunized with Ad5-NcAMA1 was significantly increased when compared with that of pVAX1-NcAMA1 and PBS groups (P<0.01). At the same time, the cytokine levels of IFN-κ and IL-4 were also higher in the Ad4-NcAMA1 group than in the control groups (P<0.01). Moreover, BABL/c mice immunized with Ad5-NcAMA1, pVAX1-NcAMA1, and PBS showed survival rates of 75%, 45% and 20% after N. caninum infection, and 45%, 10% and 0% after T. gondii infection, respectively. Conclusion: The adenovirus vaccineAd5-NcAMA1 could provide protective immunity against N. caninum and T. gondii infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to construct an adenovirus expressing a cross-reactive fragment of the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) antigen and evaluated the concomitant immune response in BABL/c mice, allowing protection against N. caninum and T. gondii infection., Methods: The study was conducted in Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China In 2015-2016. Primers were designed using the AMA1 gene sequences of N. caninum (AB265823.1) and T. gondii (AF010264.1). After linearization of the plasmid ADV4-NcAMA1 and the framework plasmid pacAd5, a total of 293T cells were cotransfected and Ad5-NcAMA1 recombinant adenovirus were packed. BALB/c mice were inoculated. Simultaneously serum IgG antibody levels and IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. After immunization three times in two weeks, each group of BABL/c mice were divided into two groups, respectively given intraperitoneal inoculation by the Neospora tachyzoite and Toxoplasma tachyzoite. Then we observed the clinical symptoms and statistical survival rate of mice., Results: The level of IgG in BABL/c mice immunized with Ad5-NcAMA1 was significantly increased when compared with that of pVAX1-NcAMA1 and PBS groups ( P <0.01). At the same time, the cytokine levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were also higher in the Ad4-NcAMA1 group than in the control groups ( P <0.01). Moreover, BABL/c mice immunized with Ad5-NcAMA1, pVAX1-NcAMA1, and PBS showed survival rates of 75%, 45% and 20% after N. caninum infection, and 45%, 10% and 0% after T. gondii infection, respectively., Conclusion: The adenovirus vaccineAd5-NcAMA1 could provide protective immunity against N. caninum and T. gondii infection., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.